Infection of alternative hosts associated with narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) by cucumber mosaic virus and its persistence between growing seasons

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ McKirdy ◽  
RAC Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
A Minor

Under conditions of natural cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) spread, eight alternate host species found associated with Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leafed lupin) and/or Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) were infected commonly and another nine sporadically. Five of these were new records. Because seed of herbaceous plant hosts provides a possible route for virus persistence through dry summer conditions, CMV seed transmission was tested for in alternative hosts. Seed of seven species systemically infected following sap inoculation was tested, but CMV seed transmission was only detected in M. polymorpha (0.7%) and M. indica (0.1%). When seed of 14 potential alternative host species that became systemically infected through natural virus spread was tested, CMV seed transmission was found only in C. decumbens (0.5%). No CMV was detected in Citrullus lanatus growing as a deep-rooted, herbaceous summer weed following CMV-infected L. angustifolius crops, or in the perennial Acacia saligna growing adjacent to a previously CMV-infected L. angustifolius field. CMV persisted through seed transmission over summer for up to 5 years in grazed, self-regenerated T. subterraneum swards. It is concluded that under the conditions of broadacre agriculture, in the Mediterranean-type climate of Western Australia, weed hosts are unlikely to be an important means by which CMV persists over summer, but seed transmission in naturalized M. polymorpha and C. decumbens may occassionally play a minor role. Moreover, despite being seed-borne in T. subterraneum, CMV did not persist readily enough from year to year in grazed swards for T. subterraneum pastures to play more than a minor role as a CMV source for infection of L. angustifolius .

Bean leafroll virus is widespread in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) seed crops and can be persistently transmitted by bluegreen aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Peck ◽  
N. Habili ◽  
R. M. Nair ◽  
J. W. Randles ◽  
C. T. de Koning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Bean Leafroll Virus ◽  
Leafroll Virus ◽  
Clover Seed

In the mid 2000s subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) seed producers in South Australia reported symptoms of a red-leaf disease in fields with reduced seed yields. The red-leaf symptoms resembled those caused by several clover-infecting viruses. A set of molecular diagnostic tools were developed for the following viruses which are known to infect subterranean clover: Alfalfa mosaic virus; Bean leafroll virus (BLRV); Beet western yellows virus; Bean yellow mosaic virus; Cucumber mosaic virus; Pea seed-borne mosaic virus; Soybean dwarf virus and Subterranean clover stunt virus. Surveys of subterranean clover seed production fields in 2008 in the south-east of South Australia and western Victoria identified Bean leafroll virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus as present, with BLRV the most widespread. Surveys of pasture seed production fields and pasture evaluation trials in 2009 confirmed that BLRV was widespread. This result will allow seed producers to determine whether control measures directed against BLRV will overcome their seed losses. Bluegreen aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi) was implicated as a potential vector of BLRV because it was observed to be colonising lucerne plants adjacent to subterranean clover seed production paddocks with BLRV, and in a glasshouse trial it transmitted BLRV from an infected lucerne plant to subterranean clover in a persistent manner.

An epidemic of cucumber mosaic virus in South Australian lupins

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Alberts ◽  
J Hannay ◽  
JW Randles
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Experimental Host Range

Many Lupinus angustifolius crops in South Australia showed a high incidence of severe stunting and leaf epinasty during 1983. The epidemic was attributed to infection with cucumber mosaic virus. The virus was also recovered from Trifolium subterraneum cv. Geraldton, Medicago polymorpha, Vicia faba, Erodium sp. and Arctotheca calendula growing in or adjacent to lupin crops. The experimental host range of the virus included T. subterraneum cv. Clare, T. repens, Pisurn sativum, Vicia faba and Cicer arietinum. A seed transmission rate of 12-15% was demonstrated in field-infected lupins, and it is concluded that the epidemic probably arose through primary introduction of virus into crops in seed, followed by secondary spread by aphids. The possible role of alternative host species as a reservoir is discussed.

