Body weight and wool production in grazing sheep given access to a supplement of urea and molasses: intake of supplement/response relationships

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
B. W. Norton ◽  
R. M. Murray ◽  
F. M. Ball ◽  
F. B. Roseby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYA technique for estimating the intake of liquid supplements by individual, grazing animals was used in a trial with 200 sheep grazing poor quality pasture and given access to a urea-molasses supplement (19%, w/v).A mathematical procedure was developed to estimate intake of supplement based on measurements of the accumulation of tritiated water (TOH) and its rate of turnover in the body of each animal after a TOH-labelled mixture had been available for a period of 7 days.In calculating the level of intake of labelled supplement, it was assumed that each animal ingested the mixture once daily over the 7-day period, since animals were observed to take the supplement daily and the daily loss of supplement from the dispenser was noarly constant. It was estimated that the combined intakes of the animals accounted for 87% of the known total loss of labelled supplement from the dispenser.Of the 200 sheep, 97 did not consume any supplement and among the other 103 animals, estimated intake varied from 5 to 550 ml/day.All sheep lost body weight during the trial, but those consuming the supplement lost significantly less weight, and grew significantly more wool during the period of supplementation, than did the sheep that did not consume the supplement.A small but significant amount of the variance (13%) in body-weight change and wool growth during supplementation was removed by multiple regression analysis, by including the intake of the supplement, faecal egg count (as an indication of parasite burden) and body weight at the start of the trial, as independent variables. Other factors not studied (e.g., dry matter intake) apparently accounted for a large proportion of the variance.The relationship between body-weight change and intake of the urea-molasses mixture was compatible with the hypothesis that the supplement was used largely as a concentrate feed, and not solely as a nitrogen supplement.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Weight Change and Body Constitutions of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Patients with Schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Fen Cheng ◽  
Xuan-Yi Huang ◽  
Te-Le Liu ◽  
Ruey-Yun Wang ◽  
Han-Yi Ching
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Body Constitution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To explore the relationship between body constitution (BC) types and weight change in patients with schizophrenia and who underwent second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) treatment.Method. Body weight and waist circumference of eighty-five participants were measured for 6 consecutive weeks. Constitutions of Yin-Xu, Yang-Xu, and Stasis were assessed using the Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ).Results. Participants with body constitutions Yin-Xu (50.6%), Yang-Xu (49.4%), or Stasis (38.8%) exhibited worse physical condition and unhealthy daily habits, particularly in Stasis constitution. Moreover, Stasis constitution was significantly associated with several factors, including BMI, body weight, waist circumference, perception of stress, perception of health, staying up late, and less physical exercise. However, perception of stress showed significant difference in Yin-Xu, Yang-Xu, and Stasis. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis revealed that significant time effects in body weight increase in the imbalanced BC types and gentleness BC type. SGAs induced weight gain in imbalanced BC type as well as gentleness BC type, especially treated with olanzapine.Conclusions. This is the first study to explore the longitudinal relationship between BC and weight gain in schizophrenia patients undergoing SGAs treatment. Health care providers should focus on weight gain problems in schizophrenia patients who underwent SGAs treatment.

Studies of weaner sheep during and after a period of weight stasis. II.* Body composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Searle ◽  
NMcC Graham
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Weight For Age

Wether sheep (4 months old) were held at 20 kg liveweight by restricted feeding for either 4 or 6 months and then fed ad libitum. Body composition (total water, fat and protein) was estimated monthly from tritiated water (TOH) space measured in vivo, and on three occasions representative animals were slaughtered, minced and analysed. Composition at any given body weight was compared with that previously determined for animals grown without restriction (controls). Sheep slaughtered at the end of the period of weight stasis contained less protein and more water than the controls but contained a similar weight of fat. Previously derived prediction equations estimated water correctly from TOH space in these undernourished sheep, but protein was overestimated by 0.38 kg (17% of the mean) and fat was underestimated by 0.19 kg (10% of the mean). The body composition of animals slaughtered after partial or complete recovery of weight for age was normal for their weight and predictions were accurate. The sequential estimates of composition indicated that although the relationship between fat and weight differed between individuals, at any given body weight above 32 kg compensating animals and controls had a similar composition. *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 343 (1975).

