The effects of fumigation, rotation with lupins, and nitrogen application on plant growth and common root rot of wheat at Geraldton, Western Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Wilson ◽  
J Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

The effects of soil fumigation (98% methyl bromide + 2% chloropicrin at 580 kg/ha) and N fertilizer (0, 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 kg N/ha) were examined in field trials on continuous wheat and wheat in rotation with lupins on the Geraldton sandplain. Fumigation increased grain yields at N fertilizer levels more or =25 kg/ha and was associated with reduced incidence and severity of common root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana)[Cochliobolus sativus]. Grain yield was not significantly affected by rotation. Fumigation increased soil ammonium levels and decreased soil nitrate levels. Rotation of wheat and lupins increased mid-season growth at all levels of applied N but only increased grain yield where no N was applied.

EFFECT OF SEEDING DEPTH, SEEDING DATE AND SEED SIZE ON COMMON ROOT ROT OF SPRING BARLEY

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. DUCZEK ◽  
L. J. PIENING
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Seeding Emergence

The effects of variable seeding depth and dates of seeding of barley on the incidence of root rot, and on emergence and grain yield were investigated in field trials at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan. The effect of variable seeding depth of barley on intensity of root rot, grain yield, loss of yield due to root rot, and the effect of variable seed size of barley on incidence of root rot and yield were also investigated in field trials at Lacombe, Alberta. Symptoms of common root rot, based on lesions on the subcrown internode, were not influenced by seed size or seeding date but the disease increased with depth of seeding. Grain yield decreased with depth and with late seeding. Emergence was not affected by seeding date but decreased with depth of seeding. Common root rot was not associated with the reduced yields of later seeding dates but was associated with reduced yields of increased seeding depths. The increased emergence and reduced disease at shallow depths resulted in a greater number of clean plants which probably accounts for some of the increased grain yield at shallow seeding depths.

Inoculation of seeds with Bipolaris sorokiniana and soil fumigation methods to determine wheat and barley tolerance and yield losses caused by common root rot

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bailey ◽  
L. J. Duczek ◽  
D. A. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Healthy Seed

Wheat and barley plants that are severely infected with common root rot yield less than uninfected ones. Resistant cultivars usually have fewer diseased plants but some cultivars show tolerance as no yield loss occurs even though many plants display disease symptoms. This study assessed disease severity and yield loss due to common root rot in cultivars of wheat and barley by two techniques: i) sowing infested seed in soils with low inoculum levels of Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoem., and ii) planting healthy seed in soil treated with the fumigants, metam and basamid. Infested seed exhibited reduced emergence, increased disease severity, but plot yield was not significantly affected compared with uninfested seed. The average yield loss or gain from seed treatment amongst all selections of wheat and barley was not significantly different. Losses were of the same magnitude (11.1% in barley, 6.2% in wheat) as reported in other studies. Soil fumigation reduced levels of B. sorokiniana in soil and disease severity. It also led to increased nutrient levels in soil and plant tissues, plant height, and plot yields by 16–29% compared with untreated areas. Tolerance to common root rot was exhibited by BW632, Virden, and Melvin. These losses are higher than reported in other studies which suggests yield loss may be underestimated or that common root rot is only one component of a root problem complex being affected by fumigants. Key words: Common root rot, loss, tolerance, seed inoculation, fumigation

scholarly journals Antagonistic Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XZ34-1 for Controlling Bipolaris sorokiniana and Promoting Growth in Wheat

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1526
Author(s):  
Yanjie Yi ◽  
Youtian Shan ◽  
Shifei Liu ◽  
Yanhui Yang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Common Root Rot

Common root rot, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is one of the most prevalent diseases of wheat and has led to major declines in wheat yield and quality worldwide. Here, strain XZ34-1 was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence. Culture filtrate (CF) of strain XZ34-1 showed a high inhibition rate against B.sorokiniana and had a broad antifungal spectrum. It also remarkably inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of B. sorokiniana. In pot control experiments, the incidence and disease index of common root rot in wheat seedlings were decreased after treatment with CF, and the biological control efficacy was significant, up to 78.24%. Further studies showed XZ34-1 could produce antifungal bioactive substances and had the potential of promoting plant growth. Lipopeptide genes detection with PCR indicated that strain XZ34-1 may produce lipopeptides. Furthermore, activities of defense-related enzymes were enhanced in wheat seedlings after inoculation with B.sorokiniana and treatment with CF, which showed induced resistance could be produced in wheat to resist pathogens. These results reveal that strain XZ34-1 is a promising candidate for application as a biological control agent against B.sorokiniana.

