The growth and yield of uniculm and tillered barley over a range of sowing rates

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute

The growth and yield of two lines of uniculm barley, WID-103 and WID-105, were compared over a range of sowing rates (50-400 kg/ha) with the commercial varieties Galleon and Schooner. The experiments were conducted at Strathalbyn, S.A., in 1986, 1987 and 1988 and at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in 1987. A third tillered variety, Clipper, was included in the comparison in 1988. Over the three years plant populations measured early in the season ranged from 39/m2 to 709/m2, and grain yields from 97 to 41 1 g/m2. Dry matter production at ear emergence increased with greater plant density, and both the tillered varieties and the uniculm lines showed similar responses to higher sowing rates. At maturity, dry matter production of the tillered barleys was greater than or equal to that of the uniculms and the harvest indices (HIs) of the two types were similar. Consequently, grain yields of the tillered types were greater than or equal to the yields of the uniculms. Over the four experiments the tillered varieties had a 6% higher yield. The number of ears/m2 was the yield component most affected by plant density in both the tillered and uniculm barleys. The uniculm lines had more spikelets/ear, but tended to set fewer grains/spikelet and produce smaller kernels. The experiments failed to demonstrate any advantage of the uniculm habit to the grain yield of barley. These results differ from previous experiments that showed that a uniculm line, WID-101, had a higher yield than the tillered variety Clipper. It is suggested that the uniculm habit per se was not the cause of this higher yield, but its higher HI resulted in it outyielding Clipper. Current varieties, however, have HIs similar to the uniculm lines and yield equally to or more than the uniculm barleys examined. To further improve the grain yield of uniculm barley, greater dry matter production is necessary as the HIs of these lines are already high.

Growth and yield studies of Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Boundy ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of serial planting on dry matter production, leaf area, grain yield and yield components cf Lupinus angustifoiius (cvv. Uniwhite, Uniharvest and Unicrop) and L. albus (cv. Ultra) was investigated in field plots at Rutherglen in 1973 and 1974. Delayed planting reduced dry matter production of all cultivars, and leaf area for Ultra. Differences in dry matter partitioning were observed between the late flowering Uniharvest, and the early flowering Unicrop and Ultra. In Uniharvest, delayed plantings resulted in a greater proportion of total dry matter being produced during the flowering phase, whereas the reverse was true for Unicrop and Ultra. The later flowering cultivars showed marked grain yield and yield component reduction with later sowing. Yields were reduced by 160.6 kg/ha and 222.5 kg/ha for each week's delay in sowing Uniharvest and Uniwhite, respectively. This effect was offset in the early flowering cultivars by greater development of lateral branches. In addition, when Unicrop and Ultra were planted in April, pod and flower abortion on the main stem resulted from low temperatures at flowering time. Optimum sowing time was early April for Uniwhite and Uniharvest, and early May for Unicrop and Ultra. Excellent vegetative growth under ideal moisture conditions highlighted the poor harvest indices of lupins and the scope for genetic improvement in the genus.

Effects of soil properties on variation in growth, grain yield and nutrient concentration of wheat and barley

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Matter Production

High spatial and temporal variability is an inherent feature of dryland cereal crops over much of the southern cereal zone. The potential limitations to crop growth and yield of the chemical properties of the subsoils in the region have been long recognised, but there is still an incomplete understanding of the relative importance of different traits and how they interact to affect grain yield. Measurements were taken in a paddock at the Minnipa Agriculture Centre, Upper Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, to describe the effects of properties in the topsoil and subsoil on plant dry matter production, grain yield and plant nutrient concentrations in two consecutive years. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Worrakatta) was grown in the first year and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Barque) in the second. All soil properties except pH showed a high degree of spatial variability. Variability in plant nutrient concentration, plant growth and grain yield was also high, but less than that of most of the soil properties. Variation in grain yield was more closely related to variation in dry matter at maturity and in harvest index than to dry matter production at tillering and anthesis. Soil properties had a stronger relationship with dry matter production and grain yield in 1999, the drier of the two years. Colwell phosphorus concentration in the topsoil (0–0.15 m) was positively correlated with dry matter production at tillering but was not related to dry matter production at anthesis or with grain yield. Subsoil pH, extractable boron concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) were closely related. The importance of EC and soil extractable boron to grain yield variation increased with depth, but EC had a greater influence than the other soil properties. In a year with above-average rainfall, very little of the variation in yield could be described by any of the measured soil variables. The results suggest that variation in EC was more important to describing variation in yield than variation in pH, extractable boron or other chemical properties.

