scholarly journals The Effect of Stem Rust Infection on the Soluble Proteins of Wheat Leaves

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Wrigley ◽  
HL Webster
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Disk Electrophoresis ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Wheat Leaves

The soluble proteins of wheat leaf and of stem rust uredospores were resolved into about 28 and 34 components, respectively, by disk electrophoresis. The funguscontaining and the fungus-free areas of infected wheat leaves were examined. The electrophoretic pattern of an extract of the lesions was markedly different from the pattern of an extract of uninfected leaves. Comparison with the pattern of an extract of uredospores suggested that some of these differences were due to contamination with fungal proteins. For susceptible varieties, extracts of the extralesion areas of infected leaves showed different electrophoretic patterns from extracts of uninfected leaves. This was not so for resistant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Association of Pestalotiopsis Guepinii (DESM.) Stay. with Bipolaris Leaf Blight (BpLB) Infected Wheat Leaves-A new Record

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Shamim Shamsi ◽  
Mst Selina Momtaz
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Anamorphic Fungus ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay an anamorphic fungus belonging to the class Celomycetes was isolated from Bipolaris leaf blight (BpLB) infected wheat leaf of two wheat varieties namely, Balaka and Saurab during the period of February to March, 2011. Association of Pestalotiopsis guepinii with wheat is a new record.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 1, 87-90, 2016

Content and Metabolism of Indole-3-acetic Acid (IAA) in Healthy and Rust-Infected Wheat Leaf Segments

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1023-1031
Author(s):  
Gertrud Wiese ◽  
Hans J. Grambow
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Rapid Exchange ◽  
Germination Medium ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Iaa Conjugates

Abstract The content of IAA in stem rust-infected susceptible wheat leaves shows a highly pronounced maximum 5-6 days after inoculation, shortly prior to the onset of sporulation. This auxin increase can not only be caused by a reduced degradation of IAA. Considerable amounts of IAA are also found in urediospores and germlings; the IAA is in part released by them into the germination medium. IAA applied exogenously to wheat leaves is channelled into two different degradation path­ways: (a) into the peroxidase-catalysed decarboxylation which leads to indole-3-methanol and subsequent products as well as into (b) a non-decarboxylative path which leads to a number of oxindolic compounds. Furthermore, IAA conjugates such as IAAglc and IAAsp are formed. The formation of the products is characteristically dependent upon the concentration of the IAA applied. In rust fungus-infected wheat leaves, all IAA metabolites occur which are known in healthy leaves. The mode of their formation after “feeding” of radioactively-labelled IAA leads to the conclusion that the main part of the IAA in the infected leaves is present in a pool which does not permit a rapid exchange with the IAA taken up. The results lead to the hypothesis that IAA is present, to a major extent, in the structures of the fungus and is probably also produced by it.

The physiology of host–parasite relations. XIX. Further observations on nucleoprotein changes in wheat leaf nuclei during rust infection

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Michael Shaw ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Host Parasite

Cytophotometric measurements of DNA (Feulgen) and protein-bound lysine and arginine (fluorodinitrobenzene-Sakaguchi) were made on nuclei in mesophyll cells of infected and uninfected leaves of Little Club wheat at intervals of 2 to 4 days up to 13 days after inoculation with uredospores of race 15B of the stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis tritici Erikss. and Henn.). No change in host DNA was found within 6 days after inoculation, but there were marked decreases in protein-bound lysine and arginine as early as 2 days after inoculation. The DNA/lysine and DNA/arginine ratios were higher in rust-affected host nuclei, but infection did not alter the ratio of protein-bound lysine to arginine. In another series of measurements it was shown that rust infection caused striking increases in the volume and the RNA and protein contents of host nucleoli. These changes persisted even in advanced infections.All the results are consistent with our earlier observations and indicate that profound changes in nuclear metabolism are induced by infection with the rust fungus.

scholarly journals Peroxidase isoenzyme patterns of resistant and susceptible wheat leaves following stem rust infection

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERENIKE E. FLOTT ◽  
BRUNO M. MOERSCHBACHER ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM REISENER
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Peroxidase Isoenzyme ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns

scholarly journals Wheat Leaf Antioxidative Status—Variety-Specific Mechanisms of Zinc Tolerance during Biofortification

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2223
Author(s):  
Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac ◽  
Rosemary Vuković ◽  
Kristina Vuković ◽  
Ana Vuković ◽  
Vladimir Ivezić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Zinc Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Phenolics Content ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Agronomic Biofortification

In this study, we evaluated the leaf antioxidative responses of three wheat varieties (Srpanjka, Divana, and Simonida) treated with two different forms of zinc (Zn), Zn-sulfate and Zn-EDTA, in concentrations commonly used in agronomic biofortification. Zn concentration was significantly higher in the flag leaves of all three wheat varieties treated with Zn-EDTA compared to control and leaves treated with Zn-sulfate. Both forms of Zn increased malondialdehyde level and total phenolics content in varieties Srpanjka and Divana. Total glutathione content was not affected after the Zn treatment. Zn-sulfate increased the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) in both Srpanjka and Divana, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) was only induced in var. Srpanjka. Chelate form of Zn increased the activities of GST and GPOD in both Simonida and Divana. Catalase activity was shown to be less sensitive to Zn treatment and was only induced in var. Srpanjka treated with Zn-EDTA where GPOD activity was not induced. Concentrations of Zn used for agronomic biofortification can induce oxidative stress in wheat leaves. The antioxidative status of wheat leaves could be a good indicator of Zn tolerance, whereas wheat genotype and chemical form of Zn are the most critical factors influencing Zn toxicity.

