Policy-Driven University – Industry Linkages and Regional Innovation Networks in Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Won Sohn ◽  
Hyungjoo Kim ◽  
Jeong Hyop Lee
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Networks Analysis ◽  
University Industry ◽  
University Industry Linkages

In this paper we examine the role of the Korean government in creating university – industry linkages and in promoting the role of universities as knowledge providers in regional innovation systems. We investigate the different types of universities' roles in the capital region of Seoul and in the noncapital regions. We argue that government policy is the main determinant that drives Korean universities to play the role of knowledge provider for industrial innovation. This policy has also brought about regional differences in the way universities participate in innovation activities in the capital region and outside the capital region. In the Korean context, universities in noncapital regions act as a backbone for creating and managing regional innovation networks as well as a close and easily accessible knowledge provider to local industry. However, universities in the capital region play the role of a close knowledge provider only to local industry, while corporate research and development centres are the key players in developing and managing innovation networks in the capital region. To arrive at our conclusions we use social networks analysis and government document analysis to demonstrate the structure of innovation networks and to analyze two types of universities' roles in the regional innovation networks of four Korean industrial clusters.

Amazon: A story of accumulation through intellectual rentiership and predation

2020 ◽  
pp. 102452942093241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Rikap
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
Predatory Strategy

This article elaborates on intellectual monopoly theory as a form of predation and rentiership using Amazon as a case study. By analysing Amazon’s financial statements, scientific publications and patents, we show that Amazon’s economic power heavily relies on its systematic innovations and capacity to centralize and analyse customized data that orients its business and innovations. We demonstrate how Amazon’s innovation activities have evolved over time with growing importance of technologies related to data and machine learning. We also map Amazon’s innovation networks with academic institutions and companies. We show how Amazon appropriates intellectual rents from these networks and from technological cooperation with other intellectual monopolies. We argue that Amazon, as other data-driven monopolies, predates value from suppliers and third-party companies participating in its platform. One striking characteristic of Amazon is the low rate of reported profits. The centrality of innovations leads us to suggest an alternative calculation that shows that Amazon’s profits are not as low as they appear in Annual Reports. We also argue that lower profits are coherent with Amazon’s rentiership and predatory strategy since they contribute to the avoidance of accusations of excessive market power. Finally, the paper offers preliminary observations on: (i) the complementarities between financial and intellectual rentierism and (ii) how data-driven intellectual monopoly expands big corporations’ political power. Going beyond the specific case of Amazon, we thus contribute to a better understanding of the role of lead firms and power dynamics within innovation networks.

scholarly journals Innovation System Reform in Indonesia and Vietnam: A new Role for Universities?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Baark
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
System Reform ◽  
University Industry ◽  
University Industry Linkages

<p>This paper introduces the importance of the role of universities in emerging economies such as Indonesia and Vietnam, underscoring the need for universities to contribute more extensively to the dynamic development of innovation systems. The theoretical approach is a functional analysis of innovation systems, identifying essential issues that call for recognition among policymakers and in society generally. Innovation systems in Indonesia and Vietnam share some weaknesses, particularly in comparison with innovation systems in more advanced countries. There is limited ability to mobilize the resources required for innovation, as the investment in research and development as percentage of GDP is relatively low and dominated by public funding with little contribution from private sources. Financial regulation for universities seriously hampers the development of university–industry linkages. It is essential that universities gain more autonomy in order to move beyond their current role in training of skilled human resources to providers of innovation.</p>

New Stage in Formation of Innovative Economy: Experience of France

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
N. Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Nicolas Sarkozy

The author eexamines the policy initiated by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and aimed at the development of innovation. This policy is reflected by the support of high-tech industries, by the creation of scientific-industrial clusters, by the development of regional innovation networks, by upgrading of higher education and scientific research. Altogether it is to raise the France’s competitive force and to turn it into one of the leading powers of the world.

scholarly journals Containers, facilitators, innovators? The role of cities and city employees in innovation activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teemu Makkonen ◽  
Maria Merisalo ◽  
Tommi Inkinen
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Innovation ◽  
Innovation Activities

Innovation has long been considered one of the key engines of economic growth, and patents as important incentives for research and development activity. Particularly in terms of intellectual property rights (IPR), however, little is known about how cities contribute to regional innovation: are they containers, facilitators or innovators? This is investigated here through empirical material derived from 27 interviews with top departmental management in three Finnish cities (Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa). The results show that local city governments (LCGs) consider cities as facilitators of innovation activities but also admit that there are limits (time constraints and lack of resources) to the influence of LCGs over the innovation environment. Still, many of the public sector innovations (especially social innovations) that do not necessarily have a clear market potential would not have been created without the active role of LCGs as innovators. City employees are innovative – the seeming lack of public sector innovation is actually a result of measurement issues that favour (patentable) technological innovations rather than those more common to LCGs, meaning service and organisational types. Therefore, LCGs can be seen as highly innovative organisations. There are, however, barriers to innovation in the public sector, such as the cost of innovation activity, the lack of incentives for it and a working culture that does not support it. Lastly, the results show that LCGs have not really fully considered the possibilities and potential of owning their own IPR; to be specific, potentially lucrative opportunities should be explored.

University-Industry Linkages and the Development of Knowledge Clusters in Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Doutriaux
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Cluster Growth ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
University Industry ◽  
University Industry Linkages ◽  
Government Laboratories

Research on Systems of Innovation has illustrated the role of local institutions and networks in regional development. This paper looks critically at Canada's 11 most active knowledge clusters and at the impact of university-industry co-operation on their development. It concludes that Canadian universities are more often a catalyst for development than a driver, government laboratories and industry being the primary factors leading to cluster growth and success.

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