Effects of forage species and feeding systems on rumen fermentation, microbiota and conjugated linoleic acid content in dairy goats

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of forage species and feeding systems on ruminal fermentation, microbiota (Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and total bacteria) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration of milk in dairy goats. Twenty female crossbred Saanen lactating goats (~35 ± 3.0 kg bodyweight) in early to mid-lactation stage were assigned to a 45-day completely randomised-design feeding experiment, with the following four forage (roughage) treatments: cut-and-carry grass (CG), grazing of grass (GG), cut-and-carry leucaena (CL) and grazing of leucaena (GL; n = 5). All animals were given concentrate equivalent to 1.5% of their bodyweight. The grass used in the study was napier Pak Chong 1 grass (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum hybrid). The results showed that irrespective of the type of forage, grazing goats (GG and GL) had a higher (P < 0.05) forage intake and, thus, total dry-matter and crude-protein intakes than did those fed indoors (CG and CL). However, the intake of C18:2n6 and particularly of C18:3n3 was generally higher for grass-fed goats than for leucaena-fed goats. Treatments did not exert significant differences on rumen fermentation characteristics. However, the populations of B. fibrisolvens, F. succinogenes and total bacteria were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in grazing goats (GG and GL) than in their counterparts fed with the cut-and-carry system (CG and CL). Goats in the grazing system also had a higher (P < 0.05) milk yield, and milk fat, c9, t11 CLA and omega-3 fatty acid concentrations than did those in the cut-and-carry system and only grazing goats produced detectable levels of t10, c12 CLA in milk. Putting the above together, it can be concluded that allowing dairy goats to outdoor grazing stimulates a higher forage intake, including that of C18:2n6 and C18:3n3, as well as enhancing population of B. fibrisolvens (involved in the synthesis of milk CLA), resulting in a higher milk yield, and enhances c9, t11 and t10, c12 CLA in goat milk.

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Corrigendum to: Effects of forage species and feeding systems on rumen fermentation, microbiota and conjugated linoleic acid content in dairy goats

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18232_co ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (12) ◽

pp. 2288

Author(s):

Saranpong Thongruang ◽

Pramote Paengkoum ◽

Wisitiporn Suksombat ◽

Smerjai Bureenok

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Forage Species ◽

Total Bacteria ◽

Feeding Systems

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Milk composition during duodenal infusion of conjugated linoleic acid in dairy goats fed diets with different C18:2/C18:1 ratios

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s0102-09352011000500036 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 1272-1276 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ph Schmidely ◽

P.V.D Andrade

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Dairy Goats

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Supplementation with whole cottonseed changes milk composition and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an10026 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. Dayani ◽

G. R. Ghorbani ◽

A. K. Esmailizadeh

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Whole Cottonseed

Eight multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation (average days in milking of 160 ± 40) were used in a replicated 4 by 4 Latin square design, each experimental period lasting 3 weeks, to determine the effects of whole cottonseed (WCS) treatment and dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on the profile of milk fatty acids. Each 3-week experimental period consisted of 2 weeks for ration adaptation followed by 1 week for data collection. The experimental diets consisted of: (1) Control (without WCS), 16% CP; (2) 20% WCS, 16% CP; (3) 20% WCS, 13% CP; and (4) 20% crushed WCS, 13% CP. Minerals and vitamin supplements were the same in all experimental diets. The WCS treatment led to increased DM intake, fat-corrected milk yield, fat concentration, proportion of long-chain fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P < 0.05). Decreased concentration of dietary CP from 16 to 13% (diet 2 compared with diet 3) led to a decrease in both milk yield and milk composition (P < 0.05). WCS crushed in diets with 13% CP (diet 4 compared with diet 3) increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in milk fat. The results demonstrated that adding WCS to the diet of lactating cows improves both milk yield and milk fatty acid profile, particularly the proportion of conjugated linoleic acid.

