An epidemic of cucumber mosaic virus in South Australian lupins

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Alberts ◽  
J Hannay ◽  
JW Randles
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Experimental Host Range

Many Lupinus angustifolius crops in South Australia showed a high incidence of severe stunting and leaf epinasty during 1983. The epidemic was attributed to infection with cucumber mosaic virus. The virus was also recovered from Trifolium subterraneum cv. Geraldton, Medicago polymorpha, Vicia faba, Erodium sp. and Arctotheca calendula growing in or adjacent to lupin crops. The experimental host range of the virus included T. subterraneum cv. Clare, T. repens, Pisurn sativum, Vicia faba and Cicer arietinum. A seed transmission rate of 12-15% was demonstrated in field-infected lupins, and it is concluded that the epidemic probably arose through primary introduction of virus into crops in seed, followed by secondary spread by aphids. The possible role of alternative host species as a reservoir is discussed.

Bean leafroll virus is widespread in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) seed crops and can be persistently transmitted by bluegreen aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Peck ◽  
N. Habili ◽  
R. M. Nair ◽  
J. W. Randles ◽  
C. T. de Koning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Bean Leafroll Virus ◽  
Leafroll Virus ◽  
Clover Seed

In the mid 2000s subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) seed producers in South Australia reported symptoms of a red-leaf disease in fields with reduced seed yields. The red-leaf symptoms resembled those caused by several clover-infecting viruses. A set of molecular diagnostic tools were developed for the following viruses which are known to infect subterranean clover: Alfalfa mosaic virus; Bean leafroll virus (BLRV); Beet western yellows virus; Bean yellow mosaic virus; Cucumber mosaic virus; Pea seed-borne mosaic virus; Soybean dwarf virus and Subterranean clover stunt virus. Surveys of subterranean clover seed production fields in 2008 in the south-east of South Australia and western Victoria identified Bean leafroll virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus as present, with BLRV the most widespread. Surveys of pasture seed production fields and pasture evaluation trials in 2009 confirmed that BLRV was widespread. This result will allow seed producers to determine whether control measures directed against BLRV will overcome their seed losses. Bluegreen aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi) was implicated as a potential vector of BLRV because it was observed to be colonising lucerne plants adjacent to subterranean clover seed production paddocks with BLRV, and in a glasshouse trial it transmitted BLRV from an infected lucerne plant to subterranean clover in a persistent manner.

Infection of alternative hosts associated with narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) by cucumber mosaic virus and its persistence between growing seasons

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ McKirdy ◽  
RAC Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
A Minor

Under conditions of natural cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) spread, eight alternate host species found associated with Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leafed lupin) and/or Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) were infected commonly and another nine sporadically. Five of these were new records. Because seed of herbaceous plant hosts provides a possible route for virus persistence through dry summer conditions, CMV seed transmission was tested for in alternative hosts. Seed of seven species systemically infected following sap inoculation was tested, but CMV seed transmission was only detected in M. polymorpha (0.7%) and M. indica (0.1%). When seed of 14 potential alternative host species that became systemically infected through natural virus spread was tested, CMV seed transmission was found only in C. decumbens (0.5%). No CMV was detected in Citrullus lanatus growing as a deep-rooted, herbaceous summer weed following CMV-infected L. angustifolius crops, or in the perennial Acacia saligna growing adjacent to a previously CMV-infected L. angustifolius field. CMV persisted through seed transmission over summer for up to 5 years in grazed, self-regenerated T. subterraneum swards. It is concluded that under the conditions of broadacre agriculture, in the Mediterranean-type climate of Western Australia, weed hosts are unlikely to be an important means by which CMV persists over summer, but seed transmission in naturalized M. polymorpha and C. decumbens may occassionally play a minor role. Moreover, despite being seed-borne in T. subterraneum, CMV did not persist readily enough from year to year in grazed swards for T. subterraneum pastures to play more than a minor role as a CMV source for infection of L. angustifolius .

THE ROLE OF INSECTS IN THE SPREAD OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. McClanahan ◽  
G. E. Guyer
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Melanoplus Differentialis ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Echinocystis Lobata

Entomological aspects of the epidemiology of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were studied in Michigan. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover were efficient vectors of CMV between various hosts in the laboratory. Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) transmitted CMV between cucumber and Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. Myzocallis asclepiadis (Monell) was shown to be a new vector of CMV between Asclepias syriaca L. Neither Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas) nor Acalymma vittata (Fabricius) transmitted the virus in limited trials.There was a small proportion of cucumber plants infected early in July, when alate M. persicae were present. In August the incidence of infection rose rapidly after a period of activity of alate A. gossypii. Alate aphids were trapped in yellow water pans situated in and around cucumbers. Seven known vectors of CMV were caught.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in the Regulation of Nicotiana tabacum Response to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection and Symptom Recovery through Single-Base Resolution Methylomes

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Wang ◽  
Chaonan Wang ◽  
Wenjie Xu ◽  
Jingze Zou ◽  
Yanhong Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
Symptom Recovery

Plants have evolved multiple mechanisms to respond to viral infection. These responses have been studied in detail at the level of host immune response and antiviral RNA silencing (RNAi). However, the possibility of epigenetic reprogramming has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we identified the role of DNA methylation during viral infection and performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) on tissues of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected Nicotiana tabacum at various developmental stages. Differential methylated regions are enriched with CHH sequence contexts, 80% of which are located on the gene body to regulate gene expression in a temporal style. The methylated genes depressed by methyltransferase inhibition largely overlapped with methylated genes in response to viral invasion. Activation in the argonaute protein and depression in methyl donor synthase revealed the important role of dynamic methylation changes in modulating viral clearance and resistance signaling. Methylation-expression relationships were found to be required for the immune response and cellular components are necessary for the proper defense response to infection and symptom recovery.

