Distribution and abundance of kangaroos (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) at the time of European contact: Victoria.

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
R.D. Barker ◽  
G. Caughley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
European Contact ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Western Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Historic Data

The dominant species of large macropods in Victoria are the Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and the Southern (= Western) Grey Kangaroo (M. fuliginosus). On the limited historic data available there is no indication that their ranges have changed since European settlement. The Red Kangaroo (M. rufus) was restricted to the northwest corner of the state, then as now. Moderate densities of Grey Kangaroos at settlement increased under forest clearing, probably peaking about the mid-nineteenth century. With intensification of farming and associated heavy hunting they declined again to establish by about the turn of the century the distribution of modera te density that we see today.

Distribution and abundance of kangaroos (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) at the time of European contact: South Australia.

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
R.D. Barker ◽  
G. Caughley
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
Aboriginal Languages

Historical records, and the names of animals within Aboriginal languages, were analysed to compare the distribution and density of kangaroos at European contact with those of today. We gave up this attempt for the Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Macropus giganteus, presently restricted to the extreme south-east of the state, because it was never differentiated historically from the Southern Grey Kangaroo, M. fuliginosus, which occurs right across the southern portion of the state. The historical distribution of the latter species, and of the Red Kangaroo, M. rufus, seems to have been similar to their distribution today. Past densities are difficult to extract from historical records and are not sufficiently reliable to justify comparison with present densities. We note however an apparent increase in density of 'kangaroos' in the mid-1800s.

Forelimb musculature of kangaroos with particular emphasis on the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii (Desmarest, 1817)

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn J. Harvey ◽  
Natalie Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Western Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Future Work

Comparative morphological studies can provide insights into an animal’s ecology and evolutionary history. Functional morphological studies of the kangaroo forelimb are few in number and new work could provide novel tools to aid in the interpretation of fossil taxa and the understanding of the evolutionary history of kangaroos and marsupials as a whole. A description of the shoulder and forelimb musculature of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) with comparisons to the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus Desmarest, 1842), the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus Desmarest, 1817) and the quokka (Setonix brachyurus Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) is presented. The species chosen were readily available and represent a range in size of the archetypal kangaroo form. Muscle maps of forelimb and shoulder muscles were constructed as an aid to comparing the spatial arrangement of muscle origins and insertions. The anatomical pattern of forelimb musculature in terrestrial macropodine kangaroos and wallabies is highly conservative. Functionally, the musculature of the forelimb corresponds to a supporting role of the limb during slow pentapedal locomotion. The illustrations of muscle insertions provided in this work will be a useful reference for future work in comparative marsupial anatomy and palaeobiology.

The Distribution and Abundance of Kangaroos in relation to Environment in Western Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Short ◽  
G Caughley ◽  
D Grice ◽  
B Brown
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Western Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Almost All

Red and western grey kangaroos were surveyed from the air in Western Australia during the winter of 1981. The area covered, 1 528 000 km2 or 61% of the State, excluded only the Kimberleys in the north and the Gibson and Great Sandy Deserts of the interior. Hence almost all kangaroo range within the State was surveyed, to provide an estimate of 980 000 reds and 436 000 greys. Densities were much lower than those of the eastern States. Red kangaroos were most abundant in mulga shrubland, chenopod shrubland and tussock grassland, and least abundant in hummock grassland. Densities were associated strongly with land-use categories, being high in areas used for extensive sheep grazing and low in vacant Crown Land and arable land. In contrast to reds the western grey kangaroos were confined to the south and west of the state, their distribution being related more directly to climate than to vegetation or land use. They live in the winter rainfall zone. We suggest that their restricted breeding season results in peak nutritional demands associated with lactation, and hence energy requirements, being synchronized with the spring flush of pasture following winter rains. Approximately 14% of the red kangaroo and 8% of the western grey kangaroo populations in Western Australia were harvested legally in 1981.

