Copper-molybdenum-sulphate-manganese interaction and the copper status of cattle

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Mylrea
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

The influence of molybdenum, inorganic sulphate, and manganese upon the copper status of cattle was investigated. The mean liver copper concentration increased for steers on a basal diet containing 7.6 p.p.m. copper, 2.4 p.p.m. molybdenum, 91 p.p.m. manganese, and 0.03 per cent. sulphate. In steers on a similar diet but with the sulphate content increased to 0.55 per cent., with or without an increase in the manganese content to 391 p.p.m., there was a highly significant reduction (P=0.01) in the liver copper concentrations but not to low levels. There was also a significant (P=0.01) increase in the serum inorganic sulphate levels. On increasing the molybdenum content to 9.2 p.p.m. there was a further reduction, to low levels, in the liver and blood copper concentrations of steers on the high sulphate diets but there was no definite effect on those on the low sulphate diet. Manganese again appeared to be without effect. It was concluded that there was a molybdenum-sulphate interaction with copper in cattle but that, under the conditions of this trial, manganese was without effect. Despite the very low liver and blood copper levels attained, and maintained for 15 weeks, there was no clinical evidence of hypocuprosis. The mineral and sulphate levels applied in some of these treatments are similar to those found in pastures from areas in New South Wales where copper deficiency in cattle occurs. The levels in pastures, as related to the results of this trial, are discussed.

Copper-molybdenum-sulphate interaction in induction of Ovine hypocupraemia and hypocuprosis

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
KN Wynne ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

A basal diet containing 6.2 p.p.m. copper, 0.8 p.p.m. molybdenum, and 0.04 per cent. inorganic sulphate was fed unsupplenlented to one group of sheep. Four other groups were fed on the same diet supplemented with ammonium molybdate to give a molybdenum content of 5.1 p.p.m. or with sodium sulphate to give an inorganic sulphate content of 0.40 per cent., or with both. Sheep on the unsupplemented basal diet showed no marked disturbance of their liver and blood copper concentrations. Sheep maintained for 50 weeks on the diet containing both molybdenum and sulphate supplements showed a progressive fall in liver and blood copper levels, and developed dystrophic wool and hypochromatrichia. On a restricted feed intake of the same diet, sheep displayed a similar fall in liver copper and similar wool changes, but maintained a normal blood copper level for a longer period before developing hypocupraemia. Hypochromatrichia appeared to develop in this group before hypocupraemia was evident. With only the sulphate supplement added to the basal diet, liver copper concentrations fell, but not to a level associated with hypocupraemia. With only the molybdenum supplement added to the basal diet, copper retention by the liver was depressed to a small, but significant extent compared with the controls. The diet of the groups showing evidence of hypocuprosis approximately reproduced the mean copper, molybdenum, and sulphate status of the feed in an area in New South Wales enzootically affected with hypocuprosis. It is concluded that hypocuprosis in this area at least is explicable in terms of copper-molybdenum-sulphate interaction.

The relation between herbage copper, EDTA-extractable soil copper and species composition in pastures growing on a range of soil types

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Beavington ◽  
WA Wright
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
New South ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Supporting Soil ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Extractable Soil

A survey of the copper status of herbage and its supporting soil over various soil parent materials (all with acid soils) on part of the coast of New South Wales showed levels of herbage copper ranging from < 1 to 14 ppm, EDTA-extractable soil copper from 0.2 to 32 ppm and a correlation between these two variables of r = 0.51 (P < 0,001). Very low levels of herbage copper were associated with high proportions of inferior grasses and both were associated with low 'available' soil copper. High levels of herbage copper were associated with high proportions of clover though not necessarily with the highest levels of 'available' soil copper. The content of molybdenum in herbage varied widely giving many very low copper/molybdenum ratios.

