scholarly journals Non-esterified Long-chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Fed Sheep at Rest and During Exercise

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Pethick ◽  
N Harman ◽  
JK Chong
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Sustained Increase

The role of circulating, non-esterified, long-chain fatty acids (NEFA) as a source of energy for the whole animal and skeletal muscle was investigated in fed non-pregnant sheep at rest and during exercise. Infusion of tracer quantities of [1-14C]oleic or [l-14C]stearic acid was combined with the use of arteriovenous difference studies on fed sheep at rest or during a 2 h period of exercise on a belt treadmill moving at 4� 5 km h -I. At rest all parameters of NEFA metabolism indicated a minimal role for oxidation. Thus the concentration in plasma (0'07 � 0�01 mmol I-I), entry rate (0'08 � 0�02 mmol h- I kg-I body wt), contribution to whole animal oxidation (1'2 � 0'3%) and utilization of NEFA by skeletal muscle (0'046 � 0�008 mmol h- I kg-I muscle) were all low. Exercise prompted a shift to lipolysis and accordingly the above parameters increased markedly some 13-24-fold. The circulating concentration of ketone bodies showed only a small increase during exercise and consequently the role of ketone bodies as an energy source during exercise was minimal. Glucose utilization by skeletal muscle was considerable in animals at rest and it represented the most significant potential fuel of skeletal muscle. Exercise resulted in a sustained increase of 3-4-fold in the utilization of glucose by skeletal muscle. Thus the traditional view that NEF A and not glucose is a predominant fuel of skeletal muscle of fed sheep should be appraised.

scholarly journals Metabolism of ketone bodies in pregnant sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
D. B. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Ketone Body Metabolism

1. A combination of isotope-dilution and arteriovenous-difference techniques was used to determine the significance of ketones to energy homoeostasis in fasted pregnant ewes.2. There was incomplete interconversion of D(−) 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) and therefore neither entry rate nor oxidation of total ketone bodies could be estimated by assuming circulating ketone bodies represent a single metabolic compartment. Total ketone body metabolism was satisfactorily summarized using a three-compartment model. In fasted pregnant ewes the mean entry rate of total ketones was 1 mmol/h per kg body-weight and of the ketones entering the circulation 87% were promptly oxidized to carbon dioxide accounting for 30% of the total COa production.3. Ketone bodies are readily utilized by hind-limb skeletal muscle such that if completely oxidized, 18±4 and 48±3% of the oxygen utilized could be accounted for in fed and fasted pregnant ewes respectively. For both 3HB and AcAc there was a hyperbolic relationship between utilization and arterial concentration. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) values were 0·55 and 1–42 mM respectively and the maximum velocity (Vmax) 2·9 and 5·6 mmol/h per kg muscle. The arterial concentration of AcAc is always below the Km value and this limits the utilization rate. The D(−) 3HB concentration, however, may surpass that required for maximum utilization and ketoacidosis may be a consequence of this.4. A two-compartment model was used to analyse ketone body metabolism by hind-limb skeletal muscle. The results suggested substantial intercon version and production of AcAc and 3HB.5. The pregnant uterus utilized 3HB which if completely oxidized accounted for 12±2 (fed) and 25±4 (fasted) % of its O2 consumption. At least 64% of the net 3HB utilized was oxidized. AcAc was not utilized in significant quantities.

Metabolomic linkage reveals functional interaction between glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and ghrelin in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. E608-E617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Rudovich ◽  
Victoria J. Nikiforova ◽  
Baerbel Otto ◽  
Olga Pivovarova ◽  
Özlem Gögebakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Systemic Control ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Long Chain

The gastric peptide ghrelin promotes energy storage, appetite, and food intake. Nutrient intake strongly suppresses circulating ghrelin via molecular mechanisms possibly involving insulin and gastrointestinal hormones. On the basis of the growing evidence that glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is involved in the control of fuel metabolism, we hypothesized that GIP and/or insulin, directly or via changes in plasma metabolites, might affect circulating ghrelin. Fourteen obese subjects were infused with GIP (2.0 pmol·kg−1·min−1) or placebo in the fasting state during either euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (EC) or hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps (HC). Apart from analysis of plasma ghrelin and insulin levels, GC-TOF/MS analysis was applied to create a hormone-metabolite network for each experiment. The GIP and insulin effects on circulating ghrelin were analyzed within the framework of those networks. In the HC, ghrelin levels decreased in the absence (19.2% vs. baseline, P = 0.028) as well as in the presence of GIP (33.8%, P = 0.018). Ghrelin levels were significantly lower during HC with GIP than with placebo, despite insulin levels not differing significantly. In the GIP network combining data on GIP-infusion, EC+GIP and HC+GIP experiments, ghrelin was integrated into hormone-metabolite networks through a connection to a group of long-chain fatty acids. In contrast, ghrelin was excluded from the network of experiments without GIP. GIP decreased circulating ghrelin and might have affected the ghrelin system via modification of long-chain fatty acid pools. These observations were independent of insulin and offer potential mechanistic underpinnings for the involvement of GIP in systemic control of energy metabolism.

scholarly journals The Role of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxiang Ma ◽  
Reshma Vasu ◽  
Hu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complicated disease involving multiple pathogenic factors. The complex relationships between long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and the morbidity of IBD drive numerous studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of LCFAs in IBD will substitute or boost the current IBD therapies, thereby obtaining mucosal healing. In this review, we focused on the roles of LCFAs on the important links of inflammatory regulation in IBD, including in the pathogen recognition phase and in the inflammatory resolving phase, and the effects of LCFAs on immune cells in IBD.

scholarly journals Selective transport of long-chain fatty acids by FAT/CD36 in skeletal muscle of broilers

animal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guo ◽  
G. Shu ◽  
L. Zhou ◽  
X. Zhu ◽  
W. Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Role of SNPs of CPTIA and CROT genes in the carnitine-shuttle in coronary artery disease: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-830
Author(s):  
Aslihan Demircan ◽  
Ender Coskunpinar ◽  
Deniz Kanca ◽  
Gulcin Ozkara ◽  
Fatih Yanar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Objective Fatty acid β-oxidation defects can lead to difficulties at covering energy requirement of heart. The carnitine-shuttle is responsible for the transfering of long-chain fatty acids from the internal mitochondrial membrane. The role of genetic variants of the enzymes in the carnitine shuttle in coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been studied. Therefore, we performed a case-control study investigating the possible relation between the CPTIA-rs3019613 and CROT-rs2214930 gene variations located carnitine shuttle and CAD risk. Materials and methods Study groups were comprised of 96 CAD patients and 85 controls. CPTIA-rs3019613 G > A and CROT-rs2214930 T > C polymorphisms were determined by real-time-PCR. Results The CROT-rs2214930-CC genotype was found to be associated with decreased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in controls (p = 0.029). In patients with CPTIA-rs3019613-A allele, body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.016) and BMI threshold-value (p = 0.030) were found be higher compared to those with GG-genotype, while HDL-C threshold-value (HDL-C ≤ 0.90 mmol/L) was found to be lower (p = 0.015). Regression analysis confirmed CPTIA-rs3019613-A allele has a significant relationship with decreased HDL-C (p = 0.009) in patients. Conclusion Our study indicated that the polymorphisms of the CROT and CPTIA genes related to β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids had an important effect on serum HDL-C levels and may be a potential risk for CAD.

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