Arc flash: a risk assessment and mitigation strategy

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Danny Norton ◽  
Dale Wright
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Safe Work ◽  
Arc Flash

Oil and gas facility managers are well aware that attention to detail saves lives and supports business continuity and reputation. Those tasked with stewardship of electrical assets will be aware of the need to protect their employees from the hazard of electrical arc flash and that it should be at the forefront of safety thinking. Complacency and lack of duty of care with this real and possibly un-quantified hazard can lead to fatalities. The primary solution to arc flash consequences in older installations has been the implementation of safe work procedures and personal protective equipment. While still valid, these solutions are the least effective options in the hierarchy of controls. SKM have developed a practical risk mitigation strategy that considers the hazards of prospective arc flash energy together with the cumulative effect of switchboard age, design, capability and condition. The strategy also considers the range of potential mitigation controls available through the mechanism of substitution and engineering design that focuses on reducing: The likelihood of an arc flash incident occurring; The likelihood of personnel exposure; and, The energy released should an incident occur. A structured arc flash risk assessment process can provide the asset owner the opportunity to rank individual switchboards for likelihood, consequence and risk, and thus provide direction for engineered remediation and capital expenditure. SKM proposes the way in which arc flash risk can be assessed, how appropriate layered mitigation measures might be selected, and how an asset owner may approach the issue of arc flash hazard mitigation to economically and reliably protect its employees.

Development of An Exposure Model for Bridge Structures in Northern Algeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Abarca ◽  
Ricardo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Northern Algeria ◽  
Bridge Structures

In recent years, the use of large scale seismic risk assessment has become increasingly popular to evaluate the fragility of a specific region to an earthquake event, through the convolution of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. These studies tend to focus on the building stock of the region and sometimes neglect the evaluation of the infrastructure, which has great importance when determining the ability of a social group to attend to a disaster and to eventually resume normal activities. This study, developed within the scope of the EU-funded project ITERATE (Improved Tools for Disaster Risk Mitigation in Algeria), focuses on the proposal of an exposure model for bridge structures in Northern Algeria. The proposed model was developed using existing national data surveys, as well as satellite information and field observations. As a result, the location and detailed characterization of a significant share of the Algeria roadway bridge inventory was developed, as well as the definition of a taxonomy that is able to classify the most common structural systems used in Algerian bridge construction. The outcome of this study serves as input to estimate the fragility of the bridge infrastructure inventory and, furthermore, to the overall risk assessment of the Northern Algerian region. Such fragility model will, in turn, enable the evaluation of earthquake scenarios at a regional scale and provide valuable information to decision makers for the implementation of risk mitigation measures.

Credit Risk Management of Commercial Banks in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Shreya Pradhan ◽  
Ajay K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
Credit Risk Assessment

The study is primarily focused on credit risk assessment practices in commercial banks on the basis of their internal efficiency, assessment of assets and borrower. The model of the study is based on the analysis of relationship between credit risk management practices, credit risk mitigation measures and obstacles and loan repayment. Based on a descriptive research approach the study has used survey-based primary data and performed a correlation analysis on them. It discovered that credit risk management practices and credit risk mitigation measures have a positive relationship with loan repayment, while obstacles faced by borrowers have no significant relationship with loan repayment. The study findings can provide good insights to commercial bank managers in analysing their model of credit risk management system, policies and practices, and in establishing a profitable and sustainable model for credit risk assessment, by setting a risk tolerance level and managing credit risks vis-a-vis the prevailing market competition.

