scholarly journals The impact of the agrochemical properties of soil on the chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke flowers

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Stočkutė ◽  
Elvyra Jarienė
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Ray Florets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

The objective of this research was to investigate and to evaluate the chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke flowers grown in different soils. Quality analysis was carried out in the laboratories of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Science of Vytautas Magnus University. The following agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using standardized methods: pHKCl, the amount of soil humus, mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The chemical composition of different parts of Jerusalem artichoke flowers (disk florets and ray florets) were evaluated by the standard method: the content of carbohydrates (inulin and total saccharides content), minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Na, Zn, Mg). Electronic nose (Alpha M. O. S.) measurement technologies were used to recognize and identify the flower fragrance (volatile organic compounds). Processing of the research data was carried out through the application of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the computer software Statistica 10. The research results showed that the substantially highest amount of inulin was determined in the disk florets (0.339%, D. M.) of Jerusalem artichoke grown in the soil with the medium humus and medium available potassium amount. The content of total soluble saccharides of different parts of Jerusalem artichoke flowers varied from 2.54 to 4.11% of disk florets and from 0.55 to 0.81% of ray florets. The highest amount of macroelement potassium (3.1%, D. M.) was detected in Jerusalem artichoke flowers grown in the soil with the medium amount of humus and the medium amount of mobile potassium. Volatile organic compounds in Jerusalem artichoke flowers were determined as a complex mixture of esters, alcohols, terpenes, sulphur and other compounds. Esters as volatile compounds prevailed in Jerusalem artichoke flowers. Methyl acetate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate with fruity, grape odour were the predominant esters group compounds as well as dimethyl trisulfide – sulfur compound in Jerusalem artichoke flowers. The investigated aroma profile of flowers shows that they have fruity-like odour.

scholarly journals Characteristics of marine shipping emissions at berth: profiles for particulate matter and volatile organic compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 9527-9545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Mingliang Fu ◽  
Fanyuan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Emissions from ships at berth play an important role regarding the exposure of high density human populations to atmospheric pollutants in port areas; however, these emissions are not well understood. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particle emissions from 20 container ships at berth were sampled and analyzed during the “fuel switch” period at Jingtang Port in Hebei Province, China. VOCs and particles were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), respectively. VOC analysis showed that alkanes and aromatics, especially benzene, toluene and heavier compounds e.g., n-heptane, n-octane and n-nonane, dominated the total identified species. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields and ozone (O3) forming potential were 0.017 ± 0.007 g SOA g−1 VOCs and 2.63 ± 0.37 g O3 g−1 VOCs, respectively. Both positive and negative ion mass spectra from individual ships were derived and the intensity of specific ions were quantified. Results showed that elemental carbon (35.74 %), elemental carbon–organic carbon mixtures (33.95 %) and Na-rich particles (21.12 %) were major classes, comprising 90.7 % of the particles observed. Particles from ship auxiliary engines were in the 0.2 to 2.5 µm size range, with a peak occurring at around 0.4 µm. The issue of using vanadium (V) as tracer element was examined, and it was found that V was not a proper tracer of ship emissions when using low sulfur content diesel oil. The average percentage of sulfate particles observed in shipping emissions before and after switching to marine diesel oil remained unchanged at 24 %. Under certain wind conditions, when berths were upwind of emission sources, the ratios before and after 1 January were 35 and 27 % respectively. The impact of atmospheric stability was discussed based on PM2.5 and primary pollutant (carbon monoxide) concentration. With a background of frequent haze episodes and complex mechanisms of particulate accumulation and secondary formation, the impact of atmospheric stability is believed to have been weak on the sulfate contribution from shipping emissions. The results from this study provide robust support for port area air quality assessment and source apportionment.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of biogenic volatile organic compounds to land surface parameterizations and vegetation distributions in California

