Changes in Transport Organisations within Southeast Asian Cities: Petty Producers to Statutory Corporations

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1559-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
South American ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Corporate Growth ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
And Performance ◽  
American Cities

A spate of studies of West European and North American cities have charted and interpreted the remarkable and rapid transformation of public transport since the early 19th century. The question arises as to whether the attempts to superimpose metropolitan culture via public transport structures in African, Asian, and Central and South American cities were as spectacular and speedy. Attention, in tackling this question, focuses upon the transfer of public transport technological — organisational structures to Southeast Asia since the 1860s. Rather than accept the transitional process of competition through oligopoly to state-monopoly as given, a test is made of whether the basic prerequisites of these phases can be sustained in a Southeast Asian context, from an analysis of core technologies and the structure, conduct, and performance of individual firms. Past corporate growth paths of urban public transport in Southeast Asia can then be mapped out and future directions suggested.

The Costs of Regularization in Southeast Asia

Contexts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Maryann Bylander
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global South ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
The State ◽  
Asian Context

In the Southeast Asian context, legal status is ambiguous; it enlarges some risks while lessening others. As is true in many contexts across the Global South, while documentation clearly serves the interest of the state by offering them greater control over migrant bodies, it is less clear that it serves the goals, needs, and well-being of migrants.

Levinas and the Responsibility to Provide in Southeast Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-178
Author(s):  
See Seng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Force ◽  
Communitarian Ethics ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
The Relationship

Firstly, this chapter introducesLevinas’ ‘responsibility for the other’ notion as an alternative to the liberal and communitarian conceptions of responsibility and sovereignty. Both liberal and communitarian ethics are problematic because of theirshared assumption that responsibility is first and foremost to the self. The chapter introduces key features of Levinas’ ethics – the place and role of hospitality, reciprocity and justice in the responsibility for the other. It also examines how friendly critiques by interlocutors(Derrida, Ricoeur, Caputo, etc.) help moderate Levinas’ idealism without necessarily taking things in overly pragmatic or realist directions or, worse, blunting its moral force. Secondly, the chapter assesses the relevance of Levinas’ ethics to the questions of responsible sovereignty and the R2Provide in Southeast Asia. With reference to the regional conduct described in Chapters 4, 5 and 6, it is argued that Levinas’ ideas redefine the terms of the relationship between responsible providers and their recipients in three key ways: one, our assumptions and expectations over one’s extension of hospitality to one’s neighbours; two, the rethinking of mutuality and reciprocity between providers and recipients; and three, the ways in which the considerations for justice play out within the Southeast Asian context are concerned.

scholarly journals Core health-components, contextual factors and program elements of community-based interventions in Southeast Asia – a realist synthesis regarding hypertension and diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinzi E. Pardoel ◽  
Sijmen A. Reijneveld ◽  
Robert Lensink ◽  
Vitri Widyaningsih ◽  
Ari Probandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Lifestyle Advice ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In Southeast Asia, diabetes and hypertension are on the rise and have become major causes of death. Community-based interventions can achieve the required behavioural change for better prevention. The aims of this review are 1) to assess the core health-components of community-based interventions and 2) to assess which contextual factors and program elements affect their impact in Southeast Asia. Methods A realist review was conducted, combining empirical evidence with theoretical understanding. Documents published between 2009 and 2019 were systematically searched in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and PsycINFO and local databases. Documents were included if they reported on community-based interventions aimed at hypertension and/or diabetes in Southeast Asian context; and had a health-related outcome; and/or described contextual factors and/or program elements. Results We retrieved 67 scientific documents and 12 grey literature documents. We identified twelve core health-components: community health workers, family support, educational activities, comprehensive programs, physical exercise, telehealth, peer support, empowerment, activities to achieve self-efficacy, lifestyle advice, activities aimed at establishing trust, and storytelling. In addition, we found ten contextual factors and program elements that may affect the impact: implementation problems, organized in groups, cultural sensitivity, synergy, access, family health/worker support, gender, involvement of stakeholders, and referral and education services when giving lifestyle advice. Conclusions We identified a considerable number of core health-components, contextual influences and program elements of community-based interventions to improve diabetes and hypertension prevention. The main innovative outcomes were, that telehealth can substitute primary healthcare in rural areas, storytelling is a useful context-adaptable component, and comprehensive interventions can improve health-related outcomes. This extends the understanding of promising core health-components, including which elements and in what Southeast Asian context.

