Hexose synthesis by cell wall invertase activity and its effects on the roasting behaviour of macadamia kernel

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Albertson ◽  
J. K. Bursle ◽  
R. I. Forrester ◽  
C. A. McConchie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase ◽  
Pellet Fraction ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Subsequent Modification

After roast darkening (ARD) is a defect concealed in the raw macadamia kernel, only becoming evident upon roasting. Kernels susceptible to some forms of ARD reportedly have a higher glucose and fructose concentration. By developing a procedure to simulate ARD and through the inclusion of effector molecules we have demonstrated that the enzyme invertase is key to this form of ARD. Biochemical analysis of raw mature kernel has shown high invertase activity. Separating the extract into pellet and soluble fractions showed that the high invertase activity occurred in the pellet fraction containing the cell wall isoform and that the soluble fraction had little activity. A broad peak in crude cell wall invertase activity occurred between pH 3.75 and 5.0. Enzyme kinetics of the cell wall invertase from crude extracts assayed at pH 4 indicated a high level of activity (Vmax = 4.11 ± 0.55 mg glucose produced/g fresh weight tissue.h), a high affinity for sucrose (Km = 2.02 ± 0.96 mm), and inhibition by MgCl2 (K i = 71.2 ± 12.5 mm). We propose that the initial step in the processes leading to ARD in macadamia could involve membrane damage and subsequent modification of the kernel sugar composition by cell wall invertase.

Roles played by invertase and gene expression in the development of the horn-shaped gall on leaves of Rhus chinensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Yuan Ruan ◽  
Xiao-Ming Chen ◽  
Pu Yang ◽  
Bing-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase ◽  
Vacuolar Invertase ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Rhus Chinensis ◽  
Invertase Gene

The present study deals with the growth and development of the horn-shaped gall, which is induced by Schlechtendalia chinensis Bell. on leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill. The relationship between gall formers and their host plants was investigated by means of the activities of various invertases, the expressions of the cell wall invertase gene (INV2), and vacuolar invertase gene (INV3) during gall development. Our results show that the increase in the sink strength of the galls required cell wall invertase and vacuolar invertase, and that vacuolar invertase had a particular impact during the early development. In addition, vacuolar invertase activity was always significantly higher in galls than in leaves. However, ionically bound cell wall invertase showed a slightly significant increased activity level when compared with the leaves after galls had entered the fast growing period. This result indicates that vacuolar invertase is related to the rapid expansion of the galls, but ionically bound cell wall invertase is involved in the rapid growth of tissues. The enhanced activity of cell wall invertase and the expression of INV2 may be a plant response to a gall-induced stress. Cytoplasmic invertase that acts as a maintenance enzyme, or takes part in the production of secondary metabolites, was elevated when intracellular acid invertase activity decreased.

Gibberellin (GA3) Enhances Cell Wall Invertase Activity and mRNA Levels in Elongating Dwarf Pea (Pisum sativum) Shoots

1993 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu-Lai Wu ◽  
John P. Mitchell ◽  
Norman S. Cohn ◽  
Peter B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase

Cell wall invertase activity in cultured tobacco tissues

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamako Obata-Sasamoto ◽  
Trevor A. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase

Effects of Copper Stress on Sucrose Metabolism in Seed of Two Rumex dentatus L. Populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Wu Xing Huang ◽  
Cong Ren ◽  
Jing Qing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase ◽  
Vacuolar Invertase ◽  
Cu Stress

Two Rumex dentatus populations, one from copper (Cu) mine and the other from uncontaminated site, were studied for sucrose metabolism of seed under Cu stress. Cu treatment significantly inhibited vacuolar invertase activity in non-metallicolous population (NMP), while it in metallicolous population (MP) was markedly higher than control. At control, cell wall invertase activity in MP showed little difference from NMP. However, after Cu treatment, cell wall invertase activity in MP was significantly higher than NMP. Activity of N/A-Inv was not affected by population or Cu treatment. Compared with control, sucrose and reducing sugars contents in MP were increased by Cu treatment, but those in NMP was decreased. Cu concentration in seed of NMP was higher than MP under Cu stress. These results suggested less Cu transported to seed and efficient sucrose metabolism in seed of MP might be partly reasons why R. dentatus can successful reproduction at Cu enriched soils.

An improved method for the measurement of cell wall invertase activity in sugarcane tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Albertson ◽  
Kirrily F. Peters ◽  
Christopher P. L. Grof
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Crude Plant Extract ◽  
Saccharum Sp ◽  
Spurious Effect ◽  
Assay Methods

Extraction and assay methods were developed for the determination of both soluble and cell wall invertase activity in sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) from minimal (0.5 g) tissue. Cell wall invertase (CWI) was measured using a pellet mix procedure and the pH optima ranged between pH 3.2 and 3.6. The pH optima for the soluble invertases were 4.5 and 7.3 for soluble acid (SAI) and neutral (NI) invertase, respectively. At low pH, acid hydrolysis of sucrose was observed and its spurious effect on measured enzyme activity was removed by the inclusion of additional controls run in parallel, which lacked crude plant extract. Invertase activity was examined in sugarcane tissues of varying ages. In leaves and stem, the SAI activity was greatly reduced in mature tissue extracts. Similarly, the CWI activity was reduced in older leaves. In contrast, a less marked drop in NI activity was observed in extracts from old leaves and activity from stem extracts remained constant irrespective of tissue age. The role of SAI has been linked to growth and differentiation and these observations suggest that CWI may also be intrinsically involved in these processes. NI appears to have a housekeeping role in maintaining hexose concentrations within the cytosol.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomics responses to elevated cell wall invertase activity during tomato fruit set

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (15) ◽  
pp. 4263-4279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Ru ◽  
Sonia Osorio ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Alisdair R Fernie ◽  
John W Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase

scholarly journals A cell wall invertase controls nectar volume and sugar composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzu Minami ◽  
Xiaojun Kang ◽  
Clay J. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
Cell Wall Invertase ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACTFlowering plants produce nectar to attract pollinators. The main nectar sugars are sucrose, glucose, and fructose, which can vary widely in ratio and concentration across species.Brassicaspp. produce a hexose-dominant nectar (high in the monosaccharides glucose and fructose) with very low levels of the disaccharide sucrose. Cell wall invertases (CWINVs) catalyze the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose in the apoplast. We found thatBrCWINV4Ais highly expressed in the nectaries ofBrassica rapa. Moreover, abrcwinv4anull mutant has (1) greatly reduced cell wall invertase activity in the nectaries, and (2) produces a sucrose-rich nectar with little hexose content, but (3) with significantly less volume. These results were recapitulated via exogenous application of an invertase inhibitor to wild-type flowers. Honeybees prefer nectars with some sucrose, but wild-typeB. rapaflowers were much more heavily visited than those ofbrcwinv4a, suggesting that the potentially attractive sucrose-rich nectar ofbrcwinv4acould not compensate for its low volume. These results cumulatively indicate that BrCWINV4A is not only essential for producing a hexose-rich nectar, but also support a model of nectar secretion in which its hydrolase activity is required for maintaining a high intracellular-to-extracellular sucrose ratio that facilitates the continuous export of sucrose into the apoplast via SWEET9. Extracellular hydrolysis of each sucrose into two hexoses byBrCWINV4Aalso likely creates the osmotic potential required for nectar droplet formation. In summary, modulation of CWINV activity can at least partially account for naturally occurring differences in nectar volume and sugar composition.

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