DREAMS, DOCUMENTS AND 'FETISHES': AFRICAN CHRISTIAN INTERPRETATIONS OF THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Hofmeyr
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Spiritual Gifts ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Pilgrim's Progress ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
Missionary Movement ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
Power And Powerlessness ◽  
A Site

AbstractJohn Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, a key text of the evangelical Protestant missionary movement, was translated into eighty African languages and consequently influenced African Christian intellectual traditions. This article examines one aspect of this influence, namely the ways in which Bunyan's portrayal of literacy in The Pilgrim's Progress became a site around which African reworkings of the text cohered. For Bunyan, a first-generation literate, literacy is a source of spiritual authority but also a source of powerlessness as documents are used to persecute the poor. African Christians likewise experienced literacy as a source of power and powerlessness. This contradiction often produced the phenomenon of 'miraculous literacy' in which believers magically gain the ability to read through spiritual gifts rather than via mission or colonially controlled institutions. Documents also gain talismanic or 'fetish-like' properties, a view not far removed from evangelical theories of text that likewise invest documents with extraordinary capacities.

scholarly journals High Survivorship of First-Generation Monarch Butterfly Eggs to Third Instar Associated with a Diverse Arthropod Community

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Misty Stevenson ◽  
Kalynn L. Hudman ◽  
Alyx Scott ◽  
Kelsey Contreras ◽  
Jeffrey G. Kopachena
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
North Texas ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Predator Abundance ◽  
A Site

Based on surveys of winter roost sites, the eastern migratory population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) in North America appears to have declined in the last 20 years and this has prompted the implementation of numerous conservation strategies. However, there is little information on the survivorship of first-generation monarchs in the core area of occupancy in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana where overwinter population recovery begins. The purpose of this study was to determine the survivorship of first-generation eggs to third instars at a site in north Texas and to evaluate host plant arthropods for their effect on survivorship. Survivorship to third instar averaged 13.4% and varied from 11.7% to 15.6% over three years. The host plants harbored 77 arthropod taxa, including 27 predatory taxa. Despite their abundance, neither predator abundance nor predator richness predicted monarch survival. However, host plants upon which monarchs survived often harbored higher numbers of non-predatory arthropod taxa and more individuals of non-predatory taxa. These results suggest that ecological processes may have buffered the effects of predators and improved monarch survival in our study. The creation of diverse functional arthropod communities should be considered for effective monarch conservation, particularly in southern latitudes.

The implications of reading en writing language preference with regard to internet access for users in South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Blignaut ◽  
Theo Mcdonald
Keyword(s):  
Internet Access ◽  
Home Language ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Language Preference ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Website Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
A Site

For historical reasons, English is the language of the internet. Currently, e-commerce attracts customers from all over the world. In order to do good business, websites must be accessible to clients from a variety of cultures and languages. To achieve usability for a global audience, websites must be internationalized as well as localized. Given the many cultures and idiosyncrasies of those cultures, both of these tasks are extremely complex and it is virtually impossible to do both at the same time. It could be helpful if some cultures do not object to the fact that the language of the internet is not the same as their home language. In this study the preferred language of reading and writing of various groupings of African users was determined. It was found that, whereas the Afrikaans-speaking subjects preferred to have written material in their home language, speakers of other African languages preferred English. This has enormous implications for website development as developers can focus on the usability and functionality of a site without having to spend time translating the content into a variety of languages.

scholarly journals Efficient Integration of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus DNA Vectors Requires a p5-rep Sequence in cis