INFLUENCE OF ROAD CONDITIONS ON THE OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY OF PUBLIC VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
M.G. KORCHAJKIN ◽  
◽  
G.S. CHIBUKHCHYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Quality Service ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Optimal Maintenance ◽  
Distribution Func ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Maintenance Personnel

Modern urban public transport should have: quality service, environmental and operational safety, high reliability and performance, a quality system of maintenance and repair, high profes-sionalism of drivers and maintenance personnel. The article discusses the features of the operation of public transport in Yerevan, the issues of improving operational reliability and adjusting the frequency of replacement of operational materials. Using the RSTAT software package, the statis-tics of failures and operating time of GAZEL minibuses (about 1400 pcs.) For Yerevan routes, characterized by a sharp relief contour and traffic intensity, were processed and their correspond-ence to the Weibull distribution was processed. The histograms and curves of the distribution func-tions of the failures of the gearboxes and the rear axles of the minibuses were constructed, and the optimal maintenance numbers and operating time values were determined.

scholarly journals An Economist’s Proposal for the Study of the Translation Profession in Southeast Asia

MANUSYA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Andy Lung Jan Chan
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
End Products ◽  
Canonical Literature ◽  
Asian Context

The translation profession in the Southeast Asia context has not been adequately investigated in a methodologically rigorous manner. One reason is the focus of Translation Studies scholars on textual end products, mostly of canonical literature. Another reason, perhaps more importantly, is the absence of an appropriate theoretical and conceptual framework (or the inadequacy of current paradigms) to look into the translation agents. This paper begins by reviewing the existing research work on the translation profession in the Southeast Asian context. Perhaps not surprisingly, there is not much, and some of the material found is casual and cursory discussion on personal weblogs and websites of translation companies. In view of this, I would suggest how economic science can be used as an analytical framework for studying the translators and various other stakeholders in the region and particularly how the translation profession can be investigated from macro, micro and meso levels. The last section of this paper points out some epistemological strengths and weaknesses of any such approach.

Communitarianism, Liberalism and the Limits of Responsibility in Southeast Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-152
Author(s):  
See Seng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asian Values ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
The One

This chapter assesses the pros and cons of adopting liberal or communitarian bases for the sovereign responsibility and the R2Provide in the Southeast Asian context. Italso discusses the philosophical and theoretical difficulties associated with both those approaches that render them inappropriate as grounds for a meaningful and relevant sovereign responsibility in Southeast Asia. Why soespecially since Southeast Asia reflects both liberal and communitarian attributes? On the one hand, although the region has experienced a level of democratisation, the persistence and prevalence of unresolved tensions and disputes over sovereignty among the region’s states have both underscored the continued relevance of the noninterference norm in their diplomacy and hindered their full acceptance of the liberally-based R2P. On the other hand, although various scholars have offered a communitarian apologia of illiberal societies and politics in Southeast Asia in the form of Asian values, any notion of communitarian sovereign responsibility is likely to be highly circumscribed by its inherent affinity to nationalism and realpolitik. Ultimately, the predisposition of both communitarianism and liberalism to the logics of autonomy and totalitarianism render them flawed choices as ethical paradigms on which to base sovereign responsibility.

scholarly journals Southeast Asian Islamic Art and Architecture: Re-Examining The Claim of the Unity and Universality of Islamic Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Lien Iffah Naf’atu Fina
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Local Tradition ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Geometric Designs ◽  
Artistic Tradition

This paper re-examines the claim of unity and universality of Islamic art, whose discussion usually disregards Islamic art and architecture in the Southeast Asian context. The question raised is where Islamic art in the Malay world should be put before the claim of the unity and universality of Islamic art and whether this claim is, thus, still valid. To meet this objective, the two heritages of Javanese Islamic art, Demak and Cirebon mosques and wayang, are presented and analyzed before such universal claim and pre-Islamic Javanese art. These Javanese expressions have unique features compared to those from the older Muslim world. The mosques lack geometric ornamentation and Qur’anic calligraphic decoration, and are rich with symbolism. However, both the mosques and wayang also clearly express the figurative designs. Thus, this paper argues that instead of geometric designs as the unified character of Islamic art as some argue, it should be the abstraction of motifs. This way, the universal claim of Islamic art accommodates the artistic expressions from the wider regions, including those from Southeast Asia. Besides the abstraction, these Javanese artistic expressions also shares other universal character of traditional development of Islamic art; its ability to always considering the local tradition while maintaining the basic principle of Islamic art. Javanese Islamic art is both Islamic and uniquely Javanese. In the midst of globalization and the contemporary tendency towards “Islamic authentication” by importing culture and tradition from the Middle East, including the mosque architecture, the latter character is vital. It tells that any direct import and implantation of other or foreign traditions to a certain region without any process of considering the local tradition and context has no basis and legitimation in Islamic artistic tradition.

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