The effects of nitrogen nutrition of plants on the development of acidity in Western Australian soils. I. Effects with subterranean clover grown under leaching conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Jarvis ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Exchange Acidity

Subterranean clover was grown, under leaching conditions, in pots on cultivated and virgin acidic sandy soils from two sites in Western Australia. Nitrogen (N) was supplied to the plants either as NH+4, NO-3 or through symbiotic fixation. There were marked changes in the acidity of the soil as the result of the differences in catiot/anion balance induced by the different forms of N supplied. Thus plants supplied with NH+4 depressed the pH by 0.9 pH units, and those dependent upon fixation by 0.5 pH units. There was little change in pH when NO-3 was supplied. Changes in soil pH were strongly related to cation/ anion balance, with increasing acidity resulting from the decreasing ash alkalinity of shoots of plants supplied with NH+4. There were marked differences both between the two soils from the same site, as well as between soils from the two different sites, in the relationships between pH and soluble aluminium and pH and exchange acidity. It is suggested that differences in the form, as well as differences in the total amount, of organic matter could play a major role in controlling the development of acidity in such soils of low, permanent cation exchange capacity.

The effects of nitrogen nutrition of plants on the development of acidity in Western Australian soils. II. Effects of differences in cation/anion balance between plant species grown under non-leaching conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Jarvis ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Ash Alkalinity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plant Shoots ◽  
Western Australian

The effects of supplying different forms of nitrogen on the cation/anion balance and associated changes in soil pH of four agricultural species (wheat, perennial ryegrass, subterranean clover and white clover) were examined. Plants were grown in unleached pots in an acidic, poorly buffered, sandy soil from Western Australia. Acidity was increased by over 1.0 pH unit when plants took up NH+4 and by up to 0.6 pH units when legumes were dependent upon symbiotically fixed N. In contrast to the previous studies with leached soil, acidity was decreased when plants took up NO-3. The relationship between the excess cation content (or ash alkalinity) and the final soil pH differed amongst the four species. Although lower ash alkalinity was always associated with higher acidity, much smaller changes in ash alkalinity in wheat and ryegrass were associated with bigger changes in pH than was the case with the legumes. The relationship between soil pH and ash alkalinity of subterranean clover shoots was markedly different from that for the other three species. Both extractable aluminium levels in the soil and manganese concentration in the plant shoots increased with decreasing ash alkalinity in the shoots through the effect on soil pH.

scholarly journals Influence of brick manufacturing on phosphorus and sulfur in different agro-ecological soils of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Reshma Akter ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Total P

A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of brick manufacturing on phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) concentrations in soil and plant collected from different distances of brick kilns in four AEZs of Bangladesh. Forty eight composite soil samples (0 - 15 cm depth) were collected from 48 points in 12 different sites at 0 m, 300 m, 800 m and 1500 m from brick kilns, where most (site 2, site 3, site 5, site 6, site 7, site 9 and site 10) of the brick kilns used coal for brick burning purposes. Plant samples (rice straw and different vegetables) were also collected from the respective fields except 0 m distances. Significantly (p ? 0.05) lower organic matter, cation exchange capacity, clay content and soil pH were found at 0 m distances compared to other distances. Highest concentration of total P in soil were recorded at 0 m distances and these concentrations decreased with increasing distances from the brick kilns in most of the sites; whereas available P is significantly lower at 0 m distances than that of other distances. Total and available concentration of S in soil followed the trend 0 m>300 m>800 m>1500 m. Maximum accumulation of P (69.15 mg kg-1) and S (0.14%) in plant was found at 800 m away from the brick kiln.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 123-131, December-2016

scholarly journals Soil Health Assessment of Two Regenerative Farming Practices on Sandy Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Nan Xu ◽  
Jehangir H. Bhadha ◽  
Abul Rabbany ◽  
Stewart Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Water Holding

