Hierarchical Aggregation Procedures for Interaction Data

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Masser ◽  
P J B Brown
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Hierarchical Aggregation ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Work Trip ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Zoning Systems

Hierarchical aggregation procedures for interaction data are considered in relation to the design of spatial systems for operational versions of interaction models. Two types of application are examined, in general terms and with reference to real situations. These deal with cases such as the delimitation of subsystems for hierarchical models where the objective is to maximise the proportion of intrazonal interaction, and cases such as the definition of internal zoning systems where an objective is to minimise the proportion of intrazonal interaction. The application of the intramax procedure is illustrated with reference to the identification of migration subsystems within Greater London and the definition of labour-market areas within Merseyside, while the application of the intramin procedure is demonstrated with respect to the design of an internal zoning system for a work-trip model of the Wirral subsystem within Merseyside.

Are Ethnic Entrepreneurs Social Innovators? Turkish Migrant Entrepreneurs in Salzburg

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
Heiko Berner
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Ethnic Business ◽  
Turkish Migrants ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ethnic Businesses

Social innovations are targeted measures that are capable to resolve social problems (Rammert 2010) and they are directed towards an improvement of the situation (Gillwald 2000). Finally, they are directed towards an amelioration of the situation (Gillwald 2000). In Austria it is argued that ethnic business represents a type of social innovation (Haberfellner 2000). The question the paper addresses is if and to what extent ethnic business goes hand in hand with social developments and possibly boosts social change. Entrepreneurs of Turkish origin in Salzburg are the focus of analysis. The paper starts with a definition of the term ‚social innovation‘ (1), the issues of ethnic vs. migrant business (2.), followed by the description of the labour market situation of Turkish migrants in Salzburg and discrimination in the labour market (3.), and, to to round up, the analysis of biographic interviews with Turkish entrepreneurs in Salzburg (4.). The preliminary results show that there exist social problems such as the lower socio-economic situation of Turkish migrants in Salzburg and discrimination in the labour market. These problems can be seen as basis for the need of social innovations. But nevertheless Turkish run ethnic businesses in a strict sense of the word are no social innovation because they do not act against the problems in an intended way; they rather work on their own account. They may overcome disadvantages on the labour market but their actions are not directed towards overcoming the problem per se. It is much rather a transintentional aspect (Schimank 2010), which goes beyond the economic interest of the actors.

scholarly journals Financial stability and local economic development: the experience of Italian labour market areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Barra ◽  
Roberto Zotti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRegulators should ensure the smooth functioning of the system and promote regional development. Making the health of financial institutions is therefore a prerequisite for a sustainable economic development. This paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between the financial stability and growth within the area of one country. This implies that institutional, legal, and cultural factors are more adequately controlled for and financial markets are more accurately bounded. Using a rich sample of Italian banks over the 2001–2012 period, this paper addresses whether different measures of financial distress affect economic development of labour market areas in Italy. Results show that the financial stability has a positive effect on local economic development, robust to alternative variables capturing financial vulnerability. The presence of spatial effects is tested showing that better financial conditions of the banking system in neighbouring areas have a detrimental effect on an area’s growth.

scholarly journals Defining and Characterising Clusters in Palaeolithic Sites: a Review of Methods and Constraints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sánchez-Romero ◽  
Alfonso Benito-Calvo ◽  
Joseba Rios-Garaizar
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Spatial Studies ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Fabric Analysis ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intentional Activities ◽  
Statistical Criteria