Infection of alternative hosts associated with annual medics (Medicago spp.) by alfalfa mosaic virus and its persistence between growing seasons

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ McKirdy ◽  
RAC Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Annual Medicago

Under conditions of natural alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) spread, five plant species found associated with annual Medicago spp. (medics) were infected commonly and another seven sporadically. Ten of these were new records. Because seed of herbaceous plant hosts provides a possible route for virus persistence through dry summer conditions, AMV seed transmission was tested for in alternative hosts. Of ten species systemically infected by sap inoculation with AMV, seed transmission was detected in Melilotus indica (l0%), Ornithopus compressus (0 1%) and Stachys arvensis (2%). Seed of seven naturally infected potential alternative host species was tested, and seed transmission found in Crassula decumbens (0. 1%), M. indica (3%), 0. compressus (0.2%), S. arvensis (0.4%) and Trifolium subterraneum (2%). Carry-over of AMV through seed transmission was detected in seedlings of Hypochaeris glabra (0.2%) and M. indica (0.6-0.8%) that germinated naturally in the field. In grazed, self-regenerated Medicago murex and M. polymorpha swards sown in 1987, the virus persisted for at least seven growing seasons. Levels of infection in M. polymorpha seed produced each year declined, but levels in the general seed bank remained higher due to presence of older seed. It is concluded that under the conditions of broadacre agriculture in the Mediterranean-type climate of Western Australia, seed transmission in C. decumbens, H. glabra and volunteer 0. compressus is an alternative means by which AMV can persist over summer to act as sources of AMV for spread within annual medic pastures. However, persistence through seed of the annual medic cultivars sown and of naturalized annual Medicago species is the principal means of persistence. AMV persists readily from year to year following sowing of infected seed and is likely to cause a recurrent disease problem in annual medic pastures.

Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus infection of alternative hosts associated with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum and narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius): field screening procedure, relative susceptibility/resistance rankings, seed transmission and persistence between growing seasons

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ McKirdy ◽  
RAC Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Natural Spread

A field screening procedure was devised to determine relative susceptibility and resistance rankings for hosts of bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BYMV) using BYMV-infected Trifolium subterraneum plants transplanted at eack end of single row test plots. Natural spread of BYMV by aphids resulted in BYMV symptoms in test lines. Four test lines were ranked as highly resistant, nine were resistant, seven were moderately resistant, eight were susceptible and two were highly susceptible to BYMV infection. Disease progress curves plotted for each test line assisted in the ranking process. Relative rankings were independent of flowering date and presence of host alkaloids. Acrythosiphon kondoi, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi were the predominant aphid species caught in traps associated with field screening plots. Seven plant species tested were new BYMV host records. Seed of four plant species systemically infected following sap inoculation with BYMV was tested, and seed transmission detected in Melilotus indica (0.5%). When seed of 19 alternative host species that became systemically infected through natural spread was tested, seed transmission was found in Medicago polymorpha (0.9%), Medicago truncatula (0.3%), M. indica (1%), T, arvense (0. 1%), T. campestre (0.2%) and T. glomeratum (0.05%). No seed transmission was detected in T. subterraneum. It is concluded that under broadacre agriculture in the Mediterranean climate of Western Australia, seed-borne infection in naturalized M. polymorpha, T. arvense, T. campestre and T. glomeratum growing in T. subterraneum pastures probably provides the principal means by which BYMV persists over the dry summer to act as primary sources for subsequent spread. The species most likely to contribute to BYMV spread within T. subterraneum pastures and from them to Lupinus angustifolius crops were L. cosentinii, T. campestre, T. dubium and T. subterraneum itself.