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1959-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Zhao ◽  
Maoyi Huang ◽  
Jerome D. Fast ◽  
Larry K. Berg ◽  
Yun Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Current climate models still have large uncertainties in estimating biogenic trace gases, which can significantly affect atmospheric chemistry and secondary aerosol formation that ultimately influences air quality and aerosol radiative forcing. These uncertainties result from many factors, including uncertainties in land surface processes and specification of vegetation types, both of which can affect the simulated near-surface fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). In this study, the latest version of Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN v2.1) is coupled within the land surface scheme CLM4 (Community Land Model version 4.0) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem). In this implementation, MEGAN v2.1 shares a consistent vegetation map with CLM4 for estimating BVOC emissions. This is unlike MEGAN v2.0 in the public version of WRF-Chem that uses a stand-alone vegetation map that differs from what is used by land surface schemes. This improved modeling framework is used to investigate the impact of two land surface schemes, CLM4 and Noah, on BVOCs and examine the sensitivity of BVOCs to vegetation distributions in California. The measurements collected during the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) and the California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Experiment (CalNex) conducted in June of 2010 provided an opportunity to evaluate the simulated BVOCs. Sensitivity experiments show that land surface schemes do influence the simulated BVOCs, but the impact is much smaller than that of vegetation distributions. This study indicates that more effort is needed to obtain the most appropriate and accurate land cover data sets for climate and air quality models in terms of simulating BVOCs, oxidant chemistry and, consequently, secondary organic aerosol formation.

scholarly journals Comparison of primary aerosol emission and secondary aerosol formation from gasoline direct injection and port fuel injection vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 9011-9023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuofei Du ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Jianfei Peng ◽  
Wenbin Zhang ◽  
Jing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Port Fuel Injection ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Gasoline vehicles significantly contribute to urban particulate matter (PM) pollution. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, known for their higher fuel efficiency than that of port fuel injection (PFI) engines, have been increasingly employed in new gasoline vehicles. However, the impact of this trend on air quality is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated both primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from a GDI and a PFI vehicle under an urban-like driving condition, using combined approaches involving chassis dynamometer measurements and an environmental chamber simulation. The PFI vehicle emits slightly more volatile organic compounds, e.g., benzene and toluene, whereas the GDI vehicle emits more particulate components, e.g., total PM, elemental carbon, primary organic aerosols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Strikingly, we found a much higher SOA production (by a factor of approximately 2.7) from the exhaust of the GDI vehicle than that of the PFI vehicle under the same conditions. More importantly, the higher SOA production found in the GDI vehicle exhaust occurs concurrently with lower concentrations of traditional SOA precursors, e.g., benzene and toluene, indicating a greater contribution of intermediate volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds in the GDI vehicle exhaust to the SOA formation. Our results highlight the considerable potential contribution of GDI vehicles to urban air pollution in the future.

Chemical composition and production of ethanol and other volatile organic compounds in sugarcane silage treated with chemical and microbial additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Lucas Ladeira Cardoso ◽  
Karina Guimarães Ribeiro ◽  
Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽  
Odilon Gomes Pereira ◽  
Kirsten Weiß
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Propionibacterium Acidipropionici ◽  
Pediococcus Pentosaceus ◽  
Ester Formation ◽  
Volatile Organic

Sugarcane silage can be used in animal production systems; however, it is important to apply additives to improve its chemical composition and fermentative quality. We evaluated the effect of chemical (urea and calcium oxide (CaO)) and microbial (Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) additives on chemical composition, fermentation profile, microorganism population, and production of ethanol and other volatile organic compounds in sugarcane silage. Treatments studied were silage without inoculant (SS), SS with LB, SS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus, SS with Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici, SS with 5 g CaO/kg fresh material (FM) (5CaO), SS with 10 g CaO/kg FM (10CaO), SS with 5 g urea/kg FM (5urea), and SS with 10 g urea/kg FM (10urea). The highest crude protein content (P = 0.001) and the lowest N-linked to fibre content (P = 0.001) occurred when applying urea. None of the treatments reduced the presence of yeast (P = 0.054), but a trend was detected of treatments based on CaO as promising in this Control. The silages treated with CaO had lower ethyl ester and ethanol (average for CaO-based treatments of 0.012 g/kg dry matter and 0.695 g/kg dry matter, respectively), and silages treated with 10urea had less acetone (P = 0.001) and methanol (P = 0.001). The sugarcane silages treated with chemical additive CaO reduced ethanol production and ester formation. There was a high correlation (r = 0.984) between ethyl acetate + ethyl lactate and ethanol contents.

scholarly journals Storage Stability of Volatile Organic Compounds from Petrochemical Plant of China in Different Sample Bags

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglei Han ◽  
Huangrong Zhong ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Yongqiang Wang ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Protective Gas ◽  
The Impact

