Growth stimulation of subterranean clover with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Abbott ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

The growth of subterranean clover inoculated with two types of vesicular arbuscular endophytes was compared with that of uninoculated plants at five levels of applied superphosphate in a high phosphatefixing soil. Plants were grown in both untreated soil and soil steamed to eliminate the natural population of mycorrhizal fungi. Marked increases in the growth and phosphorus content of plants inoculated with a fungus isolated in Western Australia were apparent at intermediate levels of superphosphate in both soils. This fungus, which resembles Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, was more efficient at increasing growth and phosphorus content of subterranean clover than Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe. The greater growth response of plants inoculated with the fungus resembling G. mosseae was associated with a greater amount of mycorrhizal roots. Responses in nodulation closely paralleled responses in growth. Non-mycorrhizal plants produced more dry matter at a given phosphorus concentration in tops than did mycorrhizal plants.

scholarly journals Symbiotic and synergistic efficacy of endomycorrhizae with Dendrocalamus strictus L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parkash ◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
A. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

  The present investigation was undertaken to find out efficient strains of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM fungi) alone or in combinations with Trichoderma viride for inoculation Dendrocalamus strictus L. seedlings. The inoculated seedlings showed good response having higher plant height, phosphorous ions content in root and shoot, AM spore number and root colonization than non-inoculated (control) seedlings in both single (alone) and co-inoculation (combined consortium) experiments. T. viride showed significant growth followed by Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum and mixed AM with single inoculation. In co-inoculation, the best growth responses were observed with G. fasciculatum + T. viride followed by G. mosseae + T. viride, mixed vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) + T. viride, G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum + T. viride + mixed VAM, G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum + T. viride and G. mosseae + G. fasciculatum after 120 days and also depicted maximum increase in phosphorus content of shoot and root when compared with other inoculated seedlings. However, all the inoculated seedlings showed significant increase in phosphorus content when compared with control seedlings.

scholarly journals Effect of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Glomus fasiculatum on the Growth and Physiological Response in Sesamum indicum L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
J. Philip Robinson ◽  
K. Nithya ◽  
R. Ramya ◽  
B. Karthikbalan ◽  
K. Kripa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Plant growth and physiological response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were studied in controlled environment using normal soil and indigenous Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi treated soil. The seedlings of Zea mays were inoculated with Giguspora species of VAM (Glomus fasiculatum) and the inoculum was multiplied with help of Zeamays seed bed. Sesame seeds were then inoculated into the bed and it was found that the plant height, shoots lengths, roots, biomass of shoot and roots were considerably increased in the mycorrhizal plants. The effect of VAM infection was assessed in pot experiment. In this comparative study, specific mycorrhizal fungi had consistent effects on various growth parameters such as the number of leaves, number of roots, shoot length, biomass of shoot and roots and biochemical parameters were observed at various time intervals by statistical analysis using two way ANOVA, it was confined with mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal infected plants. It was found that the ability of isolates to maintain the plant growth effectively in the case of mycorrhizal seedlings shows a maximum absorbtion of 0.77 ±0.2, shoot length is about 8.34 ±0.2, count of root and leaves are about 8.10 ±0.3, 5.6 ±0.3 respectively under mycorrhizal infection in 30days of analysis and had a positive effect on the growth at all intervals. Biochemical analysis were carried out to estimate the total chlorophyll, chrophyll A, chlorophyll B and Carotenoids contents and it was analyzed to be 9 ±0.5 mg/g, 8.3 ±0.5 mg/g, 3.6 ±0.5 mg/g, 4 ±0.3 mg/g respectively. At the 30th day of analysis for the mycorrhizal plants, it was found to be high in mycorrhizal seedlings which shows the symbiosis had improved the nutrient uptake of cultivated plants. Nevertheless G. fasiculatum was found to be the most efficient fungus and exhibited the highest levels of mycorrhizal colonization, as well as the greatest stimulation of physiological parameters.

The effect of soil pH on the formation of VA mycorrhizas by two species of Glomus

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Abbott ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Glomus Sp

Two species of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi differed in their ability to infect subterranean clover roots when soil pH was changed by liming. In a glasshouse experiment, Glomus fasciculatum infected extensively at each of four levels of soil pH (range 5.3-7.5). Glomus sp. (WUM 16) only infected extensively at the highest pH level. Liming the soil depressed plant growth, but this effect was almost entirely overcome by inoculation with G. fasciculatum. In the second experiment, Glomus sp. (WUM 16) failed to spread from existing infection within roots of subterranean clover when soil pH was 5.3 or lower. The lack of spread of infection was associated with an inability of hyphae of this fungus to grow in the soil used unless it was limed to give a pH at least greater than 5.3.

