Season and plant type affect the response of rice yield to nitrogen fertilisation in a semi-arid tropical environment

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Borrell ◽  
A. L. Garside ◽  
S. Fukai ◽  
D. J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Semi Arid

Production of flooded direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in semi-arid tropical regions of northern Australia would be enhanced by increasing the efficiency of fertiliser nitrogen (N) use. Short-statured and early-maturing genotypes have replaced the taller and later genotypes in northern Australia, and they may respond differently to N. This paper reports the results of 4 experiments comparing the response of 3 rice genotypes differing in maturity and stature to 5 rates of applied nitrogen (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg/ha) over 4 seasons (2 wet and 2 dry seasons) in the Burdekin River Irrigation Area, northern Australia. Grain yield varied among seasons and was negatively correlated with average daily mean temperature during the 30-day period before anthesis. The response of yield to N fertilisation was generally higher in the dry season. Panicle number was correlated with grain yield in both seasons, yet responded to N fertilisation only in the dry season. In 3 of 4 experiments, grain yield responded to the application of up to 70 kg N/ha, yielding about 750 g/m2. In only 1 dry season experiment did grain yield respond to the application of 140 kg N/ha, yielding about 930 g/m2. In this experiment, the response of grain yield to N rate also varied among genotypes such that yield in the early-maturing genotypes (Newbonnet and Lemont) was more responsive to N rates above 70 kg/ha than in the late-maturing genotype (Starbonnet). Of the 3 genotypes examined, highest yields were attained in Newbonnet (early-maturing, medium-statured) by combining high total dry matter production with high harvest index, indicating that this plant type may have an advantage in northern Australia. Yields in Lemont (early-maturing, short-statured) and Starbonnet (late-maturing, tall-statured) were limited by dry matter production and harvest index, respectively. There is some evidence that increased dry matter production in Newbonnet compared with Lemont was related to increased stem length. The evidence linking high harvest index with increased earliness in Newbonnet compared with Starbonnet is less compelling.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC TRAITS EVALUATION IN IRRIGATED SORGHUM IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
AMADEU REGITANO NETO ◽  
RAFAEL DANTAS DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Semi Arid

Green and dry matter production, along with grain yield and otheragronomic traits, were assessed in 44 sorghum genotypes. Two sets of genotypes were formed based on known plant height, aiming to evaluate green and dry matter production and grain yield, as well as to separate forage and grain sorghum genotypes. The evaluations were performed based on experiments with three replications, being one irrigated (drip system) in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, and the other rainfed, in Nossa Senhora da Glória, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Sowing dates were July 30, 2016, in Nossa Senhora da Glória; July 13, 2017, and October 24, 2018, in Petrolina; with 117 and 128 days from sowing to harvest, respectively. Expressive forage production was observed in genotypes EP-17 and SF-11, which exceeded 120 t ha-1. BRS 506 produced 108 t ha-1, while 13F03(1141572), P-294, P-288, 2502 x 467, BRS Ponta Negra, and SF-15 presented green matter production ranging from 94 to 98.5 t ha-1. Dry matter production was highly correlated with green matter production, and SF-11 had the best performance of 45.5 t ha-1. The observed plant height was more expressive for forage sorghum genotypes, being this trait highly correlated with the green and dry matter. The best grain yield performance reached 13.4 and 10.3 t ha-1, values observed for 9910032 and BRS Ponta Negra, respectively. The results demonstrate the full adaptability of sorghum to the semi-arid environment and the feasibility to produce roughage and grains under irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

scholarly journals Performance study of some T. aman varieties under normal transplanting and double transplanting system

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
R Yasmeen ◽  
S Akter ◽  
T Halder ◽  
A Biswas ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Matter Production

The experiment was conducted to study the performance of three T. Aman varieties (BR22, BRRI dhan46 and BRRI dhan49) under normal transplanting with 30, 45 and 60 days old seedlings and double transplanting ( 30 days + 30 days) system at Plant Physiology Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during T. Aman season, 2013. Interaction effect was significant only for days to maximum flowering and sterility percentage. BR22 required longer duration to complete flowering when transplanted with 60 days old seedlings, while sterility percentage was higher in BRRIdhan 49 when transplanted with same aged seedlings. Photosynthetic rate, LAI, total dry matter production, yield contributing characters and harvest index of tested varieties were insignificant under different transplanting methods; these parameters contributed to produce similar grain yield. The results revealed that rice varieties BR22, BRRI dhan46 and BRRI dhan49 showed similar performance under normal transplanting with different aged seedlings and double transplanting in respect of photosynthetic rate, tillering pattern, LAI, total dry matter production and grain yield during T. Aman season.SAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 37-45 (2016)