According to the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the petrochemical plants of China, the storage stability of VOCs for two different bags, polyester aluminum (PEA) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), was investigated in this study by comparing the adsorption of gas samples. A series of experiments were carried out to study the impact of different factors of sampling in the petrochemical industry. The results showed that the C2∼C3 substances can be adsorbed by the Tedlar bag, and after being refilled with pure nitrogen, the VOCs adsorbed previously by the bag material can be released. The aromatic hydrocarbon VOCs with larger molecular weight had a relatively lower recovery rate than the smaller molecular weights. And the average recovery of PEA airbags was significantly better than that of PVF airbags for storing stationary VOCs in the refinery of China. More kinds of substances can be detected in the airbags that had been added with helium protective gas, and it had a higher recovery rate for both kinds of simple bags after 24 hours of storage time, which indicated that the airbags without protective gas had adsorbed these substances.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of the traffic situation in urban area on the amount of volatile organic compounds getting into the cabin of the car on the road

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00073
Author(s):  
Maria Skrętowicz ◽  
Joanna Świeściak
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Time Of Travel ◽  
The Impact

In the paper the levels of concentrations of volatile organic compounds getting into car cabin during the driving have been measured. Three series of the tests have been performed. Each series has been carried out in different road situation in terms of traffic intensity. For the tests exploited passenger car, Subaru Impreza was used. Before every series the background measurements was carried out and directly after that, the correct the correct tests were performed. Inside the cabin 14 different organic compounds have been identified. To analyse the change of the concentrations levels between the correct and background test have been calculated. The results indicate that the longer time of travel caused that the driver and passengers are more exposed to highest concentrations of VOCs.

Volatile Organic Compounds in the atmosphere of the Great Athens area: The case of a port site close to Piraeus, Greece

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Liakakou ◽  
Anastasia Panopoulou ◽  
Georgios Grivas ◽  
Stéphane Sauvage ◽  
Theodora Kritikou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Transport Ship ◽  
The Impact

<p>VOCs are key atmospheric constituents for both health and climate issues and further knowledge is still needed about their sources and fate. The presence of volatile organic compounds in ambient air is strongly dependent on the site characteristics and a harbor area undergoes many source typologies such as road transport, ship emissions and contaminants of commercial activities, the shipbuilding zone and other operating facilities. The current work was implemented at the recently established Atmospheric Pollution Monitoring Station of the Municipality of Keratsini-Drapetsona located in the close vicinity of the Piraeus port. Since December 2018 an automatic gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (FID) continuously monitors at a 30 minutes time resolution non methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) focusing on hazardous compounds (aromatics) and strong precursors (aromatics, monoterpenes) of secondary pollutants like ozone and secondary organic aerosols. High levels of benzene were observed, especially during the morning to noon period, and the mean concentration of both benzene and toluene were two-folded in summer (July and August 2019) compared to winter (January and February 2019). Ethylbenzene follows the same pattern, whereas xylenes presented comparable levels during the cold and warm periods. Preliminary results based on source apportionment techniques are presented. In general terms the NMHC levels present their maximum under the impact of low wind speed, addressing thus the role of local emission sources, which are further investigated by the ratios used as tracking tools of processes of different origin (e.g. the traffic related ratio of toluene/benzene).</p>

A New Real-Time Technique for Complex-mixture of Volatile Organic Compounds Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 3628
Author(s):  
Hao-Yu Lu ◽  
Shih-Wei Tsai ◽  
Shih-An Tsai ◽  
Chien-Lin Huang ◽  
Shih-Chi Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Removal of volatile organic compounds using amphiphilic cyclodextrin-coated polypropylene

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2743-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmilla Lumholdt ◽  
Sophie Fourmentin ◽  
Thorbjørn T Nielsen ◽  
Kim L Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cyclodextrin Derivatives ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Realistic Situation ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin

Polypropylene nonwovens were functionalised using a self-assembled, amphiphilic cyclodextrin coating and the potential for water purification by removal of pollutants was studied. As benzene is one of the problematic compounds in the Water Framework Directive, six volatile organic compounds (benzene and five benzene-based substances) were chosen as model compounds. The compounds were tested as a mixture in order to provide a more realistic situation since the wastewater will be a complex mixture containing multiple pollutants. The volatile organic compounds are known to form stable inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins. Six different amphiphilic cyclodextrin derivatives were synthesised in order to elucidate whether or not the uptake abilities of the coating depend on the structure of the derivative. Headspace gas chromatography was used for quantification of the uptake exploiting the volatile nature of benzene and its derivatives. The capacity was shown to increase beyond the expected stoichiometries of guest–host complexes with ratios of up to 16:1.

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