A pedological study of phosphorus in 12 soils derived from granite

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wild
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
Parent Rocks

Chemical analysis of 12 soil profiles on granite showed that all except two had lost phosphate by leaching. The loss of phosphorus from each profile is calculated in grams per sq centimetre of profile surface, and as a percentage of the amount originally present. Three methods of calculation are used, each being based on one of the following assumptions as to the changes which take place on rock weathering: that there is (a) no change in weight, (b) no change in volume, (c) no loss of zirconium. The three methods are generally consistent in showing which soils are the most leached and which are the least leached. The estimated loss of phosphorus from each profile depends on which assumption is made. There is no simple correlation between the loss of phosphorus and the present rainfall. Reasons which are suggested are that the soils differ in age, in level of organic matter, and possibly in the rates of weathering of the parent rocks. Up to two-thirds of the phosphorus retained in the soil is chemically bound by the free oxides of iron and aluminium.

Forms of Lead in Profiles of Differently Use Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Makuch
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Allotment Gardens ◽  
Arable Field ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
The Town ◽  
House Gardens ◽  
Humus Horizons

Abstract In order to determine the influence of intensive horticulture on the amount of lead and its fraction contents, there were selected soil profiles from following objects to be researched: house gardens and allotment gardens from town areas and arable field on the outskirts of the town. It has not been determined that there is any influence of manner usage on total lead content as well as its distribution in soil profiles. The fractionation composition has created the following series: fraction IV > fraction III > fraction II > fraction I. The manner of usage has influenced the content and distribution the III fraction of lead connected with organic matter. Humus horizons of garden soils is characterized as the highest in its content.

scholarly journals SEDIMENTOLOGIA DE LAGUNAS COSTERAS: CIENAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA Y CIENAGA DE PAJARALES

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys Bernal ◽  
Julliet Betancur
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deltaic Plain ◽  
Magdalena River

Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and Ciénaga de Pajarales are the two main lagoons of the marginal lagunar system at the deltaic floodplain of Magdalena river, Caribbean coast of Colombia. A systematic surficial sampling was carried out in such lagoons and Salamanca coast. A sporadic sampling was done in other places of the deltaic plain. This paper presents results about grain size, mineralogy, organic matter contents, CaCOa contents, X ray diffraction and chemical analysis of salts for sediments. Sedimentologic charts, distribution schemes and provenience notes are presented.

scholarly journals Composition of eroded carbon during its journey through a tropical watershed: a clue to the question whether it is source or sink of CO<sub>2</sub>

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 18175-18192
Author(s):  
C. Rumpel ◽  
V. Chaplot ◽  
P. Ciais ◽  
A. Chabbi ◽  
B. Bouahom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Small Watershed ◽  
15N Isotope ◽  
Lateral Transport ◽  
Vertical Decomposition ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Tropical Watershed

Abstract. In order to assess whether eroded carbon is a net source or sink of atmospheric CO2, characterisation of the chemical composition and residence time of eroded organic matter (EOM) at the landscape level is needed. This information is crucial to evaluate how fast EOM can be decomposed by soil microbes during its lateral transport. This study considers a continuum of scales to measure the fate of EOM during its transport, across a steep hillslope landscape of the Mekong basin, with intense erosion. Here we show that changes in the chemical composition of EOM (measured by NMR spectroscopy) and in its 13C and 15N isotope composition provide consistent evidence for EOM decomposition during the lateral transport of carbon on time scales of less than 50 yr across distances of 10 km. Between individual soil units (1 m2) to a small watershed (107 m2), the observed 28% decrease of the C/N ratio and the enrichment of 13C and 15N isotopes in EOM is of similar magnitude than the enrichment with depth in soil profiles due to soil organic matter "vertical" decomposition. Radiocarbon measurements indicated that these changes are not related to the slow transformation of soil carbon during pedogenesis, but rather to an acceleration of the SOM stabilisation process during its journey through the watershed.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Total Soil Organic Matter and Humin Fraction and Its Comparison with 14C Ages of Fossil Charcoal

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C R Pessenda ◽  
S E M Gouveia ◽  
R Aravena
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
North Central ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Humin Fraction

During the last decade radiocarbon dating has been used extensively in distinct regions of Brazil to provide information about soil chronology in paleoenvironmental studies. This paper presents 14C data of soil organic matter (SOM), humin fraction, and charcoal in several soil profiles under natural vegetation from different Brazil locations (north, central, and southeast regions). The main objective is to compare the obtained 14C dating of total SOM with humin, the oldest fraction of SOM. In order to validate the humin ages these data are compared with the age of charcoal collected at similar depths. The 14C ages obtained on charcoal were, in most of the cases, in agreement with the humin fraction considering the experimental errors, or 20% older in average. The dates obtained from total SOM showed significantly younger ages than the humin fraction indicating contamination by younger carbon. These results show the humin fraction is considered a reliable material for 14C dating in soils. However, the humin fraction ages could be assumed as the minimum ages for carbon in soils.

EFFECT OF POOL BOTTOM SUBSTRATE ON RESIDUES AND BIOACTIVITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS, AGAINST LARVAE OF CULEX TARSALIS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1269-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Rawn ◽  
G. R. B. Webster ◽  
G. M. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Temporary Pools ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Larval Control ◽  
Bottom Substrate

AbstractThe bioactivity and disappearance of chlorpyrifos in Dursban® 2.5 G and M formulations was studied in the laboratory and in the field in temporary pools lined with sod, clay, or sand substrate. The activity and presence of chlorpyrifos in the water was determined by bioassay with Culex tarsalis Coquillett larvae and chemical analysis by gas-liquid chromatography.The tests indicated that, at equal rates of application in pools with organic matter or clay substrate, the 2.5 G formulation resulted in lower chlorpyrifos concentrations than the Dursban M, but provided periods of larval mortality equal to or greater than the M formulation except in laboratory sod-lined pools. At a given application, the shortest period of larval mortality and lowest detectable residues occurred in sod-lined pools, whereas in the sand-lined pools, the longest period of larval control and the highest residual concentration of chlorpyrifos in the water was encountered.

The Characteristic and Mechanism of Lead Pollution in Soil Profiles from a Sulphuric Acid Slag Pile Sit in Guangdong,China

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yong Liu ◽  
Xun An Ning
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Plant ◽  
Main Factors

The soil samples in a profile were collected around the pyrite slag pile site near a sulfuric acid plant in Guangdong province and the contents of lead were investigated detail. At the same time, the mechanism of lead pollution was principium analyzed. The research found that the lead pollutants were mainly concentrated in soils surface layer about 0-10cm and shown characteristics of contents rapidly decreasing along the uprights. the main factors that affected the transference of lead from the slag to the soil were the filtering by acid rain and itself acidification of the slag. Iron oxide colloid and organic matter may have been responsible for the lead retention in soil.<b></b>

A MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PODSOL SOIL PROFILES

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. H. Gray ◽  
N. B. McMaster
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Microbiological Study ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
Production Of Ammonia

Microbiological studies of samples from the separate horizons and from different depths of soils of the Appalachian upland podsol group show that the activity of the micro-organisms is dependent upon the organic-matter relations in the horizons. The organic-matter horizon is biologically the most active, as shown by analyses for carbon dioxide, nitrate nitrogen, numbers of bacteria, and production of ammonia from urea. Evidence is submitted that the reduced activity of the leached layer and the horizons of accumulation is not due to toxic compounds produced by leaching of the organic matter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document