The addition of organic amendments and cover cropping on sandy soils are regenerative farming practices that can potentially enhance soil health. South Florida mineral soils present low soil quality due to their sandy texture and low organic matter (OM) content. Few studies have focused on evaluating the effects of farm-based management regenerative practices in this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil properties associated with two regenerative farming practices - horse bedding application in combination with cover cropping (cowpea, Vigna unguiculata), compared to the practice of cover cropping only for two years. The soil quality indicators that were tested included soil pH, bulk density, water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, OM, active carbon, soil protein and major nutrients (N, P, K). Results indicated no significant changes in soil pH, but a significant reduction in soil bulk density and a significant increase in maximum water holding capacity for both practices. Cation exchange capacity and the amounts of active carbon increased significantly after 1.5-year of the farming practices. Horse bedding application with cover cropping showed a significant 4% increase in OM during a short period. A significant increase in plant-available P was also observed under these two practices. Based on this study, horse bedding application as an organic amendment in conjunction with cover cropping provides an enhanced soil health effect compared to just cover cropping. As local growers explore farming option to improve soil health particularly during the fallow period using regenerative farming practices on sandy soils, these results will assist in their decision making.

Sustainable use of wetland soils in the eastern region of Uganda around Lake Victoria Basin

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zake ◽  
J. Y. Z. Kitungulu ◽  
H. Busurwa ◽  
F. Kyewaze
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Wetland Soils ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Wetlands are not wastelands but wealth lands, which are widely distributed throughout Uganda currently covering 11% of the total land area. They are accessible to a large proportion of the population. As the country's population grows, people increasingly convert wetlands for other land uses such as farming, settlement among others thus making it difficult to enforce legislation for their protection, sustainable management and utilization. Their profound importance to both humans and wildlife calls for a concerted effort to ensure their sustainable utilization and attempts should be made to promote sustainable development of such wetlands with adequate considerations being given to human and environmental requirements. This study was therefore carried out to determine the effect of drainage on organic matter levels and on soil chemical changes in wetland soils in eastern Uganda around the Lake Victoria basin. Secondly, to assess potential lime requirements for drained wetland soils in eastern Uganda around the Lake Victoria basin, this would reflect on wetland soil buffering capacity. In green house studies it was found that drainage of wetland soils led to a reduction of organic matter relative to soil structure and where sulfur and iron were present in large amounts, drainage caused decrease in soil pH to moderately acidic levels; but in cases where exchangeable bases were present in large amounts there was an increase in soil pH. Lime requirements were greater where the amount of clay, organic matter and cation exchange capacity were high. Consequently, such wetland soils had a high buffering capacity. It was concluded that wetland soils should be characterized in terms of potential of acidification, level of organic matter, nutrient content, cation exchange capacity, soil texture and levels of trace elements. Decisions to drain or not to drain should depend on these parameters and other socio-economic considerations for the area.

Spatial variability of uncultivated soils in derived savanna

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Obalum ◽  
J. Oppong ◽  
C.A. Igwe ◽  
Y. Watanabe ◽  
M.E. Obi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Matter Concentration

Abstract The spatial variability of some physicochemical properties of topsoils/subsoils under secondary forest, grassland fallow, and bare-soil fallow of three locations was evaluated. The data were analyzed and described using classical statistical parameters. Based on the coefficient of variation, bulk density, total porosity, 60-cm-tension moisture content, and soil pH were of low variability. Coarse and fine sand were of moderate variability. Highly variable soil properties included silt, clay, macroporosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter concentration, and cation exchange capacity. Overall, soil pH and silt varied the least and the most, respectively. Relative weighting showed that location dominantly influenced the soil variability, except for soil porosity and organic matter concentration influenced mostly by land use. Most of the soil data were normally distributed; others were positively skewed and/or kurtotic. The minimum number of samples (at 25 samples ha-1) required to estimate mean values of soil properties was highly soil property-specific, ranging from 1 (topsoil pH-H2O) to 246 (topsoil silt). Cation exchange capacity of subsoils related fairly strongly with cation exchange capacity of topsoils (R2 = 0.63). Spatial variability data can be used to extrapolate dynamic soil properties across a derived-savanna landscape.