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 5411-5421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Philpott ◽  
Catherine Giraud-Wali ◽  
Carolyn Dupuis ◽  
Janette Gomos ◽  
Henry Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Inverted Terminal Repeat ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Enhancer Element ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Site Specific Integration ◽  
Gene Therapy Vectors ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACT The initial aim of this study was to combine attributes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) and adenovirus (Ad) gene therapy vectors to generate an Ad-AAV hybrid vector allowing efficient site-specific integration with Ad vectors. In executing our experimental strategy, we found that, in addition to the known incompatibility of Rep expression and Ad growth, an equally large obstacle was presented by the inefficiency of the integration event when using traditional recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors. This study has addressed both of these problems. We have shown that a first-generation Ad can be generated that expresses Rep proteins at levels consistent with those found in wild-type AAV (wtAAV) infections and that Rep-mediated AAV persistence can occur in the presence of first-generation Ad vectors. Our finding that traditional rAAV plasmid vectors lack integration potency compared to wtAAV plasmid constructs (10- to 100-fold differences) was unexpected but led to the discovery of a previously unidentified AAV integration enhancer sequence element which functions in cis to an AAV inverted terminal repeat-flanked target gene. rAAV constructs containing left-end AAV sequence, including the p5-rep promoter sequence, integrate efficiently in a site-specific manner. The identification of this novel AAV integration enhancer element is consistent with previous studies, which have indicated that a high frequency of wtAAV recombinant junction formation occurs in the vicinity of the p5 promoter, and recent studies have demonstrated a role for this region in AAV DNA replication. Understanding the contribution of this element to the mechanism of AAV integration will be critical to the use of AAV vectors for targeted gene transfer applications.

Phenotypic variation for disease resistance and virulence within naturalized populations of Stylosanthes humilis and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Vinijsanun ◽  
DF Cameron ◽  
JAG Irwin ◽  
A Barnes
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
A Site

The extent of variation for host disease reaction and pathogen virulence was studied in naturalized populations of Stylosanthes hurnilis and Colletotrichurn gloeosporioides, the causal fungus of an anthracnose disease of Stylosanthes spp. Diseased plants (S0) were collected from the field at three sites (Townsville, Wrotham Park and Niall) in North Queensland, and first generation selfed (S1) progenies (host-lines) and single spore fungal cultures were grown for each of the collections made. Within a site, all host-lines were inoculated with each fungal isolate from that site, and a fourth experiment was conducted with representative host-pathogen combinations from each site. Sufficient seed was obtained to allow testing of 12, 10 and 8 collections from Niall, Wrotham Park and Townsville respectively. Significant variation (P < 0.01) between disease severity values for host-line means, fungal isolate means and host-line/fungal isolate interactions was found in all four experiments. Differences between fungal isolate means were the main source of variation in three of the four experiments. Both the differences in virulence within the pathogen population and the differences in resistance of the hostlines appeared to be quantitatively inherited. One host-line from Wrotham Park was significantly more resistant than the susceptible check, cv. Paterson, in two replicated experiments indicating that selection for some improvement in resistance within the naturalized populations should be possible. However, none of the host-lines from the Townsville and Niall sites were significantly more resistant than Paterson, suggesting that little natural selection for resistance has occurred within the naturalized host populations over the 10 years following the first outbreak of the disease in northern Australia.

Growing Up Queer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
First Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Intersecting Identities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
A Site ◽  
Teenage Sexuality ◽  
Natural Characteristics

Growing Up Queer explores what it is like being young and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ) in the United States today. Using interviews and ethnographic research conducted at an LGBTQ youth drop-in center, it shows how young people understand their sexual and gender identities, their interest in queer media, and the role that family plays in their lives. The young people who participated in this research are among the first generation to embrace queer identities as kids and teens, and Growing Up Queer shows how both sexual and gender identities are formed through complicated, ambivalent processes, as opposed to the natural characteristics one is born with. In addition to showing how youth understand their identities, Growing Up Queer describes how young people navigate queerness within a culture in which being gay is the “new normal.” Using Sara Ahmed’s concept of queer orientation, it argues that being queer is not just about one’s sexual and/or gender identity but is also understood through intersecting identities including race, class, ability, and more. By showing how society accepts some kinds of LGBTQ-identified people while rejecting others, Growing Up Queer provides evidence of queerness as a site of social inequality. The book moves beyond an oversimplified examination of teenage sexuality and shows, through the voices of young people themselves, the exciting yet complicated terrain of queer adolescence.

scholarly journals A long-term experiment with rats on a human dietary: II. Calcium and phosphorus depletion and replacement

1939 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Gaunt ◽  
J. T. Irving ◽  
W. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Tooth Formation ◽  
Green Food ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Phosphorus Depletion ◽  
Skeletal Ossification

