Testing Growth-Center Hypotheses

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Gaile
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Growth Center

A technique developed by Casetti, King, and Odland (Casetti et al., 1971) for testing growth-center hypotheses is analyzed and found to be sound in principle, but requiring modification in certain specifics. Refinements and modifications relative to problems of scale, ‘center-specificity’, directionality, and spatial-temporal resolution are explained and demonstrated through empirical reanalysis of Casetti et al.'s original data, and also a case study of intraurban Milwaukee as a growth-center analog.

scholarly journals Increasing the accuracy and temporal resolution of two-filter radon–222 measurements by correcting for the instrument response

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2689-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Griffiths ◽  
Scott D. Chambers ◽  
Alastair G. Williams ◽  
Sylvester Werczynski
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Slow Time ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Convective Boundary ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Instrument Response

Abstract. Dual-flow-loop two-filter radon detectors have a slow time response, which can affect the interpretation of their output when making continuous observations of near-surface atmospheric radon concentrations. While concentrations are routinely reported hourly, a calibrated model of detector performance shows that ∼ 40 % of the signal arrives more than an hour after a radon pulse is delivered. After investigating several possible ways to correct for the detector's slow time response, we show that a Bayesian approach using a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler is an effective method. After deconvolution, the detector's output is redistributed into the appropriate counting interval and a 10 min temporal resolution can be achieved under test conditions when the radon concentration is controlled. In the case of existing archived observations, collected under less ideal conditions, the data can be retrospectively reprocessed at 30 min resolution. In one case study, we demonstrate that a deconvolved radon time series was consistent with the following: measurements from a fast-response carbon dioxide monitor; grab samples from an aircraft; and a simple mixing height model. In another case study, during a period of stable nights and days with well-developed convective boundary layers, a bias of 18 % in the mean daily minimum radon concentration was eliminated by correcting for the instrument response.

scholarly journals The exercise pressor response to indoor rock climbing

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-409
Author(s):  
Nigel A. Callender ◽  
Peter W. Hart ◽  
Girish M. Ramchandani ◽  
Parminder S. Chaggar ◽  
Andrew J. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Arterial Catheter ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Training Exercises

This case study provides original data on the exercise pressor response to indoor rock climbing and associated training exercises through the use of an indwelling femoral arterial catheter. Our subjects exhibited systolic/diastolic blood pressures that exceeded values often reported during upper-limb resistance exercise. Our data extend the understanding of the cardiovascular stress associated with indoor rock climbing.

scholarly journals Revolutionary Homophobia: Explaining State Repression against Sexual Minorities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1459-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Tschantret
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Original Data ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Strategic Incentives ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
Domestic Instability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhy do unthreatening social groups become targets of state repression? Repression of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people is especially puzzling since sexual minorities, unlike many ethnic minorities, pose no credible violent challenge to the state. This article contends that revolutionary governments are disproportionately oppressive toward sexual minorities for strategic and ideological reasons. Since revolutions create domestic instability, revolutionaries face unique strategic incentives to target ‘unreliable’ groups and to demonstrate an ability to selectively punish potential dissidents by identifying and punishing ‘invisible’ groups. Moreover, revolutionary governments are frequently helmed by elites with exclusionary ideologies – such as communism, fascism and Islamism – which represent collectivities rather than individuals. Elites adhering to these views are thus likely to perceive sexual minorities as liberal, individualistic threats to their collectivist projects. Statistical analysis using original data on homophobic repression demonstrates that revolutionary governments are more likely to target LGBT individuals, and that this effect is driven by exclusionary ideologues. Case study evidence from Cuba further indicates that the posited strategic and ideological mechanisms mediate the relationship between revolutionary government and homophobic repression.