Change in soil pH, manganese and aluminium under subterranean clover pasture

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bromfield ◽  
RW Cumming ◽  
DJ David ◽  
CH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Clover Pasture

Changes in soil pH, manganese and aluminium as a result of long periods under subterranean clover pasture were examined in soils formed on granite, basalt and sedimentary rocks near Goulburn, New South Wales. Decreases in the pH of yellow duplex soils formed on granite, sedimentary rocks and basalt had occurred to depths of 60, 40 and 30 cm, respectively. The smaller depth of acidification in the latter two soils is considered to be due to their shallower A horizons over well buffered, clay B horizons. Under the oldest pastures (55 years) the decreases exceeded one pH unit throughout the entire sampled depth (60 cm). In some soils, under old improved pastures, calcium chloride-extractable manganese had increased to more than 20 ppm throughout the 60 cm profile and to greater than 50 ppm in the surface 10 cm. These levels are considered toxic to sensitive plant species and the highest levels may be toxic to subterranean clover. The amounts of extractable manganese in soils appear to be determined by both pH and the amounts of reactive manganese. In general, the amounts of total and reactive manganese were appreciably higher in the soils of basaltic origin. Substantial increases in extractable and exchangeable aluminium had also accompanied the decrease in pH and, in the surface 10 cm, were greatest in the soils formed on sedimentary parent materials. In many of the soils under old improved pastures, exchangeable aluminium, as a percentage of the effective cation exchange capacity, now exceeds 12%, especially in the 5-10 cm layer, and is probably harmful to sensitive species. Increases in exchangeable aluminium also occurred below the surface 10 cm and, in the granitic soils under the oldest pastures, exchangeable aluminium accounted for 30-50% of the effective cation exchange capacity throughout the 5-50 cm soil depth. The adverse changes in pH, manganese and aluminium observed in this study can be expected to continue under many improved pastures and to generate soil conditions unsuitable for many agricultural plants. The use of lime to arrest or reverse these changes seems inevitable.

Challenges and opportunities for grain farming on sandy soils of semi-arid south and south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Unkovich ◽  
Therese McBeath ◽  
Rick Llewellyn ◽  
James Hall ◽  
Vadakattu VSR Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Soil Wetting

Sandy soils make up a substantial fraction of cropping land in low rainfall (<450 mm p.a.) south and south-eastern Australia. In this paper we review the possible soil constraints to increased production on these soils in this region. Many of these soils have a very low (<3%) clay content and suffer from severe water repellency, making crop establishment and weed control problematic. Crops which do emerge are faced with uneven soil wetting and poor access to nutrients, with crop nutrition constraints exacerbated by low fertility (soil organic matter < 1%) and low cation exchange capacity. Zones of high penetration resistance appear common and have multiple causes (natural settling, cementation and traffic induced) which restrict root growth to <40 cm. Crop water use and grain yield are therefore likely to be well below the water-limited potential. Water repellency is readily diagnosed and where apparent should be the primary management target. Repellency can be mitigated through the use of furrow and other sowing technologies, along with soil wetting agents. These techniques appear to be affected by site and soil nuances and need to be refined for local soils and conditions. Once crop establishment on water repellent soils has been optimised, attention could be turned to opportunities for improving crop rooting depth through the use of deep tillage or deep ripping techniques. The required ripping depth, and how long the effects may last, are unclear and need further research, as do the most effective and efficient machinery requirements to achieve sustained deeper root growth. Crop nutrition matched to the water-limited crop yield potential is the third pillar of crop production that needs to be addressed. Low soil organic matter, low cation exchange capacity, low biological activity and limited nutrient cycling perhaps make this a greater challenge than in higher rainfall regions with finer textured soils. Interactions between nutrients in soils and fertilisers are likely to occur and make nutrient management more difficult. While amelioration (elimination) of water repellency is possible through the addition of clay to the soil surface, the opportunities for this may be restricted to the ~30% of the sandy soils of the region where clay is readily at hand. The amounts of clay required to eliminate repellency (~5%) are insufficient to significantly improve soil fertility or soil water holding capacity. More revolutionary soil amelioration treatments, involving additions and incorporation of clay and organic matter to soils offer the possibility of a more elevated crop yield plateau. Considerable research would be required to provide predictive capacity with respect to where and when these practices are effective.