MO656CORRELATION BETWEEN CHANGES IN THE BODY FLUID VOLUME CALCULATED BY THE URIC ACID KINETIC MODEL AND CHANGES IN THE BODY WEIGHT*

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Nakai ◽  
Kiyoshi Ozawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Shibata ◽  
Takahiro Shinzato
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Body Fluid Volume

Abstract Background and Aims Uric acid (UA) is a solute unable to cross the cell membranes in general tissues by any of simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion or active transport. These facts imply that UA distribution volume (UDiV) equals to the extracellular fluid volume (ECFV). We have developed a method for calculating UDiV from serum uric acid levels before and after hemodialysis based on a uric acid kinetic model (Shinzato T, Int J Artif Organs 2020). Urea is evenly distributed throughout the body fluids. Therefore, the total body fluid volume (TBFV) can be calculated by using the same method as the calculation of UDiV for the serum urea level. The remaining body fluid volume, which is TBFV minus UDiV, is considered to reflect the intracellular fluid volume (ICFV). In this study, we clarified the relationship between the amount of change over time in UDiV and ICFV calculated by the uric acid kinetic model and the amount of change over time in the actual body weight of hemodialysis patients. Method Subjects were 1,101 patients with chronic maintenance hemodialysis. UDiV and ICFV before and after dialysis were calculated for two time points, December 2019 and June 2020. Results The amount of change in UDiV per body during the dialysis session showed a very good correlation with the amount of body weight change during the same dialysis (UDiV change = 0.950 x body weight change - 0.158, R-square 0.90, p < 0.0001). The amount of change in ICFV during the 6 months from December 2019 to June 2020 showed a good correlation with the amount of change in post-dialysis body weight during the same period (ICFV change = 0.270 x post-dialysis body weight change + 0. 240, R-square 0.21, p <0.0001). Conclusion These results suggest that the body fluid volume calculated by the uric acid kinetic model has high accuracy.

scholarly journals Analysis of cyclic feed intake in rats fed on a zinc-deficient diet and the level of dihydropyrimidinase (EC 3.5.2.2)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanaya Tamaki ◽  
Shigeko Fujimoto-Sakata ◽  
Mariko Kikugawa ◽  
Masae Kaneko ◽  
Satomi Onosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Zinc Deficient Diet ◽  
And Control

The body weight and feed intake of rats fed on a Zn-deficient diet for 28 d were reduced compared with those of control rats. The feed intakes of the Zn-deficient and control groups during the period were 10·2 (SE 0·3) and 15·7 (SE 0·2) g/d respectively. Cyclic variations in feed intake and body-weight changes were found in analysis not only of all the data for five rats but also that in each individual rat. Cosinor analysis revealed that the cyclical period of both the feed intake and body-weight change in the Zn-deficient rats was 3·5 (SE 0·1) d. The mesor and amplitude value of the feed intake in the Zn-deficient rats was 10 1 (SE 0·4) g/d and 3·5 (SE 0·5) g/d respectively, and that of body-weight change was 1·4 (SE 0·1) g/d and 7·9 (SE 1·3) gObihiro d respectively. Among pyrimidine-catabolizing enzymes, dihydropyrimidinase (EC3.5.2.2) activity showed significantretardation in the Zn-deficient rat liver with decrease of the enzyme protein. The ratio of apo-form to holo-form dihydropyrimidinase in the liver was not affected by the Zn-deficient diet.

