Copper-molybdenum-sulphate interaction in induction of Ovine hypocupraemia and hypocuprosis

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
KN Wynne ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

A basal diet containing 6.2 p.p.m. copper, 0.8 p.p.m. molybdenum, and 0.04 per cent. inorganic sulphate was fed unsupplenlented to one group of sheep. Four other groups were fed on the same diet supplemented with ammonium molybdate to give a molybdenum content of 5.1 p.p.m. or with sodium sulphate to give an inorganic sulphate content of 0.40 per cent., or with both. Sheep on the unsupplemented basal diet showed no marked disturbance of their liver and blood copper concentrations. Sheep maintained for 50 weeks on the diet containing both molybdenum and sulphate supplements showed a progressive fall in liver and blood copper levels, and developed dystrophic wool and hypochromatrichia. On a restricted feed intake of the same diet, sheep displayed a similar fall in liver copper and similar wool changes, but maintained a normal blood copper level for a longer period before developing hypocupraemia. Hypochromatrichia appeared to develop in this group before hypocupraemia was evident. With only the sulphate supplement added to the basal diet, liver copper concentrations fell, but not to a level associated with hypocupraemia. With only the molybdenum supplement added to the basal diet, copper retention by the liver was depressed to a small, but significant extent compared with the controls. The diet of the groups showing evidence of hypocuprosis approximately reproduced the mean copper, molybdenum, and sulphate status of the feed in an area in New South Wales enzootically affected with hypocuprosis. It is concluded that hypocuprosis in this area at least is explicable in terms of copper-molybdenum-sulphate interaction.

Copper-molybdenum-sulphate-manganese interaction and the copper status of cattle

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Mylrea
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

The influence of molybdenum, inorganic sulphate, and manganese upon the copper status of cattle was investigated. The mean liver copper concentration increased for steers on a basal diet containing 7.6 p.p.m. copper, 2.4 p.p.m. molybdenum, 91 p.p.m. manganese, and 0.03 per cent. sulphate. In steers on a similar diet but with the sulphate content increased to 0.55 per cent., with or without an increase in the manganese content to 391 p.p.m., there was a highly significant reduction (P=0.01) in the liver copper concentrations but not to low levels. There was also a significant (P=0.01) increase in the serum inorganic sulphate levels. On increasing the molybdenum content to 9.2 p.p.m. there was a further reduction, to low levels, in the liver and blood copper concentrations of steers on the high sulphate diets but there was no definite effect on those on the low sulphate diet. Manganese again appeared to be without effect. It was concluded that there was a molybdenum-sulphate interaction with copper in cattle but that, under the conditions of this trial, manganese was without effect. Despite the very low liver and blood copper levels attained, and maintained for 15 weeks, there was no clinical evidence of hypocuprosis. The mineral and sulphate levels applied in some of these treatments are similar to those found in pastures from areas in New South Wales where copper deficiency in cattle occurs. The levels in pastures, as related to the results of this trial, are discussed.

Glycosaminoglycan turn-over in articular cartilage

1975 ◽  
Vol 271 (912) ◽  
pp. 293-313 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Sulphate Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Turn Over

Glycosaminoglycan turn-over has been studied both in vivo and in vitro , by using sodium [ 35 S]sulphate as a precursor. The in vivo experiments were performed on rabbits and dogs, taking special care to monitor the 35 S radioactivity in the serum throughout the experiment and to measure the radioactivity due to unincorporated inorganic [ 35 S] sulphate in cartilage at the end of each experiment, in addition to that due to incorporated sulphate. The inorganic sulphate content of the serum was also determined as well as the distribution coefficient for the inorganic sulphate ion between cartilage and serum. From this information it was possible to calculate accurately the rate of sulphate uptake by cartilage in vivo and hence the turn-over rate. Experiments were then performed in vitro on cartilage from rabbits and dogs and the in vivo and in vitro results were compared. A very good agreement was obtained between the two sets of results. Studies were then carried out under exactly the same in vitro conditions on human articular cartilage and it was thus possible to obtain a turn-over rate for the latter which one could trust was close to the actual in vivo value. The mean half-lives thus obtained varied from 45 days for the young rabbit to 150 days for the adult dog and 800 days for the human femoral head. In human cartilage there were considerable variations in turn-over rate within a single joint as a function of depth below the surface, and between different joints. Thus, while the mean half-life for the human femoral head is 800 days, that for the femoral condyle is 300 days. Cartilage from osteoarthrosic femoral heads did not appear to differ much with respect to sulphate uptake from the normal specimens although the turn-over rates were somewhat higher.