The accumulation of soil organic matter under pasture and its effect on soil properties

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Exchange Acidity

Comparisons of paired virgin and pasture samples of Coolup sand showed that nitrogen had accumulated in the top 12.5 cm under pasture at an average of 24 p.p.m. per year. Carbon, sulphur, and organic phosphorus also accumulated to give C : N : S : P ratios of 118 : 10 : 1.2 : 0.47. The accumulation of sulphur accounted for about a quarter of the sulphur added in fertilizer and the accumulation of organic phosphorus accounted for about a tenth of the phosphorus added. Inorganic phosphorus had also accumulated but the amount varied between soils. The cation exchange capacity, as measured by summation of exchangeable cations and exchange acidity, increased by an average of 44 m-equiv. per g increase in nitrogen or 3.7 m-equiv. per g increase in carbon. Most of the increase was due to increases in exchange acidity. However, the buffering capacity of the soil for potassium was only slightly affected by the increase in organic matter. The water held by the soil between 0.1 bar and 15 bar suction increased by an average of 3.3 per cent per 0.1 per cent increase in soil nitrogen. When the soils were incubated the ratio of nitrogen mineralized to sulphur mineralized was large, especially when the incubation period was short. In the field there was a strong annual cycle of nitrogen and sulphur availability. Values were high in autumn, low in winter, and rose again at the end of spring.

CARACTERISTIQUES MINERALOGIQUES ET CHIMIQUES DE QUELQUES SOLS SABLEUX DU QUEBEC EN REGARD DE LEUR EVOLUTION PEDOLOGIQUE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. LAVERDIERE ◽  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
A. D’AVIGNON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Podzolic Soils

A, B and C horizons of 13 sandy soil series were sampled in the lowlands of southern Quebec. From the amounts of pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and Al and clay contents, nine of these profiles were classified as Podzolic soils while the others were Brunisols. Formation of montmorillonite and dissolution of chlorite in Ae horizons indicate intense weathering of the minerals at this level. In the B horizons, vermiculite that was present in the parent material or resulted from the alteration of illite was often chloritized. Values of pH measured in 1 M NaF were generally higher than 10.2 for the B horizons. The amounts of phosphorus retained by the samples varied in the following ranges: 23–397 μg P/g of soil for A horizons, 301–1578 μg P/g of soil for B horizons and 71–296 μg P/g of soil for C horizons. Cation exchange capacity of the soils was lower than 10 meq/100 g of soil, except in those horizons that contained high amounts of organic matter and where values up to 27.6 meq/100 g were measured. Using regression equations, values were obtained for the CEC of the organic matter and the clay fraction of these sandy soils.

scholarly journals Evidence of Soil Health Benefits of Flooded Rice Compared to Fallow Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehangir Bhadha ◽  
Raju Khatiwada ◽  
Salvador Galindo ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Jay Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Water Holding

Flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in south Florida is grown commercially in rotation with sugarcane and vegetables. From 2008 to 2018, rice production has doubled. During the spring-summer, nearly 200 km2 of fallow sugarcane land is available for rice production. In 2017, approximately 113 km2 of rice were planted in the region. The net value of growing rice as a rotation crop far exceeds its monetary return. This study evaluated soil health parameters before and after rice cultivation and compared them against two other common summer farming practices - fallow fields and flooded-fallow. The soil health parameters that were tested as part of this study included soil pH, bulk density, water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, active carbon and nutrient content. Results indicated an increase in soil pH, and a significant reduction in soil bulk density due to rice cultivation. Water holding capacity increased significantly under all flooded land use practices compared to fallow fields. Cation exchange capacity significantly increased when sugarcane fields were cultivated with rice and ratoon rice, nearly doubled from 58 to 101 cmolc kg-1. Small, yet significant 3% increase in organic matter was observed when sugarcane fields were cultivated with ratoon rice. Almost 16 g kg-1 of active C is being generated within fallow soils, whereas less than half that under flooded practices, limiting the amount of soil loss via oxidation. Based on the soil health index, rice cultivation and flooded-fallow improved overall soil quality compared to fallow lands.

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