The occurrence of Peanut Mottle virus in Queensland

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Behncken
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point

A disease causing a mottle in the leaves of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the Mingaroy district of Queensland has been shown to be caused by a virus which appears to be indistinguishable from peanut mottle virus. This virus has not previously been reported in Australia. The virus was sap-transmissible to a range of plants, all but one of which were in the Leguminosae, but the only hosts in the field were peanut and garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). It was shown to be transmitted in a stylet-borne manner by five aphid species including Aphis craccirora Koch, which is the most common species found infesting peanuts. The virus was also seed-transmitted and probably spread to Australia in infected seed. The virus had a thermal inactivation point between 55 and 60�C and a dilution end-point between 10-3 and 10-4, and infectivity was lost within 48 hr of storage at 25�C. Partially purified virus preparations were obtained by clarification of sap by freezing and thawing and :he addition of activated charcoal followed by differential centrifugation An antiserum with an homologous> title of 1 : 64 was prepared but no serological relationships could be demonstrated between this virus and common bean mosaic or bean yellow mosaic viruses Flexuous rod-shaped particles with a normal length of 704 nm were seen in electron micrographs of virus preparations.

Vergleich zwischen Eigenschaften des Echten Ackerbohnenmosaik-Virus und des broad bean mottle-Virus

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wetter ◽  
H. L. Paul ◽  
J. Brandes ◽  
L. Quantz
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point ◽  
Broad Bean Mottle Virus ◽  
Point Seed

Broad bean true mosaic virus (EAMV) has been studied in comparison with broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), after both viruses had been purified by the same procedure. Spectrophotometric and/or chemical determinations revealed a nucleic acid content of 32% for EAMV and 23% for BBMV. Serologically, the two viruses are unrelated since in reciprocal testings they react with their homologous antisera only. The diameter of of the particles has been determined to 25 mμ for EAMV and 20 mμ for BBMV. Further differences include thermal inactivation point, seed transmission, host range, and symptomatology.There are no indications for a relationship among both viruses as suggested in the list of Common names (Review of Applied Mycology, Vol. 35, Suppl.).

scholarly journals Effect of Two Strains of Peanut Mottle Virus on Fatty Acids, Amino Acids, and Protein of Six Peanut Lines1,2

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan R. Hovis ◽  
Clyde T. Young ◽  
Cedric W. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Mild Strain ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Starr and Florunner) and four peanut introductions (PI 261945, 261946, 261973, and 261980) were each separately inoculated with a mild strain (M2) and with the necrosis strain (N) of peanut mottle virus. The effects of these viral strains on the chemical composition of peanut seed were evaluated. The chemical characteristics varied with the type of viral infection. The greatest effect was on fatty acids and the least on the total amino acids. In general, peanuts infected with the necrosis strain showed: (1) a decrease in the percentages of stearic and oleic acids, while linoleic, arachidic, behenic, and lignoceric acids increased, (2) increases in the levels of the free amino acids glycine, alanine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine, and arginine, and (3) the total amino acids exhibited a slight decrease in aspartic acid and a slight increase in methionine. Peanuts infected with the mild strain generallly showed: (1) a slight increase in linoleic acid, (2) little effect on the free amino acids, and (3) a small increase in tyrosine and a slight decrease in serine and aspartic acid for the total amino acids. No treatment effect was noted on protein content.

Breeding Strategies of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 331-377
Author(s):  
Amal M. E. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Khaled F. M. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

scholarly journals Introgression of the Afila Gene into Climbing Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Oscar Checa ◽  
Marino Rodriguez ◽  
Xingbo Wu ◽  
Matthew Blair
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas

The pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the most important crops in temperate agriculture around the world. In the tropics, highland production is also common with multiple harvests of nearly mature seeds from climbing plant types on trellises. While the leafless variant caused by the afila gene is widely used in developing row-cropped field peas in Europe, its use for trellised garden peas has not been reported. In this study we describe a pea breeding program for a high-elevation tropical environment in the Department of Nariño in Colombia, where over 16,000 hectares of the crop are produced. The most widespread climbing varieties in the region are ‘Andina’ and ‘Sindamanoy’, both of which have high-biomass architecture with abundant foliage. They are prone to many diseases, but preferred by farmers given their long production season. This plant type is expensive to trellis, with wooden posts and plastic strings used for vine staking constituting 52% of production costs. The afila trait could reduce these costs by creating interlocking plants as they do in field peas. Therefore, our goal for this research was to develop a rapid breeding method to introduce the recessive afila gene, which replaces leaves with tendrils, into the two commercial varieties used as recurrent parents (RPs) with three donor parents (DPs)—‘Dove’, ‘ILS3575′ and ‘ILS3568′—and to measure the effect on plant height (PH) and yield potential. Our hypothesis was that the afila gene would not cause linkage drag while obtaining a leafless climbing pea variety. Backcrossing was conducted without selfing for two generations and plants were selected to recover recurrent parent characteristics. Chi-square tests showed a ratio of 15 normal leaved to one afila leaved in the BC2F2 plants, and 31:1 in the BC3F2 generation. Selecting in the last of these generations permitted a discovery of tall climbing plants that were similar to those preferred commercially, but with the stable leafless afila. The method saved two seasons compared to the traditional method of progeny testing before each backcross cycle; the peas reached the BC2F2 generation in five seasons and the BC3F2 in seven seasons. This is advantageous with trellised peas that normally require half a year to reach maturity. Leafless garden peas containing the afila gene were of the same height as recurrent parents and, by the third backcross, were equally productive, without the high biomass found in the traditional donor varieties. The value of the afila gene and the direct backcrossing scheme is discussed in terms of garden pea improvement and crop breeding.

The effect of short-term aphid feeding on the partitioning of 14CO2 photoassimilate in three legume species

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. B. Hawkins ◽  
M. I. Whitecross ◽  
M. J. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Partitioning Pattern

The short-term effects of the feeding of cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) and pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)), both Homoptera: Aphididae, on 14C translocation and plant growth of broadbean (Vicia faba L. cv. Aquadulce), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Caloona), and garden pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Victory Freezer) seedlings were investigated, but not all plant–aphid combinations were utilized. Within 10 days of infestation, aphid feeding reduced the flux of translocate to the roots, changed the assimilate partitioning pattern in affected shoots, and apparently induced assimilate sources to become assimilate sinks. Cowpea aphid feeding also caused more lateral branches to be formed in broadbean. Some of these effects may be related to the imbibing of translocate by aphids, while other effects may result from a series of interactions involving substances in the saliva of aphids, plant hormones, and the assimilate ratio of sources–sinks. The amount of radioactivity found per unit weight of aphid tissue increased between days 5 and 10 in all four plant–aphid combinations. This may indicate that the nymphs were incapable of feeding on the larger phloem elements. Except for the decreased rate of translocation to the roots, the effect of aphid feeding on translocation is plant–aphid species specific.

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