The effect of common root rot on components of grain yield in Manitou wheat

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (24) ◽  
pp. 2888-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

The effects of common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) on components of grain yield in naturally infected Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou were studied at Matador, Saskatchewan, by sampling plants at maturity in 1969, 1970, and 1971. Plants were sorted into severe (SE), moderate (MO), slight (SL), and clean (CL) categories based mainly on the extent of lesions on the subcrown internodes. The number of tillers per plant, the number and weight of grains per head, the weight per head, and the 1000-kernel weight in each category were determined. Increasing values of all five components were consistently associated with decreasing disease severity. SE was mostly significantly different from the other three categories in all components except 1000-kernel weight; differences between SL and MO were usually non-significant. CL and SL were mostly significantly different for the number of tillers per plant and weight per head but non-significant for the weight and number of grains per head and 1000-kernel weight. Apparently, the major effect of common root rot was to reduce the number of tillers per plant and number of grains per head.

Effects of cultivation on Rhizoctonia root rot, cereal cyst nematode, common root rot and yield of wheat in the Victorian Mallee

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFde Boer ◽  
JF Kollmorgen ◽  
BJ Macauley ◽  
PR Franz ◽  
Boer RF De
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽  
Direct Drilling

The effects of method, time and number of cultivations on root diseases and yield of wheat were studied in a field experiment, in 1985, on a calcareous sandy loam in the Victorian Mallee. The incidence and severity of rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) were higher in direct-drilled wheat than in wheat sown after cultivation. Compared with direct drilling, the severity of rhizoctonia root rot in seedlings was reduced by 40% with cultivation 20 weeks before sowing; by 70% with cultivation 1 day before sowing; and by 90% with 2 cultivations, the first at 16 weeks and the second 1 day before sowing. Cultivation generally increased the incidence of common root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) but had no significant effects on the severity of damage by the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) or the number of nematode cysts produced, compared with direct drilling. The incidence and severity of root diseases, and the number of H. avenae cysts produced, were not significantly different in wheat sown after rotary hoeing than in wheat sown after scarifying. The severity of damage by H. avenae, the number of nematode cysts and the incidence of common root rot were higher (45, 70 and 36%, respectively) when scarifying was done 1 day before sowing, compared with scarifying 20 weeks earlier. Differences in sowing depth probably caused this effect since seed was sown deeper (as indicated by subcrown internode lengths) and plant emergence was less in the latter treatment. The timing and number of cultivations with a rotary hoe, however, did not significantly affect the severity of damage by H. avenae, the number of nematode cysts or the incidence of common root rot. The incidence of common root rot was correlated (r = 0.71) with the subcrown internode lengths, indicating that the deeper the seed was sown the greater the proportion of plants with the disease. Dry weight of seedlings and grain yield were negatively correlated (r = -0.79 and -0.66) with the severity of damage caused by H. avenae. Plant dry weight and grain yield were, however, not correlated with the severity of rhizoctonia root rot or the incidence of common root rot.

Resistance to soil-borne diseases of wheat: Contributions from the wheatgrasses Thinopyrum intermedium and Th. ponticum

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Li ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
T. D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Oculimacula Yallundae

Eyespot, Cephalosporium stripe, and common root rot are soil-borne diseases that damage the stem bases, vascular system, subcrown internodes,and roots of wheat. Resistance in wheat to these diseases is insufficient to prevent significant yield loss when disease is severe. The wheatgrasses Thinopyrum intermedium and Th. ponticum are highly resistant to these diseases. Identification of disease-resistant wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids, chromosome addition, substitution, and translocation lines makes them a valuable source of resistance genes for wheat breeding programs. Single chromosomes or chromosome segments containing resistance genes can be transferred into wheat to produce genetic stocks that afford a better understanding of the genetic control of resistance in wheatgrasses and new genetic resources for wheat improvement. Resistance to eyespot in Th. intermedium and Th. ponticum was associated with the homoeologous group 4 chromosomes, whereas resistance to Cephalosporium stripe was controlled by genes located on chromosomes 3 and 6 of Th. ponticum. Despite the fact that some eyespot- and common root rot-resistant wheat-Thinopyrum lines have blue kernels, resistance is not tightly linked to the blue aleurone trait. Key words: Thinopyrum intermedium, Th. ponticum, eyespot, Cephalosporium stripe, common root rot, Oculimacula yallundae, O. acuformis, Cephalosporium gramineum, Bipolaris sorokiniana