scholarly journals Association of long-term body weight variability with dementia: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Tianjing Zhou ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
John S Ji ◽  
Liyan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Body weight variability (BWV) refers to intraindividual weight loss and gain over a period. The association of long-term BWV with dementia remains unclear and whether this association is beyond body weight change is undetermined. Methods In the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a total of 5,547 dementia-free participants (56.7% women; mean [SD] age, 71.1 [3.2] years) at baseline (2008) were followed up to 8 years (mean=6.8 years) to detect incident dementia. Body weight was self-reported biennially from 1992-2008. BWV was measured as the coefficient of variation utilizing the body weight reported 9 times across 16 years before baseline. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Among the 5,547 participants, a total of 427 incident dementia cases were identified during follow-up. Greater long-term BWV was significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia (HR comparing extreme quartiles: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.48-2.72; HR of each SD increment: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10-1.32; P-trend<0.001) independent of mean body weight and body weight change. This significant association was even observed for BWV estimated approximately 15 years preceding dementia diagnosis (HR of each SD increment: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.23) and was more pronounced for that closer to diagnosis. Conclusions Our prospective study suggested that greater BWV may be a novel risk factor for dementia.

scholarly journals PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI SUNTIK AKAN MEMPENGARUHI BERAT BADAN AKSEPTOR KB SUNTIK DI KOTA BARU DRIYOREJO

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Kamariyah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Acceptor use of contraceptive injection most complain weight increased. Although knowing acceptor increased weight, they keep use contraceptive injectable. Therefore, this study was purposed to find out the correlation between the use of contraceptive injection and the body weight change happening to the acceptors. The design of study was analytic-cross sectional. The population involved all  acceptors using  contraceptive  injection  for more  than  one  year,totally  89 people. 74 respondents were chosen as the samples by using probability sampling in  which  the  simple  random  sampling  technique  was  applied  in  this  study. Variable of this research are independent (the use of contraceptive injection) and dependent (the body weight change). The data were collected by using family planning registration card, observation sheets, and a weight scale. The data were processed by editing, coding and tabulating. The data analysis was done by using Mann-Whitney’s test with the significance level α = 0.05.  The result of analysis showed that p = 0.007 < α = 0.05 which meant that H0 was rejected most of the acceptors having three-month contraceptive injection had weight gain. describing that there was a  correlation between  the use of contraceptive injection and the body weight change happening to the acceptors. The conclusion of this study was that the use of contraceptive injection containing  hormone  affect  the  change  of  body  weight.  Thus,  the  correct counseling, information, and education to the acceptors contraceptive injection to choice non hormonal contraceptive if experienced excessive weight gain.

scholarly journals Mucuna Flagellipes Chronic Diet Consumption Improves Exploratory Behaviour and Body Weight in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Group 2

The use of Mucunaflagellipes in recent time has been on the increase as a result of its speculated therapeutic effect mostly on the protein level of the body. And owing to the fact that there are no detailed reports on Mucunaflagellipes on its effect on neurobehavioral parameters, this work is therefore intended to investigate the possible effects of this herb on the exploratory behavior and body weight in Swiss white mice. Twenty (20) mice of mixed sex were randomly divided in to two groups of ten mice each. Group 1 served as the control, while group 2 received the Mucunaflagellipes diet. The feeding lasted for 31 days. The open field maze task was used to assess exploratory behavior. All mice were allowed free access to clean drinking water. Daily food intake, water intake and body weight change were measured. Data were analyzed using the statistical tools (one way ANOVA and student t-test).The results showed that the Mucunaflagellipes diet fed mice had significantly increased (p<0.01; p<0.05) line crossings, close arm duration and stretch attend posture (SAP) compared to control. There was an increase in food intake and water intake (p<0.001 and p<0.01) compared to control. However, the body weight change was statistically higher but not significant when compared to the control group. Therefore, consumption of Mucunaflagellipes improves exploratory behavior and body weight in mice. These may be has a result of an unknown phytochemical compound present in Mucunaflagellipes.

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