1. A group of rats has been fed on a poor human dietary supplemented with milk and green food. A further group has been given the same dietary supplemented with Ca and P as salts, equivalent in amount to that present in the milk and green food. The experiment has been continued over three generations.2. The diet supplemented with Ca and P salts has been found to be as effective as that containing milk and green food in promoting reproduction, calcification and tooth formation; it has induced growth as effectively in the first generation of rats but is unable to maintain this growth rate as effectively over several generations. It is obvious that Ca and P are of the chief deficiencies in the poor diet. The addition of these elements greatly increases the nutritive value of this diet, but they are inferior in this respect to milk and green food supplements.3. Under conditions of Ca and P lack, tooth formation is much less adversely affected than is skeletal ossification.

JEFFREY A. NEDOROSCIK, The City of the Dead: A History of Cairo's Cemetery Communities (Westport, Conn.: Bergin and Garvey, 1997). Pp. 140.

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-575
Author(s):  
Camilla Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Housing Sector ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Informal Housing ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

Jeffrey Nedoroscik's book is a sensitive sociological survey of life in Cairo's City of the Dead, where more than 500,000 people are now enlisted to reside. In an attempt to both demystify and account for this phenomenon, Nedoroscik argues that life in the City of the Dead is as old, and as rich, as life in Cairo itself. Today, residence in and among the family tombs stretching across some five square miles at the base of the muqattam Hills, constitutes an informal housing sector that has developed as a response to Cairo's severe housing crisis. Historically, though, the cemetery also teemed with life as a religious center housing some of the Muslim world's most important monuments, and a site of temporary and permanent shelter to relatives to the deceased, guardians of tombs, itinerants, the poor, the sick, Sufis, and other religious leaders.

scholarly journals Peter Gresserov-Golovin (1894–1981), My Beloved Slovenia

Monitor ISH ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-78
Author(s):  
Petra Testen
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
Ballet Dancer ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Artistic Work ◽  
Work First

The paper presents the Russian ballet dancer and choreographer, Peter Gresserov-Golovin. Golovin completed his education in his native Moscow and migrated after the October Revolution to Slovenia, where he continued his artistic work. First in Ljubljana and later in Maribor, he participated as a ballet choreographer in many operas and operettas, and proved himself a capable director of music and theatre performances. Between the wars, he maintained the Slovenian ballet despite the poor financial situation and raised the first generation of Slovenian ballet dancers and soloists. In 1971 he was awarded the Order of Merit for the People with silver rays for his contribution to the Slovenian ballet. The last years of his life were spent in Canada, where he gathered his memories about his life and work in Slovenia in a book with the eloquent title Moja ljuba Slovenija – My Beloved Slovenia.

scholarly journals Fashion and the femmes tondues: Lee Miller, Vogue and representing Liberation France

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
Claire Gorrara
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
War Photography ◽  
Feminine Beauty ◽  
Multiple Messages ◽  
War Experience ◽  
A Site ◽  
Second World

This article will examine representations of the Liberation of France in the war reports of Lee Miller, an accredited photographer and correspondent for American and British Vogue during the Second World War. Miller’s frontline reports framed Liberation France in idealised images of feminine beauty and elegance, making use of fashion as a primary conduit for understanding the war and occupation for readers on the home front. As this article will argue, examining Miller’s choices and perspective as a female photographer sheds new light on the intersection of fashion, war photography and the female body. In Miller’s work, fashion becomes a site for imagining liberation in ways that foreground the gendering of war experience and the legacies of conflict for women. By charting Miller’s representations of French women at the Liberation, and above all the chastised figure of the femme tondue, this article will analyse how French women function as carriers of multiple messages about war, liberation and reconstruction in Miller’s work. Unlike the sensationalist images of the femmes tondues published in the British picture press and newspapers in the summer of 1944, Miller’s war reports in Vogue construct an empathic relationship with such underprivileged female subjects. Miller’s work opens a space, therefore, for speculation on the role of fashion in shaping how the Second World War was understood by a first generation of female memory producers and consumers.

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