CONSISTENCY OF REACTION IN WHEAT LINES TO COMMON ROOT ROT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Sallans ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Pathogenic Races ◽  
High Consistency ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Selection Of

Field trials distributed throughout the Prairie Provinces in western Canada indicate that any location is suitable for the selection of wheats for resistance to common root rot caused by Cochliobolus sativus, providing the level of infection is sufficiently high. Wheat lines originally selected for resistance were consistently resistant in field tests at all locations. Three of four lines were significantly more resistant than Thatcher, one of the most resistant of the commercial varieties. A high consistency in the reaction of lines selected for susceptibility also was evident in the tests. A significant interaction in the analysis of variance found between wheat lines and locations might be interpreted as indicating the occurrence of differentially pathogenic races of the fungus. Other explanations, however, are offered for this interaction effect.

scholarly journals Distribution and Prevalence of Fusarium Crown Rot and Common Root Rot Pathogens of Wheat in Montana

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto A. Moya-Elizondo ◽  
Lisa J. Rew ◽  
Barry J. Jacobsen ◽  
Andrew C. Hogg ◽  
Alan T. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
First Time

Distribution of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and common root rot (CRR) pathogens associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum) in 91 fields in Montana were determined during the 2008 and 2009 crop seasons using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and conventional isolation methods. Correlations (P < 0.001) were found between detection methods for both diseases. FCR was detected in 57% of the fields and CRR was detected in 93% of the fields surveyed. Percent incidence based on isolation from individual tillers was Bipolaris sorokiniana (15%), F. culmorum (13%), and F. pseudograminearum (8%). FCR populations were highly variable across the regions and were not detected in any fields from the Gb5 soil types of Judith Basin and Fergus counties. The spatial distributions of FCR and CRR were affected by elevation, soil type, and temperature. High FCR populations were associated with spring wheat crops rather than winter wheat based on qPCR (P < 0.001). FCR and CRR could produce yield losses in a range of 3 to 35%. This study is the first time that qPCR was used to survey these two pathogen groups, and the merits and weakness of qPCR relative to traditional isolation methods are discussed.

scholarly journals Lack of Relationship Between Susceptibility to Common Root Rot and Drought Tolerance Among Several Closely Related Wheat Lines

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccinni ◽  
C. M. Rush ◽  
K. M. Vaughn ◽  
M. D. Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Wheat Lines

Common root rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a disease of wheat associated with plant stress. Three cultivars (Siouxland, TAM 200, and TAM 107) and several hard red winter wheat lines closely related to TAM 107, but known to differ with respect to drought tolerance, were included in a 2-year dryland field study to evaluate whether observed variation in drought tolerance was associated with susceptibility to B. sorokiniana. Untreated seed of each entry or seed treated with imazalil was planted in soil naturally infested with B. sorokiniana. Plants were evaluated at jointing and at harvest. Disease incidence and severity, number of plants, number of heads, and grain weight per meter were evaluated. Grain weight and number of heads of individual plants were recorded in order to correlate disease rating of each plant with yield components. Plot yield and test weight also were measured. There were significant entry by seed treatment interactions for number of heads per plant, grain weight per plant, and grain weight per meter. A year by treatment interaction was found for the jointing disease index, and plants grown from seed treated with imazalil had a significantly lower disease index than those grown from nontreated seed. Observed drought tolerance among the three varieties and eight closely related plant introductions was not associated with disease susceptibility to common root rot.

scholarly journals Diverse responses of old, modern and landraces of Syrian wheat genotypes to common root rot under field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
M.I.E. Arabi ◽  
E. Al-Shehadah ◽  
M. Jawhar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Abstract The yield response of widely grown cultivars and landraces of Syrian wheat challenged with common root rot (CRR: Cochliobolus sativus) was measured by comparing plots with and without artificial inoculation under experimental conditions in two consecutive seasons. The results showed that response to CRR differed depending on the susceptibility levels of the wheat cultivars, and that the disease significantly (P<0.05) reduced grain yield, number of tillers and kernel weight. The diseased plants had fewer tillers which consequently reduced grain yield per plant. Yield losses of Triticum durum cultivars were higher than those of Triticum aestivum. In addition, the T. durum landrace Horani exhibited the best level of resistance to the disease, which indicates that this landrace might be a candidate donor for resistance in future breeding programmes. As CRR can dramatically reduce wheat grain yields under favorable conditions, management practices that reduce disease severity are highly recommended.

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