Body composition in vivo. III. The composition of living ruminants and its relation to the tritiated water spaces

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Precise Method

Two methods for predicting the body composition of living goats from the tritiated water spaces derived in them were proposed previously from results obtained with 11 goats. The relation of tritiated water spaces to body composition has been studied in an addltlonal 10 goats and 9 sheep, and these results together with those previousl y published have yielded a more precise method for calculating the body composition of living ruminants in terms of water, fat, protein, and ash.

Body composition in vivo. IX. The relation of body composition to the tritiated water spaces of ewes and wethers fasted for short periods

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Space

Correlations are described between tritiated water space, total body water, fat, and protein in sheep subjected to 18–21 hr of fasting. These provide a system for estimating the body composition of living ruminants.

Studies of weaner sheep during and after a period of weight stasis. II.* Body composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Searle ◽  
NMcC Graham
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight For Age

Wether sheep (4 months old) were held at 20 kg liveweight by restricted feeding for either 4 or 6 months and then fed ad libitum. Body composition (total water, fat and protein) was estimated monthly from tritiated water (TOH) space measured in vivo, and on three occasions representative animals were slaughtered, minced and analysed. Composition at any given body weight was compared with that previously determined for animals grown without restriction (controls). Sheep slaughtered at the end of the period of weight stasis contained less protein and more water than the controls but contained a similar weight of fat. Previously derived prediction equations estimated water correctly from TOH space in these undernourished sheep, but protein was overestimated by 0.38 kg (17% of the mean) and fat was underestimated by 0.19 kg (10% of the mean). The body composition of animals slaughtered after partial or complete recovery of weight for age was normal for their weight and predictions were accurate. The sequential estimates of composition indicated that although the relationship between fat and weight differed between individuals, at any given body weight above 32 kg compensating animals and controls had a similar composition. *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 343 (1975).

Body composition in lambs and young sheep and its prediction in vivo from tritiated water space and body weight

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Water Space ◽  
Representative Samples

SUMMARYTritiated water (TOH) space was determined in sixty-one sheep of known age (3 days to 18 months). Representative samples of the minced carcass were subsequently analysed to determine body composition (water, fat, protein, ash and energy). The regressions of the weight of the various body components on TOH space and body weight reported here gave equations suitable for prediction. These were similar to equations derived from published results for adults. Combining data on young sheep and adults gave broadly based equations that could be used to predict the body composition of healthy sheep of all ages from 3 days to adults.

scholarly journals Prediction of the <i>in vivo</i> Body Composition of Pigs Based on Cross- Sectional Region Analysis of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scans

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
A. Scholz ◽  
V. Pursel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Dxa Scans

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cross-sectional scan as an alternative to the total body DXA scan for predicting the body composition of pigs in vivo. A total of 212 pigs (56 to 138 kg live body weight) were scanned by DXA. The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat and lean in the total body and in 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide): 5 in the front leg/thoracic region, 4 in the abdominal region, and 5 in the back leg region. Regression analysis was used to compare total body and cross-sectional DXA results and chemical analysis of total body fat, protein and water. The relation (R2) between the percentage fat in individual slices and the percentage of total body fat measured by DXA ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 and by chemical analysis from 0.71 to 0.85, respectively. The relation between the percentage of lean in the individual slices and chemical analysis for percentage of total body protein and water ranged from 0.48 to 0.60 and 0.56 to 0.76, respectively. These results indicate that total body composition of the pig can be predicted (accurately) by performing a time-saving single-pass cross-sectional scan.

The application of digital imaging techniques in the in vivo estimation of the body composition of pigs: a review

1999 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cs. Szabo ◽  
L. Babinszky ◽  
M.W.A. Verstegen ◽  
O. Vangen ◽  
A.J.M. Jansman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals Follow-up of GK rats during prediabetes highlights increased insulin action and fat deposition despite low insulin secretion

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. E168-E175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamileh Movassat ◽  
Danièle Bailbé ◽  
Cécile Lubrano-Berthelier ◽  
Françoise Picarel-Blanchot ◽  
Eric Bertin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Gk Rats

The adult Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is characterized by impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro, decreased β-cell mass, decreased insulin sensitivity in the liver, and moderate insulin resistance in muscles and adipose tissue. GK rats do not exhibit basal hyperglycemia during the first 3 wk after birth and therefore could be considered prediabetic during this period. Our aim was to identify the initial pathophysiological changes occurring during the prediabetes period in this model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). To address this, we investigated β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in normoglycemic prediabetic GK rats. Our results revealed that the in vivo secretory response of GK β-cells to glucose is markedly reduced and the whole body insulin sensitivity is increased in the prediabetic GK rats in vivo. Moreover, the body composition of suckling GK rats is altered compared with age-matched Wistar rats, with an increase of the number of adipocytes before weaning despite a decreased body weight and lean mass in the GK rats. None of these changes appeared to be due to the postnatal nutritional environment of GK pups as demonstrated by cross-fostering GK pups with nondiabetic Wistar dams. In conclusion, in the GK model of T2DM, β-cell dysfunction associated with increased insulin sensitivity and the alteration of body composition are proximal events that might contribute to the establishment of overt diabetes in adult GK rats.