Ontogenetic scaling of the gastrointestinal tract of a marsupial foregut fermenter, the western grey kangaroo Macropus fuliginosus melanops

2021 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-383
Author(s):  
Adam J. Munn ◽  
Edward P. Snelling ◽  
David A. Taggart ◽  
Roger S. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Western Grey Kangaroo

scholarly journals The spaces of truth and cathedral window light

Literator ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-118
Author(s):  
G. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
Western Development ◽  
Permanent Loss ◽  
The Church ◽  
Complex Expression

Major writers and painters of the Romantic period interpreted the church or cathedral in its organic and spiritual dimensions as a complex expression of a matured Christian civilization. Artists of the mid-nineteenth century continued to produce both secular and religious variations upon this established referentiality. Although divergent uses reciprocally reinforced the fascination for the central imagery of the church and its multiple contexts, they also came to suggest a deeper tension in Western development between what the church had meant in an earlier Europe and what it might mean for late modernity. The threat of a permanent loss of cultural values was an issue haunting Realist approaches. A crucial revision occurred when key Symbolist poets openly revived the first Romantic themes but treated them as contents available to a decidedly post-Romantic historical consciousness. There was an analogous revival of interest in the church as a culturally charged symbol in painting around the turn of the century. Although they might apply this poetic and pictorial heritage in strikingly different ways, writers of high Modernism such as Rilke, Proust, and Kafka understood its richness and importance.

Firearms and Princely Power in Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century

1972 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Caulk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Imperial Authority ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
National Leadership ◽  
Local Leaders

Several centuries after firearms had been introduced, they were still of little importance in Ethiopia, where cavalry continued to dominate warfare until the second half of the nineteenth century. Nevertheless, they were much sought after by local leaders ambitious to secure their autonomy or to grasp supreme authority. The first of these warlords to make himself emperor, Tēwodros (1855–68), owed nothing to firearms. However, his successors, Yohannis IV (1872–89) and Minīlik (d. 1913), did. Both excelled in their mastery of the new technology and acquired large quantities of quick-firing weapons. By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, possession of firearms — principally the breech loading rifle — had become a precondition for successfully contending for national leadership. Yet the wider revolution associated (as in Egypt) with the establishment of a European-style army did not follow. Nor was rearmament restricted to the following of the emperor. Despite the revival of imperial authority effected by Yohannis and Minīlik, rifles and even machine-guns were widely enough spread at the turn of the century to reinforce the fragmentation of power long characteristic of the Ethiopian state. Into the early twentieth century, it remained uncertain if the peculiar advantages of the capital in the import of arms would be made to serve centralization.

scholarly journals Criminal Skins: Tattoos and Modern Architecture in the Work of Adolf Loos

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 235-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimena Canales ◽  
Andrew Herscher
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
International Style

Adolf Loos’s famous essay, ‘Ornament and Crime’, decisively linked unornamented architecture with the culture of modernity and, in so doing, became one of the key formulations of modern architecture. To a great extent, the essay’s force comes from arguments drawn from nineteenth-century criminal anthropology. Nevertheless, Loos’s work has been consistently understood only within the context of the inter-war avant- gardes. In the 1920s, Le Corbusier was particularly enthusiastic in bringing Loos’s work to the fore, thereby establishing its future reception. ‘Ornament and Crime’ became an essential catalyst for architecture’s conversion away from the historicism of the nineteenth century to modernism. At the turn of the century, Loos’s essay already foreshadowed the white abstraction of ‘less is more’ architecture and the functionalist rigour of the International Style which would dominate the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Chief of this River

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Rick Fehr ◽  
Janet Macbeth ◽  
Summer Sands Macbeth
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous History ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
The Face

The narratives of European settlement in Canada have largely excluded the presence of Indigenous peoples on contested lands. This article offers an exploration of an Anishinaabeg community and a regional chief in early nineteenth century Upper Canada. The community known as the Chenail Ecarté land, and Chief Zhaawni-binesi, have become historically obscure. Through the use of primary documents the authors explore the community’s history, its relocation, and Chief Zhaawni-binesi’s role in the War of 1812 and in community life. Ultimately, the paper charts the relocation of the community in the face of mounting settler encroachment. The discussion attempts to increase knowledge and appreciation of Indigenous history in Southwestern Ontario.

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