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Effect of dietary fat supplements on levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids,transacids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s135772980005147x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 613-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

N. W. Offer ◽

M. Marsden ◽

J. Dixon ◽

B. K. Speake ◽

F. E. Thacker

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Trans Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

The Other ◽

Fat Supplements

AbstractThe effects of three fat supplements on milk yield and composition were measured using 12 mid-lactation in-calf Hoistein-Friesian cows in a balanced incomplete change-over design over three periods each of 3 weeks. All cows received a basal diet consisting of 36 kg/day grass silage (dry matter (DM) 270 g/kg, metabolizable energy (ME) 11·6 MJ/kg DM) and 7 kg/day o f a concentrate mixture containing (g/kg) rolled barley (501), molassed sugar-beet pulp shreds (277), soya-bean meal (208) and a standard cow mineral supplement (14). Treatments were CON (control-no supplement); LIN and FISH (250 gl day of either linseed oil or marine oil, providing approximately 0·046 of ME intake) or TOA (95 glday of tuna orbital oil, providing 0·018 of total ME intake).There were no significant effects on silage DM intake or milk yield (means 9·25 and 17·2 kg/day respectively). The FISH and TOA treatments depressed (F < 0·05) milk fat concentration (45·4, 44·6, 34·5 and 41·6 (s.e.d. 1·08) g/kg for CON, LIN, FISH and TOA respectively; note — the same treatment order is used for all results quoted). Compared with values for CON, yield of f at (glday) was significantly (F < 0·05) greater for LIN and significantly lower for FISH (739, 808, 572 and 732, s.e.d. 28·7). All three oil supplements reduced (F < 0·05) milk protein content (33·6, 32·5, 30·6 and 32·4 (s.e.d. 0·43) g/kg) but, apart from a small increase for LIN, protein yield (glday) was unaffected (545, 586, 510 and 574, s.e.d. 20·2).The concentrations (g/100 g) of short-chain fatty acids (< C14) and C16 : 0 in milk f at were lower (F < 0·05) for LIN than for the other treatments. All supplements increased the concentrations ofC18:1 (F < 0·05), the value for LIN being greater (F < 0·05) than for the other treatments (21·0, 27·2, 25·3 and 23·7, s.e.d. 0·74). The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the concentrations of long chain (< C2O) (n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (0·19, 0·17, 0·49 and 0·27, s.e.d. 0·026) but less than proportionately 0·03 of dietary intake of these acids was transferred to milk, probably because they were found to be mostly in the phospholipid and cholesterol ester fractions of plasma. The FISH and TOA treatments increased (F < 0·05) the percentages of total trans fatty acids in milk fat (1·13, 2·19, 10·26 and 3·62, s.e.d. 0·728) whilst a significant (F < 0·05) increase in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was observed only for FISH (0·16, 0·28, 1·55, and 0·52, s.e.d. 0·154). Concentrations of CLA and total trans acids in milk were highly correlated (r = 0·91, no. =36, F < 0·001) whilst trans acids in milk were inversely correlated with milk fat content (r = -0·63, no. = 36, F < 0·001) supporting the theory that milk fat depression may be caused by increased supply of trans fatty acids to the mammary gland. The health implications of these changes in milk fat composition are discussed.

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Impact of calving seasons and feeding systems in western Canada. II. Meat composition and organoleptic quality of steaks

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas-2014-034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 583-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Obioha N. Durunna ◽

Hushton C. Block ◽

Alan D. Iwaasa ◽

Shannon L. Scott ◽

Clayton Robins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Vaccenic Acid ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Western Canada ◽

Organoleptic Quality ◽

Meat Composition ◽

Feeding Systems

Durunna, O. N., Block, H. C., Iwaasa, A. D., Scott, S. L., Robins, C., Khakbazan, M., Dugan, M. E. R., Aalhus, J. L., Aliani, M. and Lardner, H. A. 2014. Impact of calving seasons and feeding systems in western Canada. II. Meat composition and organoleptic quality of steaks. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 583–593. Fatty acid profiling, meat and organoleptic quality assessments were conducted on 160 carcasses of crossbred steers born into one of two calving systems and later assigned to one of two postweaning feeding systems. The steers were weaned from either an early calving or late calving system and later assigned to either a rapid-gain feeding (RF) or a slow-gain feeding (SF) system. The RF steers received a silage–hay diet during the backgrounding period prior to finishing, while the SF steers received a hay diet at backgrounding and then grazed alfalfa–meadow bromegrass pasture and annual cereal swaths prior to finishing. All treatment groups received a conventional diet during finishing until the steers attained a target backfat thickness or body weight. Fatty acid analyses were conducted on longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and subcutaneous fat samples. Other analyses included LDM composition, tenderness and taste panel evaluations. Total saturated fatty acid was greater (P<0.02) in samples from RF steers, while total monounsaturated fatty acid was greater (P<0.01) in SF steers. The SF steers had greater (P<0.01) conjugated linoleic acid concentration. There was no main or interaction effect (P>0.05) on beef aroma, flavour and tenderness but the SF steaks had lower (P=0.02) cooking losses than RF steaks. The SF strategy has the potential to create a value chain that would lead to finished steers with higher backfat omega-3, conjugated linoleic acid and trans vaccenic acid and less cooking moisture losses.