In vivo assessment of body composition and growth potential of modern broiler using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (16) ◽  
pp. 1959
Author(s):  
Camila Angelica Gonçalves ◽  
Nilva Kazue Sakomura ◽  
Miryelle Freire Sarcinelli ◽  
Letícia Graziele Pacheco ◽  
Letícia Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Growing Period

Context Genetic improvements in modern strains have led to continuous increments in broiler growth rates, which, as a consequence, have resulted in higher economic returns for broiler producers over the last decades. Aim The present study was conducted to characterise the potential growth of the body and feathers of Cobb 500, Hubbard Flex and Ross 308 male and female broilers, as well as to assess the changes in chemical composition that occur up to 16 weeks of age. Methods Birds were fed isoenergetic diets divided in four phases and formulated to marginally exceed the nutritional requirements of the strains throughout the growing period. They were maintained in a controlled environment so as not to limit growth. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner was used to follow the in vivo body composition of 12 broilers of each strain and sex (total of 72 broilers), and the feather weight and composition was determined in four birds of each strain and sex selected at intervals during the growing period (total of 288 broilers) through comparative slaughter with later chemical analysis. Key results Parameters of Gompertz growth curve to describe the strains were estimated for body and feather weight as well as for the growth of their chemical components. Conclusion Differences in the growth rates between strains were evident, indicating the possible differences in selection methods used by geneticists in the different breeding companies. These genetic parameters would explain part of the variation on broiler´s performance which impacts on the way they should be fed and housed during growth. Implications The accurate description of genetic growth potential is useful information to be associated with factorial models that predict nutritional and feed intake requirements of birds. The main advantage of DXA technology is to decrease the variation of body deposition on the Gompertz model, resulting from the use of the same bird throughout its life. Despite the speed of obtaining chemical values of the body, the method is unsuitable for measuring the growth of feathers, which is also important data to be collected and related to the broiler strains.

Body composition in vivo. II. The composition of mature goats and its relationship to the antipyrine, tritiated water, and N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine spaces

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto ◽  
AR Till
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Total Body

The antipyrine, tritiated water, and N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine spaces were determined simultaneously in goats which had been deprived of feed and water for 48 hr. The animals were then killed, minced, and analysed for water, fat, protein, and ash contents. The compositions of the whole and empty bodies of the goats were calculated, and the relationships between the bodily components were compared with those reported for cattle, sheep, and some monogastric species. The relationships found between the components of the whole bodies compared favourably with those derived from the empty bodies. The relationships of the spaces determined in vivo to total body water, fat, and protein were found, and confidence statements were placed on predicted estimates.

scholarly journals The prediction of body composition in poultry by estimation in vivo of total body water with tritiated water and deuterium oxide

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Johnson ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Body

1. Birds (n169) which varied in age, live weight, nutritional history, physiological state and genotype were slaughtered and analysed for total body water. Before slaughter, birds were injected with the water isotopes tritiated water (TOH) or deuterium oxide (D2O), or both, to determine TOH space or D2O space, or both, as estimates of total body water in vivo.2. At the mean total body water of all birds determined by desiccation, of 1096·4 (SD 424·1) g, TOH space and D2O space overestimated total body water by 10·4 and 8·5 % respectively. The difference between the isotopes was significant (P< 0·05).3. Based on recovery of isotope it was postulated that the main reason for the observed overestimation of total body water in vivo was incomplete recovery of isotope due to the vacuum sublimation technique. The mean recovery (%) of added isotope to whole blood after vacuum sublimation was 93·0 (SD 2·6) and 92·4 (SD 5·5) of the theoretical concentrations of TOH and D2O respectively.4. Nevertheless, accurate prediction of total body water was obtained from regression equations which included live weight and isotope-dilution space. Values required logarithmic (base 10) transformation before derivation of linear and multiple linear regression equations, and the precision of prediction was determined by the residual standard deviation (RSD).5. Total body water could be predicted with nearly equal accuracy from live weight or isotope-dilution space (RSD 0·025 and 0·020 respectively). Prediction of carcass protein was more accurate from live weight (RSD 0·033) than from TOH space (RSD 0·036), and inclusion of both variables resulted in only a marginal decrease in RSD to 0·031.6. The prediction of carcass fat and energy was markedly improved by the inclusion of isotope-dilution space in conjunction with live weight compared with live weight alone.7. The relations show the developmental nature of body composition of domestic fowl given diets adequate in nutrients. The prediction equations demonstrate the precision possible for studies in which estimates of body composition in poultry are required without slaughter.

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