Glycosaminoglycan turn-over in articular cartilage

1975 ◽  
Vol 271 (912) ◽  
pp. 293-313 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Human Articular Cartilage ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Sulphate Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Turn Over

Glycosaminoglycan turn-over has been studied both in vivo and in vitro , by using sodium [ 35 S]sulphate as a precursor. The in vivo experiments were performed on rabbits and dogs, taking special care to monitor the 35 S radioactivity in the serum throughout the experiment and to measure the radioactivity due to unincorporated inorganic [ 35 S] sulphate in cartilage at the end of each experiment, in addition to that due to incorporated sulphate. The inorganic sulphate content of the serum was also determined as well as the distribution coefficient for the inorganic sulphate ion between cartilage and serum. From this information it was possible to calculate accurately the rate of sulphate uptake by cartilage in vivo and hence the turn-over rate. Experiments were then performed in vitro on cartilage from rabbits and dogs and the in vivo and in vitro results were compared. A very good agreement was obtained between the two sets of results. Studies were then carried out under exactly the same in vitro conditions on human articular cartilage and it was thus possible to obtain a turn-over rate for the latter which one could trust was close to the actual in vivo value. The mean half-lives thus obtained varied from 45 days for the young rabbit to 150 days for the adult dog and 800 days for the human femoral head. In human cartilage there were considerable variations in turn-over rate within a single joint as a function of depth below the surface, and between different joints. Thus, while the mean half-life for the human femoral head is 800 days, that for the femoral condyle is 300 days. Cartilage from osteoarthrosic femoral heads did not appear to differ much with respect to sulphate uptake from the normal specimens although the turn-over rates were somewhat higher.

Changes in relative abundance of sharks and rays on Australian South East Fishery trawl grounds after twenty years of fishing

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Graham ◽  
N. L. Andrew ◽  
K. E. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Catch Rate ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Catch Rates

Upper continental slope trawling grounds (200–650 m depth) off New South Wales were surveyed with the same vessel and trawl gear and similar sampling protocols in 1976–77 (during the early years of commercial exploitation) and in 1996–97. The 1996–97 mean catch rate of sharks and rays, pooled for the main 15 species (or species groups), was ~20% of the 1976–77 mean. Individual catch rates were substantially lower in 1996–97 for 13 of the 15 species or species groups. The greatest decline was observed for dogsharks of the genus Centrophorus, which were most abundant in 1976–77 but rarely caught 20 years later. In contrast, 1996–97 catch rates of spiky dogshark (Squalus megalops) and, to a lesser extent, whitefin swell shark (Cephaloscyllium sp. A) were similar to those in 1976–77. Trawling during 1979–81 provided data for nine species, albeit not corrected for larger gear size, and the pooled mean catch rate for sharks and rays in the depth range 300–525 m was ~28% of the mean for 1976–77. The results suggest that the biomass of most species of sharks and rays declined rapidly as the fishery developed and is now at very low levels.

Genetic and environmental effects on a temperament score in beef cattle

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
CA Morris
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
New South ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

Temperament scores were taken on 8-month-old calves from five calf drops (1976-80) and over three sections of a large crossbreeding trial on the North Coast of New South Wales. A 0-5 scale was used, with lower values for quieter cattle. The heritability �s.e. of temperament score of Bos taurus calves (sired by Hereford, Simmental and Friesian bulls) was 0.03�0.28, and for B. indicus-sired calves (Brahman, Braford and Africander bulls) 0.46�0.37, and for all data combined 0.44�0.25. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the mean score of Brahman-sired halfbred calves (1.96) and B. taurus-sired calves (1.05). The difference was halved to 0.45 points for quarterbred Brahman calves versus B. taurus calves, i.e. as expected for an additive trait. There were significant differences in temperament among calves sired by B. indicus bulls, but there were no significant differences amongst the B. taurus sire breeds. The repeatability (mean � s.e.) of operators' score of 701 weaner calves was 0.67�0.08. From temperament scores of 315 cows at weaning in 1981, an operator repeatability of 0.82�0.08 was obtained. Correlations of cow and calf score were not consistent, but averaged 0.18�0.04 from 547 records. The repeatability of scores taken at two separate times on 132 calves, was 0.43�0.09. The group given a medium level of nutrition had significantly higher temperament scores than those given high or low levels. Sex effects were not significant on scores at weaning. A log transformation of the data equalized the variance of scores of different breeds, but did not affect the conclusions.