Growth and productivity of irrigated Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) in northern Australia. I. Plant density and arrangement effects on light interception and distribution, and grain yield, in the hybrid Texas 610SR in low and medium latitudes

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Muchow ◽  
DB Coates ◽  
GL Wilson ◽  
MA Foale
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The influence of plant arrangement and density on yield of the grain sorghum hybrid Texas 610SR grown as an irrigated dry season crop in the Ord Irrigation Area (lat. 16�S) was determined. Neither the rate of dry matter production nor the pattern of partitioning of dry matter during grain-filling varied between treatments, and grain yield was unresponsive to row spacings below 75 cm and densities above 267000 plants ha-1. The results were analysed by considering the effect of radiation interception and distribution in the canopy on dry matter production. The opportunity was then taken to compare this trial, and two others conducted at the same low latitude where grain yield was unresponsive to density, with four trials conducted at higher latitudes (27�S.) where Texas 610SR was very responsive to density. The effect is shown to be associated with radiation penetration into canopies. In the low latitude trials the poorer penetration of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) into high density stands could have resulted from lack of structural adjustment of the canopy, in contrast to the experience at medium latitude. Equally, there may have been an effect of lower solar angles at low latitude, resulting in the poorer PAR distribution. The consequence was a failure of response of dry matter production to increasing density, reflected in grain yield.

EFFECTS OF WATER AVAILABILITY AND VINE HARVESTING FREQUENCY ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SWEET POTATO IN SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE. IV. RADIATION INTERCEPTION, DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND PARTITIONING

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. GOMES ◽  
M. K. V. CARR ◽  
G. R. SQUIRE
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Matter Production

In Mozambique, the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is grown both as a leafy vegetable, the terminal shoots or vines being progressively harvested during the season, and as a root crop. It is produced in the dry season, in areas with a high water table or with irrigation, and in the rainy season. This paper reports the results of measurements made during the 1995 dry season to evaluate the effects of water availability and the frequency of vine harvesting on the processes of radiation interception, dry matter production and partitioning. An irrigated crop (cv. TIS 2534) with a single, end of season vine-harvest (H1) intercepted 71% of the total solar radiation, reducing to 52% with weekly (H4) harvests. The corresponding values for a rain-fed crop were 33 and 20% respectively. When the leaf area index (L) exceeded 3–4, virtually full interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) occurred, except when frequent vine-harvests modified the architecture of the leaf canopy. The extinction coefficient (k, PAR) was highly variable: at a given leaf area, interception was greatest earlier in the season, with infrequent harvests and with irrigation. Total dry matter production (vines, foliage and storage roots), over a period of 161 days, reached 23 t ha−1 in the single harvest (H1), irrigated crop, less when the vines were harvested weekly (H4). The corresponding value for the rain-fed crop, which was able to resume active growth immediately after a rainfall event, following a prolonged dry period, was 7 t ha−1. The efficiency of conversion of PAR into dry matter (εs) was 2.74 g MJ−1 in the irrigated treatments combined, decreasing to around 73% of this without irrigation. The value of εs appeared not to be influenced by dry air or high temperatures. The reduction in εs due to drought was less than the corresponding reduction in intercepted PAR. Increasing the frequency of vine harvests increased the partitioning of assimilates to vines. Irrigation had similar effects early in the season, but afterwards it encouraged preferential growth of the storage roots. The end of season harvest index (h) for vines increased with harvesting frequency from, for example, 0.08 (H1) to 0.38 (H4) in the irrigated crop. By comparison, irrigation increased ‘h’ for storage roots from 0.24 (rain-fed) to 0.57 in the H1 treatment. The total harvest index (vines plus roots) increased with the number of vine harvests from 0.32 (H1) to 0.55 (H4) in the rain-fed crop, and from 0.62 (H1) to 0.72 (H4) in the irrigated crop. Clearly, ‘h’ is not a conservative parameter in the sweet potato, but is sensitive to crop management practices and to soil water availability.