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Effects of increasing supplementation levels of rice bran on milk production and fatty acid composition of milk in Saanen dairy goats

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an12124 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 413 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. K. Park ◽

E. G. Kwon ◽

C.-H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

Forage Intake

In this study, the effects of four dietary supplementation levels of rice bran (RB) on milk yield and composition were examined in Saanen dairy goats. Four goats (initial bodyweight, 55.0 ± 7.1 kg) and four 21-day periods were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. The diets contained 0, 5, 10, and 20% DM of RB, but were otherwise formulated to be 10.7 MJ metabolisable energy/kg and 18.8% crude protein/kg DM. Goats consumed the greatest amount of DM feed concentrate when fed the 5% RB diet (P < 0.01); however, DM forage intake was not significantly different between diets. Total DM intake of the 5% RB diet was significantly higher than that of the control diet (P < 0.05). Milk yield was the lowest from goats fed the 20% RB (P < 0.01). The protein concentration of milk was significantly lower in goats fed the control and 5% RB diets than in those fed the 10 and 20% RB diets (P < 0.01). However, milk protein production was not significantly different between diets. The concentration of fat in milk increased as the supplementation level of RB increased, although fat production did not differ between diets. The addition of RB increased the concentration of long-chain fatty acids (C16 and C18) in goat milk. No significant difference was found in milk lactose concentration between diets. Overall, the results indicate that RB supplements of up to 10% have no adverse effects on DM intake and milk production in dairy goats.

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Effects of different vegetable oils on rumen fermentation and conjugated linoleic acid concentration in vitro

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2017.11-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amitava Roy ◽

Guru Prasad Mandal ◽

Amlan Kumar Patra

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Linoleic Acid Concentration

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Feeding Soybean Oil to Dairy Goats Increases Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Milk

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2007-0753 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 2399-2407 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

M.A. Bouattour ◽

R. Casals ◽

E. Albanell ◽

X. Such ◽

G. Caja

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Dairy Goats

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Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation on Milk Production, Digestibility, and Metabolism in Dairy Goats under Thermoneutral and Heat Stress Conditions

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020350 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 350

Author(s):

Soufiane Hamzaoui ◽

Gerardo Caja ◽

Xavier Such ◽

Elena Albanell ◽

Ahmed A. K. Salama

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Milk Protein Content

In a previous work, we observed that heat-stressed goats suffer reductions in milk yield and its contents of fat and protein. Supplementation with soybean oil (SBO) may be a useful strategy to enhance milk quality. In total, eight multiparous Murciano–Granadina dairy goats (42.8 ± 1.3 kg body weight; 99 ± 1 days of lactation) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods; 21 d each (14 d adaptation, 5 d for measurements and 2 d transition between periods). Goats were allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were no oil (CON) or 4% of soybean oil (SBO), and controlled thermal neutral (TN; 15 to 20 °C) or heat stress (HS; 12 h/d at 37 °C and 12 h/d at 30 °C) conditions. This resulted in four treatment combinations: TN-CON, TN-SBO, HS-CON, and HS-SBO. Compared to TN, HS goats experienced lower (p < 0.05) feed intake, body weight, N retention, milk yield, and milk protein and lactose contents. However, goats in HS conditions had greater (p < 0.05) digestibility coefficients (+5.1, +5.2, +4.6, +7.0, and +8.9 points for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, respectively) than TN goats. The response to SBO had the same magnitude in TN and HS conditions. Supplementation with SBO had no effects on feed intake, milk yield, or milk protein content. However, SBO supplementation increased (p < 0.05) blood non-esterified fatty acids by 50%, milk fat by 29%, and conjugated linoleic acid by 360%. In conclusion, feeding 4% SBO to dairy goats was a useful strategy to increase milk fat and conjugated linoleic acid without any negative effects on intake, milk yield, or milk protein content. These beneficial effects were obtained regardless goats were in TN or HS conditions.

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