A note on an apparent copper deficiency in cattle in central coastal New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davies H Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

Hereford-type steers were grazed at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ha-1 on a Paspalum dilatatum dominant pasture for three years at Bringelly, New South Wales. There were large differences in mean daily liveweight gain between replicates; sometimes steers at the lowest stocking rate had a lower mean daily liveweight gain than those run at higher stocking rates. The mean plasma copper concentration varied from 0.28 to 0.41 �g ml-1 for the steers on the plots having a low liveweight gain and 0.50 to 0.87 for steers a with higher daily gain. The mean liver copper content varied from 11 to 46 mg kg-1. The copper concentration in the pasture ranged from 7 to 16 mg kg-1. The range in molybdenum concentration was from 0.08 to 0.38 mg kg-1. The plasma and liver copper data suggest that some of the poorer performance may have been due to copper deficiency in the animals but this was not caused by the low levels of copper in the pasture nor induced by high levels of molybdenum.

Studies on the assimilation and storage of copper in crossbred sheep.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
AT Dick
Keyword(s):  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Copper Storage ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
And Storage

Experiments reported in this paper show that increased copper intake of sheep is reflected by increased copper content of the liver. The magnitude of the rise in liver copper depends upon a number of factors, but under the described conditions, the amount of copper accumulated by the animal is proportional to the copper intake within the range 3-20 mg per day; the amount stored in the liver over a 6 months1 period was found to be 4.5-5 per cent. of the intake. Some of the conditions which may modify the retention of copper were examined. It was found that the addition of ferrous sulphide to the diet, which presumably converts added copper to the insoluble sulphide, lowered the expected copper accumulation in the liver by 75 per cent. Conditions which may modify this effect of ferrous sulphide have been examined and described. Other possible sources of sulphur for the formation of copper sulphide in the animal (elemental sulphur, sodium thiosulphate) were found not to be effective. The effects of some other metals (zinc, nickel, iron, and molybdenum) on copper accumulation in the liver were examined. Molybdenum was found to have a severely limiting effect, but this effect was only observed when the diet also contained a sufficient quantity of inorganic sulphate. For a given intake of molybdenum the limitation of copper storage was found to be proportional to the sulphate content of the diet. The possible bearing of these experimental findings on conflicting field observations relating to copper metabolism of sheep is discussed.

Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Arora ◽  
R. S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Androgen Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17β, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P < 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P < 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = −0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2–5 before the onset of oestrus.

How adolescents perceive that community-based exercise improves their well-being

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-459
Author(s):  
Kevin Rourke ◽  
Coralie J Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Team Games ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Energy Survey

Objectives: To determine if adolescents perceive community-based exercise as beneficial to their well-being and in what ways. Methods: A New South Wales Police Citizens Youth Club ran a four-week fitness course. The classes involved: 1) sports including basketball and soccer, 2) non-contact boxing drills, and 3) games, both team games such as dodgeball and non-team games such as line tag. Parental consent to offer a survey at the completion of the course was requested during registration. The survey was the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale; it was minimally modified to measure perceived benefit to mental well-being instead of actual benefit. Results: Thirty-one high school adolescents, ages 13–18, completed the survey. As a group, participants reported that they believed their well-being had improved after the course. The mean score for each survey item showed an improvement in every area of mental well-being for this sample of adolescents. Thirty-two per cent of adolescents reported having less energy. Survey scores indicated a statistically significant improvement in perceived well-being ( p<0.0001). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that four weeks of community-based exercise improves perceived mental well-being in adolescent participants.

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