AbstractSpatial analysis studies in Palaeolithic archaeology arise as indispensable research tools for understanding archaeopalaeontological sites. In general terms, spatial studies have been specialised in the description of the distribution of materials and in the definition of accumulation areas, with the aim of distinguishing intentional activities or studying postdepositional processes. In recent decades, the development of GIS tools has enabled huge strides forward in the field of spatial archaeology research, such as spatial inferential statistics. These tools are particularly useful in the identification and location of clustering from statistical criteria, facilitating the subsequent analysis of accumulations through other archaeological, taphonomic and spatial techniques, such as fabric analysis or directional distribution. The cluster analysis, and its contextualisation considering all the archaeological and stratigraphical variables, allows the inference of some of the processes and factors that could have taken part in the accumulation of materials, as well as assessing how this affected the composition and preservation of the archaeological assemblage. The present article reviews the more traditional and innovative methods for studying horizontal distribution patterns and the objective definition of clusters, highlighting the parameters, uses and limitations of these techniques. We present an application of these methods to different Palaeolithic sites, going through different scenarios, such as location (open-air vs. cave), context, scale (large vs. small area), excavation methodology and spatial record methods.

Tautas deju definēšanas problemātika mūsdienās Latvijā

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Elīna Gailīte
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adaptation Field ◽  
Time Of Origin

The article “Problems of defining folk dance in Latvia today” examines the aspects that affect the current situation in Latvia, where folk dances are understood as both folk dances that have not been modified by choreographers, dances passed down through generations that can be danced every day, and stage folk dances, which are a type of art performed by folk dance ensembles, created by choreographers and dances adapted to the stage performance. The research aim is to identify and describe the problems that currently exist in the Latvian cultural space, where the definition of folk dances creates tension in the public space and ambiguous opinions among dancers. Nowadays, it is possible to identify such concepts as, for example, folk dance, ethnographic dance, authentic dance, traditional dance, folklore dance, folk dance, folk dance adaptation, field dance, folk ballet, etc. Consistent use of concepts is rarely seen in the documents and research of cultural policymakers and the historical and contemporary works of choreographers and researchers. Often they are only described in general terms. A survey conducted in 2019 shows that dancers consider stage folk dances to be folk dances, and often this separation of dances is not important for them. Another problem is the designation of folk dance ensembles where stage folk dance dancers are dancing. The term misleads; it suggests that folk dances are danced there. However, this designation is linked to its historical time of origin. It is not insignificant that the stage folk dance is more popular, more visible, and massively represented at the Song and Dance Festival. Thus, a part of the society associates it with our folk dances.

Intellectual Property: Theory, Privilege, and Pragmatism

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Trade Secret ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Property Theory ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Definition Of

In the most general terms, this article focuses on the tension between competing justifications of intellectual property. Section I examines the nature and definition of economic pragmatism and argues that, while economic pragmatism comes in many flavors, each is either unstable or self-defeating. Section II advances the view that Anglo-American systems of intellectual property have both theoretical and pragmatic features. In Section III a sketch of a theory is offered--a theory that may limit applications of economic pragmatism and provide the foundation for copyright, patent, and trade secret institutions. To be justified--to warrant coercion on a worldwide scale--systems of intellectual property should be grounded in theory. Intellectual property rights are, in essence, no different than our rights to life, liberty, and tangible property. Intellectual property rights are neither pure social constructions nor bargains without foundations.

scholarly journals Trauma Psychology

Psychology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Frazier ◽  
Emily Mischel Abramowski ◽  
Viann Nguyen-Feng ◽  
Addie Merians ◽  
McKenzie Kaubrys
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Modal Response ◽  
Definition Of