Sulphur metabolism and excretion studies in ruminants. IV. Cystine and sulphate effects upon the flow of sulphur from the rumen and upon sulphur excretion by sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird ◽  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Basal Ration

In a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment, sheep were fed on a basal ration which supplied 0.61 g sulphur per day, or the basal ration supplemented with 1.4 g inorganic sulphate sulphur, or 1.4 g cystine sulphur, or 1.4 g sulphate sulphur plus 1.4 g cystine sulphur per day. All forms of sulphur supplements increased the daily flow of protein sulphur from the rumen to the omasum (P < 0.05) above basal. Only the cystine treatments increased the flow of sulphide (P < 0.005), ester sulphate (P < 0.005), soluble organic sulphur (P < 0.05), and cystine (P < 0.05), and increased the ruminal sulphide concentrations above basal (P < 0.005). From 7.0 to 12.6% of the added cystine was not degraded in the rumen. In three animals less than 3 % of the added sulphate, alone or in combination with cystine, passed unchanged to the omasum. The fourth animal (67) differed from the others (P < 0.05): the added sulphate was poorly reduced in the rumen, and 62% reached the omasum unchanged. The sulphur composition of the digesta collected from the omasum was: protein sulphur, 55-70%; soluble organic sulphur, 13-22%; inorganic sulphate sulphur (excluding sheep 67), 2.2-2.6 %; ester sulphate sulphur, 1.8-3.4 %; and sulphide, 0.4-28%. Excluding sheep 67, 36% of the dietary sulphur was absorbed from the rumen when the sulphur was added as sodium sulphate or as cystine, and 50 % when added in both forms together. There was a net addition of 0.45 g sulphur per day to the rumen on the basal diet. The influence of the amount and the form of the dietary sulphur on the excretion of faecal and urinary sulphur fractions is discussed.

A note on an apparent copper deficiency in cattle in central coastal New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davies H Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

Hereford-type steers were grazed at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ha-1 on a Paspalum dilatatum dominant pasture for three years at Bringelly, New South Wales. There were large differences in mean daily liveweight gain between replicates; sometimes steers at the lowest stocking rate had a lower mean daily liveweight gain than those run at higher stocking rates. The mean plasma copper concentration varied from 0.28 to 0.41 �g ml-1 for the steers on the plots having a low liveweight gain and 0.50 to 0.87 for steers a with higher daily gain. The mean liver copper content varied from 11 to 46 mg kg-1. The copper concentration in the pasture ranged from 7 to 16 mg kg-1. The range in molybdenum concentration was from 0.08 to 0.38 mg kg-1. The plasma and liver copper data suggest that some of the poorer performance may have been due to copper deficiency in the animals but this was not caused by the low levels of copper in the pasture nor induced by high levels of molybdenum.

Studies on the assimilation and storage of copper in crossbred sheep.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
AT Dick
Keyword(s):  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Copper Storage ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
And Storage

Experiments reported in this paper show that increased copper intake of sheep is reflected by increased copper content of the liver. The magnitude of the rise in liver copper depends upon a number of factors, but under the described conditions, the amount of copper accumulated by the animal is proportional to the copper intake within the range 3-20 mg per day; the amount stored in the liver over a 6 months1 period was found to be 4.5-5 per cent. of the intake. Some of the conditions which may modify the retention of copper were examined. It was found that the addition of ferrous sulphide to the diet, which presumably converts added copper to the insoluble sulphide, lowered the expected copper accumulation in the liver by 75 per cent. Conditions which may modify this effect of ferrous sulphide have been examined and described. Other possible sources of sulphur for the formation of copper sulphide in the animal (elemental sulphur, sodium thiosulphate) were found not to be effective. The effects of some other metals (zinc, nickel, iron, and molybdenum) on copper accumulation in the liver were examined. Molybdenum was found to have a severely limiting effect, but this effect was only observed when the diet also contained a sufficient quantity of inorganic sulphate. For a given intake of molybdenum the limitation of copper storage was found to be proportional to the sulphate content of the diet. The possible bearing of these experimental findings on conflicting field observations relating to copper metabolism of sheep is discussed.