Field studies on the growth and development of winter wheat

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Matter Production

SUMMARYThe effects of variety, plant density and time of N application on the yield and yield components of winter wheat were investigated in factorial experiments during 1977–8 and 1978–9, at Sutton Bonington. Armada produced substantially fewer vegetative tillers/m2 but the number of ears/m2, from anthesis onwards, was similar to that of Maris Huntsman. The effects of the time of N application on tiller production and survival differed between the 2 years and may have been related to the amount of residual N in the soil. A linear relationship was found between the number of tillers/m2 which died and the maximum number of tillers/m2.Kador produced a lower grain yield than Armada or Maris Huntsman, owing to a combination of lower ratio of grain D.M. to total above-ground D.M. (harvest index) and lower total dry-matter production. Armada produced a higher grain yield than Maris Huntsman in response to earlier application of N. Grain yield was less variable when final plant densities were greater than 200/m2.Grain yield was not particularly well related to individual yield components but showed a good linear relationship with number of grains/m2. Grain yield was also linearly related to total dry-matter production, with treatment effects on harvest index being relatively small. The results indicate that factors which influenced crop growth during grain site development were relatively more important than the factors affecting subsequent grain filling.

Dry Matter Production and Rate of Change of Harvest Index at High Temperature in Peanut

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Q. Craufurd ◽  
P. V. Vara Prasad ◽  
R. J. Summerfield
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production

Changes in the hay production and the harvest index of Australian oat varieties

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Sims
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production

The hay and grain yields of oat varieties currently widely grown in Australia have been compared with the old standard variety Algerian. The increased yield of the newer varieties is due almost entirely to increased grain : hay ratios (harvest index) and not to any increase in dry matter production. Only one variety in the study showed a significant improvement in dry matter production and, in this, the grain : hay ratio (harvest index) was not significantly altered.

Growth and yield studies of Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Boundy ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of serial planting on dry matter production, leaf area, grain yield and yield components cf Lupinus angustifoiius (cvv. Uniwhite, Uniharvest and Unicrop) and L. albus (cv. Ultra) was investigated in field plots at Rutherglen in 1973 and 1974. Delayed planting reduced dry matter production of all cultivars, and leaf area for Ultra. Differences in dry matter partitioning were observed between the late flowering Uniharvest, and the early flowering Unicrop and Ultra. In Uniharvest, delayed plantings resulted in a greater proportion of total dry matter being produced during the flowering phase, whereas the reverse was true for Unicrop and Ultra. The later flowering cultivars showed marked grain yield and yield component reduction with later sowing. Yields were reduced by 160.6 kg/ha and 222.5 kg/ha for each week's delay in sowing Uniharvest and Uniwhite, respectively. This effect was offset in the early flowering cultivars by greater development of lateral branches. In addition, when Unicrop and Ultra were planted in April, pod and flower abortion on the main stem resulted from low temperatures at flowering time. Optimum sowing time was early April for Uniwhite and Uniharvest, and early May for Unicrop and Ultra. Excellent vegetative growth under ideal moisture conditions highlighted the poor harvest indices of lupins and the scope for genetic improvement in the genus.

The growth and yield of uniculm and tillered barley over a range of sowing rates

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute

The growth and yield of two lines of uniculm barley, WID-103 and WID-105, were compared over a range of sowing rates (50-400 kg/ha) with the commercial varieties Galleon and Schooner. The experiments were conducted at Strathalbyn, S.A., in 1986, 1987 and 1988 and at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in 1987. A third tillered variety, Clipper, was included in the comparison in 1988. Over the three years plant populations measured early in the season ranged from 39/m2 to 709/m2, and grain yields from 97 to 41 1 g/m2. Dry matter production at ear emergence increased with greater plant density, and both the tillered varieties and the uniculm lines showed similar responses to higher sowing rates. At maturity, dry matter production of the tillered barleys was greater than or equal to that of the uniculms and the harvest indices (HIs) of the two types were similar. Consequently, grain yields of the tillered types were greater than or equal to the yields of the uniculms. Over the four experiments the tillered varieties had a 6% higher yield. The number of ears/m2 was the yield component most affected by plant density in both the tillered and uniculm barleys. The uniculm lines had more spikelets/ear, but tended to set fewer grains/spikelet and produce smaller kernels. The experiments failed to demonstrate any advantage of the uniculm habit to the grain yield of barley. These results differ from previous experiments that showed that a uniculm line, WID-101, had a higher yield than the tillered variety Clipper. It is suggested that the uniculm habit per se was not the cause of this higher yield, but its higher HI resulted in it outyielding Clipper. Current varieties, however, have HIs similar to the uniculm lines and yield equally to or more than the uniculm barleys examined. To further improve the grain yield of uniculm barley, greater dry matter production is necessary as the HIs of these lines are already high.

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