Trauma research often uses the definition of trauma in the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which in general terms involves experiencing a life-threatening event. Using this definition, the majority of individuals have experienced at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, with some demographic groups being at greater risk (e.g., sexual minorities). Nonetheless, many other kinds of events can be distressing besides those that meet the definition of trauma in the criteria for PTSD, including adverse childhood experiences, racial microaggressions, morally injurious events, and historical trauma. Much research on the effects of trauma also focuses on PTSD. This research shows that although most individuals experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, few (5 percent–10 percent) trauma-exposed individuals develop PTSD. Thus, research also has examined resilient outcomes following trauma exposure, defined as stable functioning following adversity. In the developmental literature, resilience refers to adequate long-term adaptation across life domains despite chronic childhood adversity whereas, in the adult trauma literature, resilience has been defined as having minimal symptoms posttrauma. Research in both child and adult samples suggests that resilience is the modal response to trauma and adversity. However, the conclusion that resilience is the modal response to adult trauma has recently come under criticism on methodological grounds. Finally, posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to reports of better functioning in various life domains posttrauma. Although such reports are common, this area of research also has been criticized on methodological grounds based on the finding that self-reported growth is tenuously related to actual pre- to posttrauma change. Because of the diversity of responses to trauma exposure, an important question concerns which factors predict better or poorer adjustment in response to traumatic events. These risk and protective factors include pretrauma, trauma-related, and posttraumatic characteristics. For example, female gender is a risk factor for PTSD partly because women are at greater risk of sexual violence, which is the trauma type that carries the highest PTSD risk. With regard to posttrauma factors, lack of social support is a particularly important risk factor. Progress has been made in terms of developing effective treatments for preventing and treating PTSD. In the immediate posttrauma phase, psychological debriefing (without emotional processing) is recommended. In the acute phase, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is recommended for the prevention of PTSD. CBT and exposure therapies are recommended for treating PTSD. Less is known about the promotion of resilience or PTG.

scholarly journals Unpacking Scientific Competence for Effective Integration in the Curriculum Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Napal Fraile ◽  
Ana María Mendióroz Lacambra ◽  
Alicia Peñalva Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Multimedia Resources ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Scientific Competence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Integration ◽  
Specific Definition ◽  
Selection Of

Educating for Sustainability involves promoting sustainable competences in students. Not in vain, wider societal changes that ensure a balance between economic growth, respect for the environment and social justice must start with individual actions, implying knowledge, capacity and willingness to act. However, and although there is wide consensus that education should promote the development of competences for life, putting this theoretical tenet into may entail more problems. Competence is most often expressed in general terms without a specific definition of the intervening elements (knowledge, skills, values, attitudes), which may collide with the necessity of teachers – as learning planners - concrete entities on which to base their process of design. So that, in this work we propose a series of indicators that serve to characterize the four dimensions of scientific competence – contents of science, contents about science, value of science and utility of science-. Although they are primarily intended to be used to filter multimedia resources in an educational platform, this proposal of indicators can be extrapolated to the management and selection of a variety of resources and activities, and for sharing the objectives and evidences for the acquisition of competencies.

Le esportazioni dei sistemi produttivi locali di piccole e medie imprese nel 2005: i risultati dell'utilizzo di nuove metodologie e fonti statistiche

2009 ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Natale Renato Fazio ◽  
Carmela Pascucci
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Local Systems ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Medium Enterprises

- This paper presents findings of a new methodology to attribute national exports to the Local Labour Market Area (LLMA). This methodology allows overcoming limitations due to the use of administrative units, i. e. provinces (NUTS 3), for foreign trade analysis. Methods The methodology is based on several Istat databases (Foreign Trade, Statistic Archive of Active Enterprises and Local Units Archive). In the first part of the work, sources and methodology are described, the second part is devoted to aggregated and macro-sectors results. Results The results show for 2005 that 37.5% of national exports of manufactured goods derived from local systems of small and medium enterprises. The analysis of the exporter enterprises in the 2005-2007 panel, shows that the contribution of these local systems grew slightly from 37.3% in 2005 to 37.5% in 2007. Conclusions The export performance analysis shows different results for Center-North and South LLMA. In southern regions, in spite of lower export activities, there are local systems with significant levels of performance on international markets.JEL: C81, F10, R11, R12Keywords: export, province of departure, microeconomic data, sectorial specialization, local labour market areas (LLMAS), industrial districts.Parole chiave: esportazioni, provincia di origine, dati microeconomici, specializzazione settoriale, sistema locale del lavoro, distretti industriali.

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