Spatial Labor Markets and the Distribution of Transaction Costs

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Clark
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Job Matching ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Legal Case ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Market Transaction

Incomplete information regarding the location of job offers, their contractual conditions, and tenure prospects typifies US labor markets. Crises of spatial coordination and the allocation of labor demand and supply, amongst other issues, are argued to result from such uncertainties. Assisted-mobility and spatial job-matching programs have been promoted as solutions to problems of inadequate information. These programs, however, ignore the fact that uncertainty is part of any rule-oriented exchange process. These programs also neglect the power relations between employers and employees which structure and sustain labor-market transaction costs. The crucial issue is the distribution of transaction costs between contracting parties. These principles are applied to a recent legal case in Michigan involving interregional labor migration.

Accounting Labor Market Equilibrium: Explaining and Predicting Changes in Accounting Labor Demand and Supply

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Anderson ◽  
Gregory J. Gerard ◽  
Malcolm J. McLelland
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Demand And Supply

scholarly journals   Study on Chinese farmer cooperative economy organization and agricultural specialization

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yang ◽  
Z. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Market Transaction ◽  
Economics Model ◽  
Responsibility System ◽  
Cooperative Economy

 Under the background of the Chinese Household Contract Responsibility System (HCRS), farmers have to pay higher transaction costs and encounter a huge trading risk if they engage in agricultural production only through the market transaction. Since the special properties of agricultural production limit the formation and development of agricultural enterprises, farmer cooperative economy organizations with the main functional characteristics of transaction coordination begin to flourish. By building a new classical economics model, this paper demonstrates the theoretical assertion that the generation of a farmer cooperative economy organization is accompanied by the evolution of the division of labour, the improvement of farmers’ effectiveness and the development of agricultural specialization. Furthermore, this paper does an empirical analysis with the micro-survey data to verify this theoretical assertion. Therefore, this article effectively explains the generation condition of a farmer cooperative economy organization and the internal mechanism of how it promotes the development of agricultural specialization. So this paper provides a strong theoretical and practical evidence for the development of a farmer cooperative economy organization and agricultural specialization.    

Rethinking Labor Demand

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Phillip Brown
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Orthodox Theory ◽  
Investments In Education ◽  
And Training

This chapter turns to questions of labor demand at the heart of the new human capital. It rejects Gary Becker’s claim that orthodox theory offered an entirely new way of looking at labor markets, where the main focus is on labor scarcity and a skills competition, in which individuals, firms, and nations compete on differential investments in education and training. It also rejects David Autor’s claim that the issue is not that middle-class workers are doomed by automation and technology, but instead that human capital investment must be at the heart of any long-term strategy for producing skills that are complemented by rather than substituted for by technological change. The chapter argues that the new human capital rejects the view that demand issues can be resolved through a combination of technological and educational solutions. Rather a jobs lens is required to shed new light on changes in the occupational structure, transforming the way people capitalize on their education, along with the distribution of individual life chances.

Labor Markets of Japanese-Descended Workers and Foreign Trainees in Japan

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 387-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Okunishi ◽  
Tetsu Sano
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Job Placement ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Japanese Corporations

In the early 1990s, the inflow of two types of legal foreign workers, descendants of Japanese emigrants and foreign trainees, increased substantially, although the increase in the number of illegal workers was even greater. Exploitation of those in the first category has occurred partly because of inadequate information and illegal brokers but the structural cause is wage inequality between sending and receiving countries. Foreign trainees are often seen as disguised cheap labor which constitutes on important element in the survival strategies of Japanese corporations in the global economy. An improved job placement system, more vigorous methods to combat illegal recruitment, and policies to enhance the economic development of trainee-sending countries are recommended.

scholarly journals Will Southern Agriculture Play a Role in a Carbon Market?

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Zeuli ◽  
Jerry R. Skees
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Perverse Incentives ◽  
Market Transaction ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

AbstractWhile a carbon market offers substantial opportunities for US agriculture, regional differences in such a market are often ignored. This paper focuses on the advantages and challenges for agriculture in the South. The potential of two promising options are analyzed: conversion from cropland to forests and greater use of conservation tillage. It is argued that the right institutional arrangements can overcome three fundamental challenges to an efficient carbon market: transaction costs, risk, and perverse incentives. Some examples are given, such as the use of a farmer-owned organization and the provision of land use and carbon information by the government.

Legal Change and Water Market Transaction Costs in Colorado

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Womble ◽  
W. Michael Hanemann
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Water Market ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
Market Transaction

Emerging market transaction costs: Evidence from Indonesia

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Bonser-Neal ◽  
David Linnan ◽  
Robert Neal
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Market Transaction

A Dynamical Model of Labor-Market Change in International Labor Migrations When Demand for Labor is Exogenous

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
P V Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Market Change ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Labor Migrations ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Long Run ◽  
International Labor

Relatively little is known about the long-run behavior of international labor migrations. One of the biggest concerns in immigration debates relates to the continued pressure on the borders of the wealthy countries. This immigration pressure will decline significantly only if the poor nations manage to provide more high-wage jobs. An earlier model of international labor migration is used to derive additional insights into the growth and decline of labor supply in different labor markets resulting from migration. Particular attention is paid to labor demand growth requirements in a sending country so that out-migration will slow down and eventually stop.

scholarly journals Immigrants Equilibrate Local Labor Markets: Evidence from the Great Recession

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Cadena ◽  
Brian K. Kovak
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Employment Probabilities

This paper demonstrates that low-skilled Mexican-born immigrants' location choices respond strongly to changes in local labor demand, which helps equalize spatial differences in employment outcomes for low-skilled native workers. We leverage the substantial geographic variation in labor demand during the Great Recession to identify migration responses to local shocks and find that low-skilled Mexican-born immigrants respond much more strongly than low-skilled natives. Further, Mexican mobility reduced the incidence of local demand shocks on natives, such that those living in metro areas with a substantial Mexican-born population experienced a roughly 50 percent weaker relationship between local shocks and local employment probabilities. (JEL E32, J15, J23, J24, J61, R23)

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