Effect of seed source and seed phosphorus content on the growth and yield of wheat in north-eastern Victoria

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Burnett ◽  
P. J. Newton ◽  
D. R. Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
P Content ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Early Seedling

Summary. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed was grown at 2 locations differing in phosphorus (P) status (low and high) in north-eastern Victoria (36°S, 146°E), with applied superphosphate (kg P/ha: 0, 12, 24, 100 and 200), to produce seed of different P content. This seed was used in field and glasshouse experiments in 1993 and 1994 to investigate the effects of seed source and P content on the growth and yield of wheat. Wheat seed grown at the low P status site was smaller than seed grown at the high P status site, irrespective of the amount of applied P. Seed from the low P status site produced less early dry matter in both field and glasshouse experiments in 1993, but there was no effect of seed source on grain yield in either experiment. High seed P content either had no effect or reduced seedling emergence in the field experiments. In the glasshouse, low P content in seed from the low P status site resulted in reduced emergence. Increases in dry matter production and grain yield with higher seed P content were only observed in the drought season of 1994. Application of P resulted in increased emergence, dry matter production and grain yield at most seed P content levels but there were no significant interactions between seed P content and applied P. Application of N did not affect dry matter production in either year, but increased grain protein in both years and grain yield in 1993. Seed from low P status environments can affect early seedling growth but in average growing seasons, or in glasshouse conditions, wheat growth compensates so that differences in grain yield are not observed. However, in order to avoid risk of poor early seedling growth and possible yield penalties when the crop is stressed, wheat seed should be collected from adequate soil P status sites.

scholarly journals Physiological and Agronomic Strategies to Increase Mungbean Yield in Climatically Variable Environments of Northern Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashvir S. Chauhan ◽  
Rex Williams
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Variable Environments

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Australia has been transformed from a niche opportunistic crop into a major summer cropping option for dryland growers in the summer-dominant rainfall regions of Queensland and New South Wales. This transformation followed stepwise genetic improvements in both grain yields and disease resistance. For example, more recent cultivars such as ‘Crystal’, ‘Satin II’ and ‘Jade-AU‘  have provided up to a 20% yield advantage over initial introductions. Improved agronomic management to enable mechanised management and cultivation in narrow (<50 cm) rows has further promised to increase yields. Nevertheless, average yields achieved by growers for their mungbean crops remain less than 1 t/ha, and are much more variable than other broad acre crops.  Further increases in yield and crop resilience in mungbean are vital. In this review, opportunities to improve mungbean have been analysed at four key levels including phenology, leaf area development, dry matter accumulation and its partitioning into grain yield. Improving the prediction of phenology in mungbean may provide further scope for genetic improvements that better match crop duration to the characteristics of target environments. There is also scope to improve grain yields by increasing dry matter production through the development of more efficient leaf canopies. This may introduce additional production risks as dry matter production depends on the amount of available water, which varies considerably within and across growing regions in Australia. Improving crop yields by exploiting photo-thermal sensitivities to increase dry matter is likely a less risky strategy for these variable environments. Improved characterisation of growing environments using modelling approaches could also better define and identify the risks of major abiotic constraints. This would assist in optimising breeding and management strategies to increase grain yield and crop resilience in mungbean for the benefit of growers and industry.

Growth and productivity of irrigated Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) in northern Australia. I. Plant density and arrangement effects on light interception and distribution, and grain yield, in the hybrid Texas 610SR in low and medium latitudes

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Muchow ◽  
DB Coates ◽  
GL Wilson ◽  
MA Foale
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The influence of plant arrangement and density on yield of the grain sorghum hybrid Texas 610SR grown as an irrigated dry season crop in the Ord Irrigation Area (lat. 16�S) was determined. Neither the rate of dry matter production nor the pattern of partitioning of dry matter during grain-filling varied between treatments, and grain yield was unresponsive to row spacings below 75 cm and densities above 267000 plants ha-1. The results were analysed by considering the effect of radiation interception and distribution in the canopy on dry matter production. The opportunity was then taken to compare this trial, and two others conducted at the same low latitude where grain yield was unresponsive to density, with four trials conducted at higher latitudes (27�S.) where Texas 610SR was very responsive to density. The effect is shown to be associated with radiation penetration into canopies. In the low latitude trials the poorer penetration of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) into high density stands could have resulted from lack of structural adjustment of the canopy, in contrast to the experience at medium latitude. Equally, there may have been an effect of lower solar angles at low latitude, resulting in the poorer PAR distribution. The consequence was a failure of response of dry matter production to increasing density, reflected in grain yield.

Effects of plant population density and rectangularity on the growth and yield of poppies (Papaver somniferum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Total Head ◽  
Plant Population Density

SUMMARYGrowth, yield and incidence of lodging of poppies were studied in Tasmania at 10–200 plants/m2 and at nominal rectangularities (within-row: between-row spacing) ranging from 1:1 to 10:1. In 1983/84 and 1988/89, there were asymptotic relationships between plant population density and both total dry-matter production and total head (capsule plus seed) yield at maturity. In 1983/84, a season with above-average wind, the incidence of lodging increased as density increased to > 50 plants/m2; morphine concentration decreased as density increased to > 100 plants/m2. This resulted in parabolic relationships between yield of erect (machine-harvestable) heads and yield of morphine from erect heads with plant density, the maximum morphine yield from erect heads being achieved at 70 plants/m2. In 1988/89, a season with below-average wind, the effects of lodging were less severe at high densities and the components of ‘erect’ yield were adequately fitted by an asymptotic function. Rectangularity of 1:1 gave higher total dry matter production, total head yield, yield of erect heads and morphine yield from erect heads than 4:1 and 10:1. Since calm conditions similar to those of 1988/89 occur only once in every 4 years, growers should be encouraged to establish c. 70 plants/m2. As most commercial crops in Tasmania are drilled in 150–175 mm rows, growing at 70 plants/m2 to maximize the effect of plant density would also approximate to the ideal rectangularity (2:1 in this case).