Development of Cucumber mosaic virus as a vector modifiable for different host species to produce therapeutic proteins

Planta ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouki Matsuo ◽  
Jin- Sung Hong ◽  
Noriko Tabayashi ◽  
Akira Ito ◽  
Chikara Masuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Therapeutic Proteins

scholarly journals Characterization of two Cucumber mosaic virus isolates infecting Allium cepa in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Adyatma I. SANTOSA ◽  
Filiz ERTUNC
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Severe Leaf

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is polyphagous, infecting plants in several families. CMV has occurred as a minor pathogen in Allium crops in several Mediterranean countries, but little was known of the virus naturally infecting Allium spp. This study completed molecular and biological characterization of CMV-14.3Po and CMV-15.5Po, two newly identified CMV isolates infecting onion (Allium cepa L.) in Turkey. Phylogenetic, and nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity analyses of partial RNA2 and RNA3 of the two isolates showed that they were very similar to other CMV isolates from Mediterranean, European, and East Asian countries. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequence of RNA3 also showed that the onion isolates belong to subgroup IA. Onion isolates were mechanically transmissible, and caused mild leaf malformation on onion, severe leaf malformation and stunting on garlic (Allium sativus L.), and mosaic and mottle on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and melon (Cucumis melo L.).

scholarly journals Seed Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Spinach

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 924-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanming Yang ◽  
Kyung Soo Kim ◽  
Edwin J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Healthy Female

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seed from a commercial breeding line suspected of harboring cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was analyzed for seed transmission of the virus. Initial seed grow-out tests and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay studies indicated that CMV was present in this seed lot at a level of nearly 15%. To verify these results and gain insight into the mechanism of seed transmission, four combinations of crosses between healthy and/or infected parent plants were conducted. None of the spinach seedlings derived from crossing healthy male and healthy female plants contained CMV, whereas a portion of seedlings derived from all of the other three crosses, i.e., healthy male and infected female, infected male and healthy female, and infected male and infected female plants, were infected with CMV. The results demonstrate that CMV is seed transmitted in spinach and indicate that both male and female parent plants can serve as infection sources. Ultrastructural studies, including immunogold labeling, revealed the presence of virus particles in the cytoplasm of ovary wall cells, ovule integuments and nucellus, anther, and seed-coat cells, as well as fine fibril-containing vesicles and electron-dense inclusions of amorphous aggregates in the central vacuoles of these cells. In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify 860-bp cDNA fragments containing the CMV coat protein (CP) gene from the embryo, endosperm, and pollen tissues of CMV-infected plants. Taken together, these studies indicate that CMV occurs in virtually all spinach reproductive tissues. Analysis of several RT-PCR amplified and cloned CP genes and flanking sequences from parent and progeny plants revealed that the spinachinfecting CMV was a member of subgroup II. Furthermore, cDNA sequencing and restriction endonuclease mapping consistently revealed two sequence variants, designated SP103 and SP104, in most plants analyzed. These data suggest that there may have been mixed infections of two distinct, seed-transmitted CMV variants in spinach.

Subterranean clover mottle virus infection of subterranean clover: widespread occurrence in pastures and effects on productivity

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Wroth ◽  
RAC Jones
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Type Isolate ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South West

In 1989 and 1990, infection with subterranean clover mottle sobemovirus (SCMV) was widespread in subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.) pastures in the south-west of Western Australia. The virus was detected in 61% of the pastures sampled and incidences of infection ranged from 1 to 50%. The virus was more common in old pastures than in pastures resown with newer cultivars during the preceeding 5 year period. When 12 isolates of SCMV were inoculated to subterranean clover plants grown in the glasshouse, symptoms varied from mild to severe. SCMV isolates P23 and F4 decreased the herbage dry weight of cw. Daliak and Woogenellup grown in plots as spaced plants by 81-88% while the Type isolate caused losses of 92%. By contrast, losses were 37-49% with cv. Karridale, a cultivar in which systemic infection was either delayed or prevented during winter. Infection decreased seed yield by c. 90% in cvv. Karridale and Woogenellup with all three isolates; seed weight was decreased 21-55%. A small proportion of cv. Woogenellup transplants outgrew the infection in new shoots during late spring to produce abundant healthy foliage. SCMV seed transmission rates in seed collected from infected transplants of cv. Woogenellup were 0.06, 0.07 and 0.43% for the Type, P23 and F4 isolates respectively. It was concluded that SCMV was present in most pastures, but at low incidences, and that it persists in them from year to year. Extended growing seasons and hard grazing are likely to increase its incidence.

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