Critical success factors for achieving environmental approvals

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Petrina Raitt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, industry has experienced increased regulatory scrutiny and public interest in the environmental approvals of oil and gas activities, with common challenges across industry in areas such as impact and risk assessment, stakeholder consultation and risk and impact reduction measure application. Some critical success factors for a project team to meet its targets for environmental approval are: • early planning • access to information • use of appropriately skilled resources. Environmental approvals take time, and scheduling and planning for their preparation and submission should be high on the list of priorities when planning a project. Understanding the regulatory process and knowing what level of information is required at each point is critical. Information to support environmental approvals is available in various forms, including referencing previous approval documentation, reviewing scientific literature and leveraging the skills and experience of project team members. With a common regulator across all offshore petroleum approvals, having ready access to the best and most up-to-date information is critical to meet their expectations. The impact and risk assessment process that underpins the environmental approval is complex and requires a step-by-step approach to establish context (both technical and environmental), identify and assess impacts and propose controls, all while seeking input from stakeholders and monitoring performance. Each of these tasks requires different skill sets, and the key to success is in recognising this and responding by finding the right combination of competency and experience in project team resources. This paper discusses these critical success factors and explores in detail the skill sets that best support impact and risk assessment and subsequent environmental approval for oil and gas activities in Australia.

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT: A PROPOSED SCHEME

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
H.B. Goff ◽  
R.K. Steedman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Environmental Risk Management ◽  
The Impact

Environmental risk assessment is becoming an increasingly important factor in the assessment process for new projects. The oil and gas industry is familiar with assessing and managing risks from a wide range of sources. In particular, risk assessment and management is fundamental to the evaluation and implementation of Safety cases. Risk assessment is essential in valuing exploration acreage. Various industry and government risk management standards and criteria have been developed for public and occupational health and safety.This paper examines the extension of these approaches to environmental risk management for the offshore oil and gas industry and proposes a conceptual management scheme.We regard risk as the probability of an event occurring and the consequences of that event. The risk is classified into four categories, namely:primary risk, which relates to the mechanical oilfield equipment;secondary risk, which relates to the natural transport processes. For example dispersion of oil in the water column and surrounding sea;the tertiary risk, which relates to the impact on some defined part of the physical, biological or social environment; andthe quaternary risk, which relates to the recovery of the environment from any impact.Generally the methods of quantitatively analysing primary and secondary risks are well known, while there remains considerable uncertainty surrounding the tertiary and quaternary risk and they are at best qualitative only. An example of the method is applied to coral reef and other sensitive areas which may be at risk from oil spills.This risk management scheme should assist both operators and regulators in considering complex environmental problems which have an inherent uncertainty. It also proves a systematic approach on which sound environmental decisions can be taken and further research and analysis based. Perceived risk is recognised, but the management of this particular issue is not dealt with.

scholarly journals A Behavioral Probabilistic Risk Assessment Framework for Managing Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Deployments

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1689-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Brito ◽  
Gwyn Griffiths ◽  
James Ferguson ◽  
David Hopkin ◽  
Richard Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Deep Diving

Abstract The deployment of a deep-diving long-range autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a complex operation that requires the use of a risk-informed decision-making process. Operational risk assessment is heavily dependent on expert subjective judgment. Expert judgments can be elicited either mathematically or behaviorally. During mathematical elicitation experts are kept separate and provide their assessment individually. These are then mathematically combined to create a judgment that represents the group view. The limitation with this approach is that experts do not have the opportunity to discuss different views and thus remove bias from their assessment. In this paper, a Bayesian behavioral approach to estimate and manage AUV operational risk is proposed. At an initial workshop, behavioral aggregation, that is, reaching agreement on the distributions of risks for faults or incidents, is followed by an agreed upon initial estimate of the likelihood of success of the proposed risk mitigation methods. Postexpedition, a second workshop assesses the new data and compares observed to predicted risk, thus updating the prior estimate using Bayes’ rule. This feedback further educates the experts and assesses the actual effectiveness of the mitigation measures. Applying this approach to an AUV campaign in ice-covered waters in the Arctic showed that the maximum error between the predicted and the actual risk was 9% and that the experts’ assessments of the effectiveness of risk mitigation led to a maximum of 24% in risk reduction.