Sodium salt scaling in black liquor evaporators and the effects of the addition of tall oil brine

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Karlsson ◽  
Anders Åkesjö
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Salt Scaling ◽  
Primary Nucleation

AbstractSodium salt scaling, i. e. the formation of doubles salts comprised of sodium, carbonate and sulphate on the heat transfer surfaces, is a common problem that occurs during black liquor evaporation. In this study, experimental results are presented that provide new insights into the formation and composition of such scales and how they are influenced by the addition of tall oil brine. It was found that increased content of sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate in the black liquor increased scaling, while the ratio between carbonate and sulphate had a lesser influence than reported in other studies. Black liquor created loose clay-like scales comprised of aggregated crystals and black liquor, whereas salt solutions created hard mineral-like scales. The scales formed by both the black liquor and the salt solution showed a tendency to fall off during formation after primary nucleation. It was also found that both tall oil soap and alkalized tall oil brine could inhibit the formation of scales. The inhibition effect is stronger if adding the soap or brine just before scaling starts, but also depends on the amount added, the sodium carbonate and sodium sulphate content in the liquor as well as other factors.

How adolescents perceive that community-based exercise improves their well-being

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-459
Author(s):  
Kevin Rourke ◽  
Coralie J Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Team Games ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Energy Survey

Objectives: To determine if adolescents perceive community-based exercise as beneficial to their well-being and in what ways. Methods: A New South Wales Police Citizens Youth Club ran a four-week fitness course. The classes involved: 1) sports including basketball and soccer, 2) non-contact boxing drills, and 3) games, both team games such as dodgeball and non-team games such as line tag. Parental consent to offer a survey at the completion of the course was requested during registration. The survey was the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale; it was minimally modified to measure perceived benefit to mental well-being instead of actual benefit. Results: Thirty-one high school adolescents, ages 13–18, completed the survey. As a group, participants reported that they believed their well-being had improved after the course. The mean score for each survey item showed an improvement in every area of mental well-being for this sample of adolescents. Thirty-two per cent of adolescents reported having less energy. Survey scores indicated a statistically significant improvement in perceived well-being ( p<0.0001). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that four weeks of community-based exercise improves perceived mental well-being in adolescent participants.

scholarly journals The role of organic sulphur in the copper-molybdenum-S interrelationship in ruminant nutrition

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Suttle
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Organic S ◽  
Treatment Variation ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur ◽  
Design Experiments

1. The ability of organic and inorganic sulphur to influence the copper and molybdenum metabolism of sheep was compared in a series of three 2 × 2 factorial design experiments. In each experiment, four groups of five to seven hypocupraemic ewes were repleted with a basal diet supplemented with 6 mg Cu/kg and containing S and Mo at one of two concentrations, 1 or 4 g S and 0.5 or 4.5 mg Mo/kg respectively. Sodium sulphate (Expt 1), methionine (Expt 2) or cysteine (Expt 3) were used as the S sources. Cu and Mo concentrations in plasma were estimated in each experiment and in Expt 3 the concentrations of Cu in liver and Mo in urine were also estimated.2. The effects of the three S sources on Cu and Mo metabolism were similar. Repletion of the plasma Cu pool was unaffected by Mo alone, reduced by S alone and totally inhibited by Mo + S. Plasma Mo was greatly increased by Mo supplements, slightly decreased by S supplements and unaffected by Mo and S supplements given together.3. In Expt 3 the treatments were found to affect urinary Mo and plasma Mo in a similar manner; S prevented dietary Mo from increasing Mo excretion. The only group to show a significant repletion of the liver Cu pool was that given Mo alone.4. Supplementation of the diet with organic S significantly reduced the within-treatment variation in plasma Cu and Mo, liver Cu and urinary Mo.5. It is suggested that variations in dietary S and Mo within the normal range for herbage affect the Cu and Mo metabolism of the grazing animal, and that total S rather than inorganic S is the more useful measurement in the context of the Cu–Mo–S interrelationship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document