Increased growth and uptake of nutrients by corn plants treated with low levels of simazine

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Freney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Simazine applications of 1.5 p.p.m. to soil in pots in a glasshouse increased dry matter yields and uptake of nitrogen in corn only when additional nitrogen was applied to the soil. The proportions of protein and non-protein nitrogen in the topgrowth were not affected. Application of simazine at this rate without addition of nitrogen resulted in increased leaf area but did not significantly affect yield. Simazine provided a stimulus to the plant early in its life and enabled it to grow faster than the control plant. When the supply of available nitrogen was exhausted the simazine effect decreased. When incubated with soil, simazine did not increase mineralization of soil organic nitrogen, nor did it have any effect on immobilization of mineral nitrogen. Simazine applied at 0.06 p.p.m. in solution culture increased the yield of corn tops by 36%, the uptake of nitrogen by 37%, phosphorus by 25%, magnesium by 24%, and potassium by 41 %. It had no effect on the yields of roots. The results suggest that simazine increased plant growth by a direct effect on plant metabolism and not through any interaction with the soil.

Placental nutrition in the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus: the influence of placental type

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (21) ◽  
pp. 2985-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Thompson ◽  
B.K. Speake ◽  
J.R. Stewart ◽  
K.J. Russell ◽  
R.J. McCartney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ion Energy ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Significant Uptake ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

The ion, energy, lipid, nitrogen and fat-soluble vitamin contents of freshly ovulated eggs and neonates of the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus were measured to quantify uptake of nutrients across the placenta. This species is particularly interesting because it has a chorio-allantoic placenta that is intermediate in complexity compared to viviparous species that have been the focus of other studies. Newly ovulated eggs have a wet mass of 79.6+/−4.6 mg and a dry mass of 41.8+/−2.8 mg, compared to the neonates that have a wet mass of 224.2+/−8.2 mg and dry mass of 37.9+/−1.2 mg. Thus, there is no significant net uptake of dry matter across the placenta. Neonates have significantly less lipid (6.2+/−0.4 mg) than eggs (12.7+/−0.5 mg), but no significant difference in nitrogen (4.1+/−0.3 mg) compared to eggs (4.5+/−0.2 mg). Energy densities reflect the protein and lipid composition and the relative dry masses of the eggs and neonates. There is significantly more energy (1029.1+/−80.0 J) in the egg than in the neonate (858.2+/−38.6 J). The increase in the ash content of the neonates (2.9+/−0.2 mg) compared to fresh eggs (2.1+/−0.3 mg) was not significant, even though there was an approximately threefold increase in the amount of sodium (0.11+/−0.01 mg in neonates, 0.34+/−0.01 mg in eggs) and potassium (0.12+/−0.017 in neonates, 0.40+/−0.01 mg in eggs) in neonates compared to eggs. There was no significant uptake of calcium and magnesium during development. The egg lipids consisted of triacylglycerol (66.7+/−2.3 %), phospholipid (18.9+/−0.7 %), cholesteryl ester (4.9+/−1.6 %) and free cholesterol (5.6+/−1.5 %). The egg phospholipid contained comparatively high proportions of arachidonic and eicosapentanoic acids but low levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whereas the phospholipid of the neonate was greatly enriched in DHA. In the egg, the predominant vitamin E was (α)-tocopherol (62.6+/−3.4 mg g(−)(1)), although there was some (γ)-tocotrienol (3.5+/−0.3 mg g(−)(1)), and vitamin A was present (1.5+/−0.2 mg g(−)(1)). The ratio of neonate dry mass to egg dry mass of N. metallicus (0.91) lies between that of species with type I (0.78) and type III (1.70) chorio-allantoic placentae, confirming our conclusion that the placenta of N. metallicus is functionally intermediate, as well as intermediate in complexity, between these other two types.

scholarly journals Influence of irrigation and supply of available nitrogen on growth and nutrient content of spring wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Paavo Elonen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

In the dry summer 1969 the effect of irrigation and supply of available nitrogen on the production of dry matter and on the N, P, K, Mg, and Ca content of the aerial parts of spring wheat was studied on the basis of samples collected at various stages of development from a field trial. Shoots collected from the irrigated plots (30 mm water on June 9 and 30 mm water on June 17) in the middle and at the end of June had a higher content of all the nutrients studied than those from the nonirrigated plots although at the latter date also the dry matter yield was markedly increased by irrigation. Later, the larger production of dry matter on the irrigated plots decreased this difference and resulted in equal or even somewhat lower contens of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca in the ears and straw, and also in the grains. An improvement in the supply of available nitrogen tended to increase the dry matter yield and the content of K, Mg, and Ca in the vegetative parts of the plant; the N content was increased also in the ears and grains. The positive interaction of water and nitrogen supply was distinct in the production of dry matter and in the uptake of nutrients. The high grain yields produced by irrigation and good or very good nitrogen supply were attributed, at least partly, to the more intensive uptake of nutrients during the period of vigorous growth in June. It was emphasized that the improvement of the efficiency of plant production by irrigation and placement of fertilizers may result in an impoverishment of the soil of other nutrients.

scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Corn Silage: Relationships with Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Communities

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Antonio Gallo ◽  
Francesca Ghilardelli ◽  
Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽  
Severino Zara ◽  
Barbara Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Low Levels

Sixty-four corn silages were characterized for chemicals, bacterial community, and concentrations of several fungal metabolites. Silages were grouped in five clusters, based on detected mycotoxins, and they were characterized for being contaminated by (1) low levels of Aspergillus- and Penicillium-mycotoxins; (2) low levels of fumonisins and other Fusarium-mycotoxins; (3) high levels of Aspergillus-mycotoxins; (4) high levels of non-regulated Fusarium-mycotoxins; (5) high levels of fumonisins and their metabolites. Altersetin was detected in clusters 1, 3, and 5. Rugulusovin or brevianamide F were detected in several samples, with the highest concentration in cluster 3. Emodin was detected in more than 50.0% of samples of clusters 1, 3 and 5, respectively. Kojic acid occurred mainly in clusters 1 and 2 at very low concentrations. Regarding Fusarium mycotoxins, high occurrences were observed for FB3, FB4, FA1, whereas the average concentrations of FB6 and FA2 were lower than 12.4 µg/kg dry matter. Emerging Fusarium-produced mycotoxins, such as siccanol, moniliformin, equisetin, epiequisetin and bikaverin were detected in the majority of analyzed corn silages. Pestalotin, oxaline, phenopirrozin and questiomycin A were detected at high incidences. Concluding, this work highlighted that corn silages could be contaminated by a high number of regulated and emerging mycotoxins.

CHANGES IN ALPHA- AND BETA-AMYLASE ACTIVITIES DURING THE MATURATION OF DIFFERENT BARLEY CULTIVARS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. LaBERGE ◽  
A. W. MacGREGOR ◽  
W. O. S. MEREDITH
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Unfavorable Weather

The percentage of dry matter, kernel weight, α-amylase activity and β-amylase activity, were determined at several stages of kernel development, from anthesis to harvest, in seven cultivars of Canadian barley. These included 6-row barleys (Conquest, Bonanza, and Keystone), 2-row barleys (Betzes and Centennial), and two 6-rowed selections from crosses between 2-row and 6-row barleys. The patterns for development of β-amylase enzymes were similar in all cultivars, and these activities were low initially, followed by a period of increasing activities commencing about 10 days after anthesis and reaching maximum values 20 days later; they then remained constant until the kernels were harvested. α-Amylase activity increased in all cultivars immediately after anthesis and then decreased to low levels after 10 days of kernel development. The α-amylase activities of Conquest, Bonanza, and Betzes increased again to quite high levels after maturity and just prior to delayed harvesting, owing to unfavorable weather that caused sprouting in these cultivars.

scholarly journals Different forms of nitrogen deposition show variable effects on soil organic nitrogen turnover in a temperate forest

2022 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 104212
Author(s):  
Jihui Tian ◽  
Kai Wei ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Zhenhua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Turnover

Tillage effects on labile pools of soil organic nitrogen in a semi-humid climate of Argentina: A long-term field study

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Martínez ◽  
Juan A. Galantini ◽  
Matias E. Duval ◽  
Fernando M. López
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Term Field

scholarly journals Gafsa rock phosphate and triple superphosphate for dry matter production and P uptake by corn

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossini Mattos Corrêa ◽  
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Silvana Keely de Sá Souza ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Gleibson Barbosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Corn Plants

Crops in general make poor use of phosphorous fertilizer and, as a result, recommended rates and production costs are very high. Phosphorus can be made more readily available to plants by proper management of phosphate fertilization, selecting both, type of fertilizer and application method. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the natural Gafsa rock phosphate and the triple superphosphate on dry matter production and P uptake by corn plants cultivated in a greenhouse. Fertilizers were applied localized and broadcast/incorporated on to two soils with contrasting phosphorus capacity factors (PCF). Rock phosphate broadcast application was as efficient as triple superphosphate in increasing corn plant dry matter in the Tropudult, with lower PCF. This effect was not observed on the Haplustox, owing to the lower P solubility due to the higher Ca concentration in this soil. Triple superphosphate rates increased plant P uptake in both soils and for both application forms. Rock phosphate resulted in higher P-content in plants, but only for broadcast application on the Ultisol.

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