Chemical composition and production of ethanol and other volatile organic compounds in sugarcane silage treated with chemical and microbial additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Lucas Ladeira Cardoso ◽  
Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
Odilon Gomes Pereira ◽  
Kirsten Weiß
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Propionibacterium Acidipropionici ◽  
Pediococcus Pentosaceus ◽  
Ester Formation ◽  
Volatile Organic

Sugarcane silage can be used in animal production systems; however, it is important to apply additives to improve its chemical composition and fermentative quality. We evaluated the effect of chemical (urea and calcium oxide (CaO)) and microbial (Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) additives on chemical composition, fermentation profile, microorganism population, and production of ethanol and other volatile organic compounds in sugarcane silage. Treatments studied were silage without inoculant (SS), SS with LB, SS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus, SS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici, SS with 5 g CaO/kg fresh material (FM) (5CaO), SS with 10 g CaO/kg FM (10CaO), SS with 5 g urea/kg FM (5urea), and SS with 10 g urea/kg FM (10urea). The highest crude protein content (P = 0.001) and the lowest N-linked to fibre content (P = 0.001) occurred when applying urea. None of the treatments reduced the presence of yeast (P = 0.054), but a trend was detected of treatments based on CaO as promising in this Control. The silages treated with CaO had lower ethyl ester and ethanol (average for CaO-based treatments of 0.012 g/kg dry matter and 0.695 g/kg dry matter, respectively), and silages treated with 10urea had less acetone (P = 0.001) and methanol (P = 0.001). The sugarcane silages treated with chemical additive CaO reduced ethanol production and ester formation. There was a high correlation (r = 0.984) between ethyl acetate + ethyl lactate and ethanol contents.

Chemical composition of volatile organic compounds of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasylievna Zhigzhitzhapova ◽  
Larisa Dorzhievna Radnaeva ◽  
Qingbo Gao ◽  
Shilong Chen ◽  
Faqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

scholarly journals The impact of the agrochemical properties of soil on the chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke flowers

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Stočkutė ◽  
Elvyra Jarienė
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Ray Florets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

The objective of this research was to investigate and to evaluate the chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke flowers grown in different soils. Quality analysis was carried out in the laboratories of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Science of Vytautas Magnus University. The following agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using standardized methods: pHKCl, the amount of soil humus, mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The chemical composition of different parts of Jerusalem artichoke flowers (disk florets and ray florets) were evaluated by the standard method: the content of carbohydrates (inulin and total saccharides content), minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Na, Zn, Mg). Electronic nose (Alpha M. O. S.) measurement technologies were used to recognize and identify the flower fragrance (volatile organic compounds). Processing of the research data was carried out through the application of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the computer software Statistica 10. The research results showed that the substantially highest amount of inulin was determined in the disk florets (0.339%, D. M.) of Jerusalem artichoke grown in the soil with the medium humus and medium available potassium amount. The content of total soluble saccharides of different parts of Jerusalem artichoke flowers varied from 2.54 to 4.11% of disk florets and from 0.55 to 0.81% of ray florets. The highest amount of macroelement potassium (3.1%, D. M.) was detected in Jerusalem artichoke flowers grown in the soil with the medium amount of humus and the medium amount of mobile potassium. Volatile organic compounds in Jerusalem artichoke flowers were determined as a complex mixture of esters, alcohols, terpenes, sulphur and other compounds. Esters as volatile compounds prevailed in Jerusalem artichoke flowers. Methyl acetate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate with fruity, grape odour were the predominant esters group compounds as well as dimethyl trisulfide – sulfur compound in Jerusalem artichoke flowers. The investigated aroma profile of flowers shows that they have fruity-like odour.

scholarly journals Olfactory Response of the Green Lacewing Chrysoperla Externa to Volatile Organic Compounds of Eucalyptus Urograndis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jackson Vieira Borges ◽  
Rafael Aparecido Carvalho Souza ◽  
Alberto de Oliveira ◽  
Raquel Maria Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Jean Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

Abstract The evaluation of the direct effects of the relationship between plants and predators without considering the participation of herbivores can provide vital information for the study of ecological interactions and integrated pest management. In this context, the present work studied the behavioral responses of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae to the volatile organic compounds of young and mature, undamaged and damaged leaves of Eucalyptus urograndis (Myrtaceae), and investigate the chemical composition of leaf essential oils and their effects on the green lacewing. The responses of the C. externa larvae to the odors emitted by leaves were evaluated by an experimental behavior test using a Y-tube olfactometer. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation of the young and mature leaves with and without damage. The larvae respond attractively to the volatiles emitted without the participation of herbivores, and it selected preferentially odors emitted by young leaves with simulated herbivory. The chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. This research identified 32 compounds; some of them had not been identified in other studies. Young leaves had a higher content of essential oil compared to mature leaves. Among the compounds identified, eucalyptol, α-Terpineol, Aromadendrene, and α-Terpinyl acetate are the major compounds. An inversion in the content of eucalyptol (which decreases) and α-terpinyl acetate (which increases) is observed when young and mature leaves are damage. Thus, this work contributed with basic data on the potential use of eucalyptus forests as maintainers of natural chrysopids populations.

scholarly journals Considering the future of anthropogenic gas-phase organic compound emissions and the increasing influence of non-combustion sources on urban air quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 5391-5413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeyush Khare ◽  
Drew R. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Emissions Inventories