Effect of Early Mycorrhizal Infection on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Trifolium subterraneum L

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Smith ◽  
DJD Nicholas ◽  
FA Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Nodule Volume ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Nodule Efficiency

Three experiments are described. Rapid establishment of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in roots of T. subterraneum cv. Mt Barker, using natural soil inoculum, was associated with improved nodulation, increased nitrogenase activity per plant (nmol C2H2 reduced per plant per hour) and increased nodule efficiency on the basis of nodule volume (nmol C2H2 reduced per mm� nodule per hour). In two experiments (on soil low in nutrients), this increase occurred before any positive growth response to mycorrhizal infection was apparent. In all experiments, mycorrhizal roots had a higher phosphorus concentration (%P) than did non-mycorrhizal roots. This difference, which was evident before any differences in total plant phosphorus were detected, was not accompanied by an increase in nodule phosphorus concentration, so that differences in nodule efficiency could not be attributed to differences in this parameter. In the third experiment (on soil with higher nutrient levels), establishment of mycorrhizas was also accompanied by increased growth, phosphorus and nitrogen contents within a 35-day experimental period. Phosphorus inflow into roots (moles P per cm root per second) was higher in mycorrhizal plants. Delay in formation of mycorrhizas (by reduction in the amount of inoculum in soil) was accompanied by lower inflow, and delay in both the establishment of high root phosphorus concentration and in the onset of enhanced nodulation and nitrogenase activity.

Influence de la variété de Vigna unguiculata dans l'expression de trois associations endomycorhiziennes à vésicules et arbuscules

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ollivier ◽  
Y. Bertheau ◽  
H. G. Diem ◽  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Va Mycorrhizas ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

Vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizas formed by Glomus E3, G. mosseae, and G. epigaeus have been studied in two cultivars of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (58-185 and Bambey 30). Glomus mosseae and Glomus E3 stimulated the growth of both cultivars while G. epigaeus only gave a positive growth effect with the cultivar 58-185. With G. epigaeus, infection levels were lower and growth effects smaller than with the other VA fungi. Growth stimulations were accompanied by the appearance of additional soluble alkaline phosphatases in extracts of mycorrhizal roots. The number and the electrophoretic mobility of these enzymes varied depending on the VA fungus involved, suggesting that they were of fungal origin.

scholarly journals Exogenous Carbon Magnifies Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth Behaviour and Sucrose Metabolism in Trifoliate Orange

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li TIAN ◽  
Yan LI ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) need the carbohydrates from host plants for its growth, whereas it is not clear whether exogenous carbon affects mycorrhizal roles. A two-chambered rootbox was divided into root + hyphae chamber and hyphae chamber (free of roots) by 37-μm nylon mesh, in which trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings and Funneliformis mosseae were applied into root + hyphae chamber, and exogenous 40 mmol/L fructose, glucose and sucrose was applied to hyphae chamber. Application of exogenous sugars dramatically elevated root mycorrhizal colonization. Sole arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation significantly promoted plant growth and root morphology than non-AMF treatment. Mycorrhiza-improved plant growth and root modification could be enlarged by exogenous carbon, especially fructose. Exogenous carbon markedly increased root fructose, glucose and sucrose accumulation in mycorrhizal plants, especially sucrose. Exogenous fructose significantly reduced leaf and root sucrose synthase (SS) activity in synthesis direction and increased them in cleavage direction in AMF seedlings. Exogenous glucose and sucrose heavily elevated root SS activity of mycorrhizal seedlings in synthesis and cleavage direction and reduced leaf SS activity in synthesis direction. Leaf acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities of mycorrhizal seedlings were decreased by exogenous carbon, except sucrose in NI. Exogenous fructose significantly increased root AI and NI activity in mycorrhizal plants. These results implied that mycorrhizal inoculation represented positive effects on plant growth, root morphology, and sucrose metabolism of trifoliate orange, which could be magnified further by exogenous carbon, especially fructose.

Seasonal variation in infectivity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to plant response to applied phosphorus

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Bolan ◽  
LK Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The effect of applied phosphorus on the growth of subterranean clover was studied in a virgin forest soil sample collected in summer and again in spring. The soil sample was used soon after it was collected. The shape of the response curve for plant growth differed greatly in the two experiments. This may be related to the presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in plants grown in the soil sample collected in summer and its absence in the soil sample collected in spring.

Sulfur supply and the formation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas by Glomus fasciculatum on subterranean clover

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Thomson ◽  
A.D. Robson ◽  
L.K. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Sulfur Supply
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