scholarly journals Assessing Risk and Driving Risk Mitigation for First-of-a-Kind Advanced Reactors

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Risk Assessment Process ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Driving Risk

Planning and decision making amidst programmatic and technological risks represent significant challenges for projects. This presentation addresses the four-step risk assessment process needed to determine a clear path forward to mature needed technology and design, license, and construct advanced first-of-a-kind nuclear power plants, including Small Modular Reactors. This four-step process has been carefully applied to the Next Generation Nuclear Plant.

scholarly journals An Adaptive, Situation-Based Risk Assessment and Security Enforcement Framework for the Maritime Sector

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Christos Grigoriadis ◽  
Romain Laborde ◽  
Antonin Verdier ◽  
Panayiotis Kotzanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Adaptive Security ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Risk Assessment Process ◽  
Security Controls ◽  
Dynamic Risk

Maritime processes involve actors and systems that continuously change their underlying environment, location and threat exposure. Thus, risk mitigation requires a dynamic risk assessment process, coupled with an adaptive, event driven security enforcement mechanism, to efficiently deal with dynamically evolving risks in a cost efficient manner. In this paper, we propose an adaptive security framework that covers both situational risk assessment and situational driven security policy deployment. We extend MITIGATE, a maritime-specific risk assessment methodology, to capture situations in the risk assessment process and thus produce fine-grained and situation-specific, dynamic risk estimations. Then, we integrate DynSMAUG, a situation-driven security management system, to enforce adaptive security policies that dynamically implement security controls specific to each situation. To validate the proposed framework, we test it based on maritime cargo transfer service. We utilize various maritime specific and generic systems employed during cargo transfer, to produce dynamic risks for various situations. Our results show that the proposed framework can effectively assess dynamic risks per situation and automate the enforcement of adaptive security controls per situation. This is an important improvement in contrast to static and situation-agnostic risk assessment frameworks, where security controls always default to worst-case risks, with a consequent impact on the cost and the applicability of proper security controls.

scholarly journals Manifestation of emergent properties in risk assessment of oil and gas companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 08001
Author(s):  
Inesa Khvostina ◽  
Nataliia Havadzyn ◽  
Nataliia Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Original Algorithm

The article presents a study on risks in oil and gas industry and reveals their causes investigating enterprises activity as a result of emergent properties of systems. The original algorithm of risk assessment process based on emergent properties study is offered. A taxonomy approach and factor analysis are used for purposes of risk evaluation. The risk assessment consists of risks taxonomy, database structure development, identification of risks through impact factors evaluation; economic system emergent properties risks prediction, an integral risk level indicator calculation using taxonomy approach, correlation analysis of integral indicators of risk assessment, preventive measures for minimizing of negative impacts and reducing risks.

Challenges With Oil Spill Risk Assessment in Arctic Regions: Shipping Along the Northern Sea Route

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Bambulyak ◽  
Rudiger U. Franz von Bock und Polach ◽  
Sören Ehlers ◽  
Are Sydnes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Northern Sea Route

Arctic regions, and thus ice-covered waters, are continuously getting higher in the national and international political agenda. The world demand in energy resources and the need in development of new transportation routes are pushing industrial activities up North where we see prospects and expectations on one side, and gaps and challenges on the other. Industrial development of the new geographic area is complex, and the priority in transportation is given to marine shipping. For the recent years, transit cargo shipping through the North Eastern Passage or the Northern Sea Route (NSR) increased more than 10 times from 0.11 million tons (4 passages) in 2010 to 1.36 million tons (71 passages) in 2013. Although, the numbers are small compared to global cargo shipping, the sensitive Arctic environment requires the establishment of a oil spill recovery system as well as risk mitigation measures. This, in turn, requires the preceding development of a risk assessment methodology for oil spills in ice-covered waters. Therefore, this paper presents the challenges involved in Arctic shipping along the NSR and identifies the knowledge gaps with respect to environmental risk assessment of accidental oil spill.

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