ANTIBIOTIC P-9 IN THE CONTROL OF CEREAL RUSTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1725-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. F. Hagborg ◽  
W. S. Chelack ◽  
J. F. T. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Cereal Rusts ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Recurrent outbreaks of stem rust, Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn., following the widespread use of previously rust-resistant wheat varieties have emphasized the need of alternative means of rust control. A new antibiotic, P-9, available as yet only in impure form, has several properties that suggest its potential usefulness in the control of cereal rusts. It has systemic and eradicative action, is non-phytotoxic to the host crop at concentrations of a higher order than required for the control of cereal rusts, is probably non-zootoxic, and is highly water-soluble.In greenhouse tests P-9 arrested infection completely in leaf rust, P. recondita Rob. ex Desm., and in stem rust and it was apparently translocated more readily distally than proximally. In field plot tests in 1959 and 1960 it reduced rust infection and increased yield substantially.

scholarly journals Effect of leaf temperature on the estimation of photosynthetic and other traits of wheat leaves from hyperspectral reflectance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad A Khan ◽  
Yukiko Nakamura ◽  
Robert T Furbank ◽  
John R Evans
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Hyperspectral Reflectance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Temperature Signal ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Abstract A growing number of leaf traits can be estimated from hyperspectral reflectance data. These include structural and compositional traits, such as leaf mass per area (LMA) and nitrogen and chlorophyll content, but also physiological traits such a Rubisco carboxylation activity, electron transport rate, and respiration rate. Since physiological traits vary with leaf temperature, how does this impact on predictions made from reflectance measurements? We investigated this with two wheat varieties, by repeatedly measuring each leaf through a sequence of temperatures imposed by varying the air temperature in a growth room. Leaf temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 35 °C did not alter the estimated Rubisco capacity normalized to 25 °C (Vcmax25), or chlorophyll or nitrogen contents per unit leaf area. Models estimating LMA and Vcmax25/N were both slightly influenced by leaf temperature: estimated LMA increased by 0.27% °C–1 and Vcmax25/N increased by 0.46% °C–1. A model estimating Rubisco activity closely followed variation associated with leaf temperature. Reflectance spectra change with leaf temperature and therefore contain a temperature signal.

METABOLISM OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN HEALTHY AND RUST-INFECTED PRIMARY LEAVES OF WHEAT: II. STUDIES WITH L-PHENYLALANINE-U-14C, L-TYROSINE-U-14C, AND FERULATE-U-14C

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2137-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fuchs ◽  
R. Rohringer ◽  
D. J. Samborski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Resistant Reaction ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Wheat leaves infected with stem rust, especially those of susceptible plants, contained more phenylalanine and tyrosine than healthy leaves. The utilization of phenylalanine was increased in both the susceptible and resistant reaction, but the utilization of tyrosine was increased only in the susceptible reaction. No evidence of interconversion of these amino acids was obtained.In n-butanol extracts, which contained glycosides, many constituents were labelled after feeding of L-phenylalanine-U-14C. Most of the n-butanol extractives from resistant-reacting leaves contained more label than those from susceptible-reacting leaves or from healthy leaves. However, one of the n-butanol extractives from susceptible-reacting leaves was 5–10 times as active as that isolated from the other tissues.With L-phenylalanine-U-14C and ferulate-U-14C as precursors, more activity was recovered in insoluble than in soluble esters (of ferulate and p-coumarate). With L-tyrosine-U-14C as precursor, the reverse was observed. After infection, the proportion of label in insoluble esters increased more in resistant leaves than it did in susceptible leaves, regardless of the precursor used.A major portion of the activity from these precursors was recovered in the insoluble residue that contained protein and other polymers. In the experiment with L-phenylalanine-U-14C, this residue was fractionated into protein and non-hydrolyzable material. Susceptible-reacting leaves contained equal amounts of activity in these fractions, while resistant-reacting leaves incorporated 2.5 times as much activity into the non-hydrolyzable material as into protein.

Effect of Rust Infection on Oxidative Phosphorylation of Wheat Leaves

Nature ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 182 (4650) ◽  
pp. 1686-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. POZSÁR ◽  
Z. KIRÁLY
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Wheat Leaves

THE YELLOW COLORING MATTER OF KHAPLI WHEAT, TRITICUM DICOCCUM: II. THE CONSTITUTION OF TRICETIN

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ansel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Related Compound ◽  
Mixed Melting Point ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Coloring Matter ◽  
Color Reactions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

Khapli wheat leaves contain a very small quantity of a trihydroxydimethoxyflavone, tricin. Marquis yields a trace of the same compound. These two varieties also contain water-soluble coloring matters which are apparently glucosides of tricin or of a closely related compound. Dyeing tests carried out with six other wheat varieties indicate that all contain essentially the same coloring matters.Methylation of tricin and hydrolysis of the resulting O-trimethyltricin yielded 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone. It was therefore assumed that tricetin, the pentahydroxyflavone derived from tricin, was 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxyflavone. This was synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and phloracetophenone by the Allan-Robinson method. Mixed melting-point determinations showed that its O-pentamethyl and O-penta-acetyl derivatives are identical with the corresponding derivatives of tricetin. The dyeing properties and color reactions of synthetic and natural tricetin are identical and are in fair agreement with those described by Badhwar, Kang and Ventkataraman (3, p. 1111) who recently reported the synthesis of the same compound.

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