Effect of plant population on growth and yield of soya bean(Glycine max)

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Matter Production

SummaryIn soya beans (var. 3H55F4/149/1) grown in Tanzania, the total dry matter per plant, pod weight/stem weight, shelling percentage, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, percentage number of nodes with pods, number of filled pods per plant, number of branches per plant, and grain weight from side branches decreased with increase in plant density from 74 to 111, 222, and 444 thousand plants per hectare. Grain yield per hectare decreased by 38, 51, and 72% respectively with the increases in plant population, but yield of total dry matter per hectare showed a significant increase with density. Crop growth rate increased with increasing leaf area, which in turn increased with increasing plant density. Relative growth rate, however, decreased with rising population. Over the range of the densities studied grain yield was positively related to number of side branches but negatively related to dry-matter production, leaf area duration and percentage of light intercepted. The proportion of dry matter accumulated in the pods and side branches decreased with increase in population, whereas the proportion accumulated in the main stem increased. Light seems to be the major factor controlling grain yield in this variety of soya bean, low light intensity under the plant leading to a reduction in the number of side branches, number of pods per plant and number of nodes with pods.

Field studies on the growth and development of winter wheat

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Matter Production

SUMMARYThe effects of variety, plant density and time of N application on the yield and yield components of winter wheat were investigated in factorial experiments during 1977–8 and 1978–9, at Sutton Bonington. Armada produced substantially fewer vegetative tillers/m2 but the number of ears/m2, from anthesis onwards, was similar to that of Maris Huntsman. The effects of the time of N application on tiller production and survival differed between the 2 years and may have been related to the amount of residual N in the soil. A linear relationship was found between the number of tillers/m2 which died and the maximum number of tillers/m2.Kador produced a lower grain yield than Armada or Maris Huntsman, owing to a combination of lower ratio of grain D.M. to total above-ground D.M. (harvest index) and lower total dry-matter production. Armada produced a higher grain yield than Maris Huntsman in response to earlier application of N. Grain yield was less variable when final plant densities were greater than 200/m2.Grain yield was not particularly well related to individual yield components but showed a good linear relationship with number of grains/m2. Grain yield was also linearly related to total dry-matter production, with treatment effects on harvest index being relatively small. The results indicate that factors which influenced crop growth during grain site development were relatively more important than the factors affecting subsequent grain filling.

scholarly journals Total dry matter production of potato, mungbean and t. aman rice as influenced by nutrient management of potato-mungbean-t. aman rice cropping pattern

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHS Jahan ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
M Salim ◽  
N Islam ◽  
TP Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ground Part

A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Wheat Research Centre (RWRC) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh for 2 consecutive years during 2006-07 and 2007-08 with the objective to find out the optimum nutrient management practice on total dry matter production (above ground part) of each component crop of potatomungbean- t. aman rice cropping pattern. Twelve nutrient management treatments were tested in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments were, T1=HYG (0-198-44-194-24-6-1.2), T2=MYG (0-140-34-138-18-4.5-0.9), T3=IPNS (10000-168-38-170-18-6-1.2), T4=STB (0-171-40-164-22-5-1), T5=FP (0-97-16- 91-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB, for potato; T1=HYG (0-24-40-48-24-3-1.2), T2=MYG (0-20-36- 40-20-2-1), T3=IPNS (5000-9-37-36-21-3-1.2), T4=STB (0-20-36-40-22-2-1), T5=FP (0-6-5-4-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI , T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for mungbean and T1=HYG (0-80-16-44-12-2-0), T2=MYG (0-56-12-32-8-1.5-0), T3=IPNS (5000-65-13-32-9-2-0), T4=STB (0- 68-15-37-11-2-0), T5=FP (0-39-37-12-0-0-0), T6=CON(0-0-0-0-0-0- 0),T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI,T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for t. aman rice. HYG treatment without or with crop residues incorporation produced the highest TDM in potato, mungbean and t. aman rice followed by IPNS and STB along with or without CRI. The lowest TDM was recorded in control plot without CRI. The increasing trend of TDM was observed in the crop residues incorporation plots than nonincorporation plots. It was observed that there were significant and positive linear relationship between TDM and yield of potao, mungbean, and t. aman rice at 60 DAP, 60 DAS, and 90 DAT, respectively, in both the years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20416 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 211-225, June 2014

Changes in the hay production and the harvest index of Australian oat varieties

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Sims
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production

The hay and grain yields of oat varieties currently widely grown in Australia have been compared with the old standard variety Algerian. The increased yield of the newer varieties is due almost entirely to increased grain : hay ratios (harvest index) and not to any increase in dry matter production. Only one variety in the study showed a significant improvement in dry matter production and, in this, the grain : hay ratio (harvest index) was not significantly altered.

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