Abstract. Decades of policy in developed regions has successfully reduced total anthropogenic emissions of gas-phase organic compounds, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with an intentional, sustained focus on motor vehicles and other combustion-related sources. We examine potential secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone formation in our case study megacity (Los Angeles) and demonstrate that non-combustion-related sources now contribute a major fraction of SOA and ozone precursors. Thus, they warrant greater attention beyond indoor environments to resolve large uncertainties in their emissions, oxidation chemistry, and outdoor air quality impacts in cities worldwide. We constrain the magnitude and chemical composition of emissions via several bottom-up approaches using chemical analyses of products, emissions inventory assessments, theoretical calculations of emission timescales, and a survey of consumer product material safety datasheets. We demonstrate that the chemical composition of emissions from consumer products as well as commercial and industrial products, processes, and materials is diverse across and within source subcategories. This leads to wide ranges of SOA and ozone formation potentials that rival other prominent sources, such as motor vehicles. With emission timescales from minutes to years, emission rates and source profiles need to be included, updated, and/or validated in emissions inventories with expected regional and national variability. In particular, intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (IVOCs and SVOCs) are key precursors to SOA, but are excluded or poorly represented in emissions inventories and exempt from emissions targets. We present an expanded framework for classifying VOC, IVOC, and SVOC emissions from this diverse array of sources that emphasizes a life cycle approach over longer timescales and three emission pathways that extend beyond the short-term evaporation of VOCs: (1) solvent evaporation, (2) solute off-gassing, and (3) volatilization of degradation by-products. Furthermore, we find that ambient SOA formed from these non-combustion-related emissions could be misattributed to fossil fuel combustion due to the isotopic signature of their petroleum-based feedstocks.

scholarly journals Organic Gases Released and Taken Up by Soil Lack Quantification

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tang ◽  
Guy Schurgers ◽  
Riikka Rinnan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Organic Gases

Soils both emit and take up different biogenic volatile organic compounds, altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere and influencing local, regional, and global climate.

scholarly journals Seasonal characteristics of organic aerosol chemical composition and volatility in Stuttgart, Germany

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Huang ◽  
Harald Saathoff ◽  
Xiaoli Shen ◽  
Ramakrishna Ramisetty ◽  
Thomas Leisner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Chemical composition and volatility of organic aerosol (OA) particles were investigated during July–August 2017 and February–March 2018 in the city of Stuttgart, one of the most polluted cities in Germany. Total non-refractory particle mass was measured with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS; hereafter AMS). Aerosol particles were collected on filters and analyzed in the laboratory with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-HR-ToF-CIMS; hereafter CIMS), yielding the molecular composition of oxygenated OA (OOA) compounds. While the average organic mass loadings are lower in the summer period (5.1 ± 3.2 µg m−3) than in the winter period (8.4 ± 5.6 µg m−3), we find relatively larger mass contributions of organics measured by AMS in summer (68.8 ± 13.4 %) compared to winter (34.8 ± 9.5 %). CIMS mass spectra show OOA compounds in summer have O : C ratios of 0.82 ± 0.02 and are more influenced by biogenic emissions, while OOA compounds in winter have O : C ratios of 0.89 ± 0.06 and are more influenced by biomass burning emissions. Volatility parametrization analysis shows that OOA in winter is less volatile with higher contributions of low volatile organic compounds (LVOC) and extremely low volatile organic compounds (ELVOC). We partially explain this by the higher contributions of compounds with shorter carbon chain lengths and higher number of oxygen atoms, i.e. higher O : C ratios in winter. Organic compounds desorbing from the particles deposited on the filter samples also exhibit a shift of signal to higher desorption temperatures (i.e. lower apparent volatility) in winter. This is consistent with the relatively higher O : C ratios in winter, but may also be related to higher particle viscosity due to the higher contributions of larger molecular-weight LVOC and ELVOC, interactions between different species and/or particles (particle matrix), and/or thermal decomposition of larger molecules. The results suggest that whereas lower temperature in winter may lead to increased partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) into the particle phase, this does not result in a higher overall volatility of OOA in winter, and that the difference in sources and/or chemistry between the seasons plays a more important role. Our study provides insights into the seasonal variation of molecular composition and volatility of ambient OA particles, and into their potential sources.

scholarly journals Effect of Geographic Location, Ontogenesis on Essential Oil Composition and Spontaneously Emitted Volatile Organic Compounds of Inula viscosa (L.) Greuter. (Astraceae) Grown in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2559-2566
Author(s):  
Reem N. Dabibeh ◽  
Lina M. Barhoumi ◽  
Omar Bdair ◽  
Hala I. Al-Jaber ◽  
Fatma U. Afifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Main Component

The present study aimed at investigating the variation in the chemical composition of emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and essential oils obtained from fresh aerial parts of Inula viscosa (Asteraceae) as affected by growth stage and geographical location zone. VOCs were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) method from whole aerial parts of I. viscosa during the vegetative (spring-August) period, and from fresh leaves, closed pre-flowering buds and fully expanded flowers during the full flowering season (October). The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation form fresh organs during the flowering stage. GC/MS analysis of VOCs during the vegetative period revealed sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as main components in the samples collected from the Mediterranean zone (MID-1: 64.72-27.48%, MID-2: 32.09-76.77%). The profile of the samples from the Irano-Turanian zone (IT) was quite different. Myrcenol was the main component in the leaves, pre-flowering buds and fully expanded flowers from all locations (0.61-39.01%). E-nerolidol was the main component in the hydrodistilled oil of all organs from the different locations (73.72-88.66 %). Principle component and cluster analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the essential oils and VOCs belonging to MID-zone were similar and quite different when compared to the composition of the samples belonging to IT-zone. The results indicated the possible use of E-nerolidole as a stable chemotype marker in I. viscosa taxonomy.

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