Semantic Enrichment of Linked Personal Authority Data: A Case Study of Elites in Late Imperial China

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Shu-Jiun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Semantic Enrichment ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
The Relationship

The study uses the Database of Names and Biographies (DNB) as an example to explore how in the transformation of original data into linked data, semantic enrichment can enhance engagement in digital humanities. In the preliminary results, we have defined instance-based and schema-based categories of semantic enrichment. In the instance-based category, in which enrichment occurs by enhancing the content of entities, we further determined three types, including: 1) enriching the entities by linking to diverse external resources in order to provide additional data of multiple perspectives; 2) enriching the entities with missing data, which is needed to satisfy the semantic queries; and, 3) providing the entities with access to an extended knowledge base. In the schema-based categories that enrichment occurs by enhancing the relations between the properties, we have identified two types, including: 1) enriching the properties by defining the hierarchical relations between properties; and, 2) specifying properties’ domain and range for data reasoning. In addition, the study implements the LOD dataset in a digital humanities platform to demonstrate how instances and entities can be applied in the full texts where the relationship between entities are highlighted in order to bring scholars more semantic details of the texts.

Assessment of performance using MPSS based DEA

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhadip Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Strategy ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Most Productive Scale Size ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Identification of the best school among other competitors is done using a new technique called most productive scale size based data envelopment analysis (DEA). The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – A non-central principal component analysis is used here to create a new plane according to the constant return to scale. This plane contains only ultimate performers. Findings – The new method has a complete discord with the results of CCR DEA. However, after incorporating the ultimate performers in the original data set this difference was eliminated. Practical implications – The proposed frontier provides a way to identify those DMUs which follow cost strategy proposed by Porter. Originality/value – A case study of six schools is incorporated here to identify the superior school and also to visualize gaps in their performances.

Using the GOES-16 Split Window Difference to Detect a Boundary prior to Cloud Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 1541-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Lindsey ◽  
Dan Bikos ◽  
Lewis Grasso
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Operational Forecast ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Local Water

AbstractGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16) was launched into geostationary orbit in late 2016 and began providing unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution imagery early in 2017. Its Advanced Baseline Imager has additional spectral bands including two in the “clear” window and “dirty window” portion of the infrared spectrum, and the difference of these two bands, sometimes called the split window difference, provides unique information about low-level water vapor. Under certain conditions, low-level convergence along a boundary can cause local water vapor pooling, and the signal of this pooling can sometimes be detected by GOES-16 prior to any cloud formation. This case study from 15 June 2017 illustrates how the technique might be used in an operational forecast setting. A boundary in western Kansas was detected using the split window difference more than 2 h before the first cloud formed.

scholarly journals Quality Indicators for Statistical Disclosure Methods: A Case Study on the Structure of Earnings Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Templ
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Utility ◽  
High Data ◽  
Disclosure Risk ◽  
Statistical Disclosure ◽  
Context Data ◽  
Statistical Agencies ◽  
Utility Measures

Abstract Scientific- or public-use files are typically produced by applying anonymisation methods to the original data. Anonymised data should have both low disclosure risk and high data utility. Data utility is often measured by comparing well-known estimates from original data and anonymised data, such as comparing their means, covariances or eigenvalues. However, it is a fact that not every estimate can be preserved. Therefore the aim is to preserve the most important estimates, that is, instead of calculating generally defined utility measures, evaluation on context/data dependent indicators is proposed. In this article we define such indicators and utility measures for the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) microdata and proper guidelines for selecting indicators and models, and for evaluating the resulting estimates are given. For this purpose, hundreds of publications in journals and from national statistical agencies were reviewed to gain insight into how the SES data are used for research and which indicators are relevant for policy making. Besides the mathematical description of the indicators and a brief description of the most common models applied to SES, four different anonymisation procedures are applied and the resulting indicators and models are compared to those obtained from the unmodified data. The disclosure risk is reported and the data utility is evaluated for each of the anonymised data sets based on the most important indicators and a model which is often used in practice.

scholarly journals Sustainable Local Economic Development in Tanzania: Exploring Economic Challenges in Growing the Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihula P. Bishagazi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
The Government

The failure of macro-economic policies to deliver meaningful reductions in poverty and achieve basic needs in Tanzania has provoked a deep questioning of the relevance of economic growth center policies in Local Economic Development (LED). The government and development partners are increasingly shifting from the traditional top down approaches to the all-inclusive bottom up approaches for effective local development. The concept of sustainable Local Economic Development is thus examined in the context of economic activities and challenges using a case study of Shinyanga region in Tanzania. 

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