Cucumber mosaic virus. [Distribution map].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
South Australia ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cucumber mosaic virus Viruses: Bromoviridae: Cucumovirus Hosts: mainly Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae and Araceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Central Russia Russian Far East, Northern Russia, Southern Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei, Menggu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Republic of Georgia, India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Algeria, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Ceara, Espirito, Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Minas Gerais, Para, Parana, Piaui, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, French, Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western, Australia, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French, Polynesia, Kiribati, NFW Zealand, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.

scholarly journals Using a Viral Vector to Reveal the Role of MicroRNA159 in Disease Symptom Induction by a Severe Strain of Cucumber mosaic virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 1378-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyou Du ◽  
Aizhong Chen ◽  
Wenhu Chen ◽  
Jack H. Westwood ◽  
David C. Baulcombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Disease Symptom ◽  
Severe Strain

scholarly journals Seed Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Spinach

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 924-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanming Yang ◽  
Kyung Soo Kim ◽  
Edwin J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Healthy Female

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seed from a commercial breeding line suspected of harboring cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was analyzed for seed transmission of the virus. Initial seed grow-out tests and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay studies indicated that CMV was present in this seed lot at a level of nearly 15%. To verify these results and gain insight into the mechanism of seed transmission, four combinations of crosses between healthy and/or infected parent plants were conducted. None of the spinach seedlings derived from crossing healthy male and healthy female plants contained CMV, whereas a portion of seedlings derived from all of the other three crosses, i.e., healthy male and infected female, infected male and healthy female, and infected male and infected female plants, were infected with CMV. The results demonstrate that CMV is seed transmitted in spinach and indicate that both male and female parent plants can serve as infection sources. Ultrastructural studies, including immunogold labeling, revealed the presence of virus particles in the cytoplasm of ovary wall cells, ovule integuments and nucellus, anther, and seed-coat cells, as well as fine fibril-containing vesicles and electron-dense inclusions of amorphous aggregates in the central vacuoles of these cells. In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify 860-bp cDNA fragments containing the CMV coat protein (CP) gene from the embryo, endosperm, and pollen tissues of CMV-infected plants. Taken together, these studies indicate that CMV occurs in virtually all spinach reproductive tissues. Analysis of several RT-PCR amplified and cloned CP genes and flanking sequences from parent and progeny plants revealed that the spinachinfecting CMV was a member of subgroup II. Furthermore, cDNA sequencing and restriction endonuclease mapping consistently revealed two sequence variants, designated SP103 and SP104, in most plants analyzed. These data suggest that there may have been mixed infections of two distinct, seed-transmitted CMV variants in spinach.

Factors influencing transmission of alfalfa mosaic virus through seed of annual medics (Medicago spp.) and the genetic control of seed transmission rate

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 989 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Pathipanawat ◽  
R. A. C. Jones ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Annual Medics

Factors likely to influence rates of transmission of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) through seed to seedlings of annual medics (Medicago spp.) and genetic control of the magnitude of its seed transmission rate were investigated in plants from 17 early-flowering accessions of M. polymorpha and in progenies of crosses involving M. murex cv. Zodiac × accession 5320 as parents. Plants were graft-inoculated when 6 weeks old to ensure successful and uniform infection. To exclude variation in seed transmission rates due to virus isolate or temperature, only 1 AMV isolate was used and the plants were kept under uniform temperature conditions. In M. polymorpha, significant differences were found between accessions in the levels of AMV transmitted through seed to progeny seedlings, SA 8250 giving the highest mean level of seed transmission (52%) and SA 4188 the lowest (3%). Neither virus concentration nor symptom severity influenced the rates of seed transmission obtained. However, part of the variation in seed transmission rates found in these accessions was related to their flowering times, seed transmission rates increasing as the interval between inoculation and owering increased. In seed samples collected from individual graft-inoculated plants of M. murex from (i) the F2 generation from crosses and reciprocal crosses, and (ii) the backcross progenies, the rates of transmission of AMV through seed to seedlings ranged from 0 to 77% and showed a continuous pattern of variation. Also, there was evidence of transgressive segregation for the low seed transmission rate condition. This indicates that the low seed transmission rate condition for AMV in medics is quantitatively inherited and under polygenic control. In contrast, when the pods from F2 progeny plants from the crosses and reciprocal crosses were examined, the segregation ratios obtained revealed that the smooth pod character from parent accession 5320 was controlled by a single recessive gene, for which the name sp is proposed. The presence in a plant of gene sp, or of its spiny pod-determining allele from the other parent cv. Zodiac, was not correlated with low seed transmission rates of AMV. It is concluded that selection for low rates of seed transmission and a population breeding approach can be used to produce improved M. polymorpha and M. murex cultivars with good resistance to seed-borne AMV

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