Enrichment of aqueous solubility and dissolution profile of mesalamine: In vitro evaluation of solid dispersion

The aim of the present study was to formulate solid dispersion (SD) of Mesalamine to enrich the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Mesalamine is used in the management of acute ulcerative colitis and for the prevention of relapse of active ulcerative colitis. In the present study, Solid dispersion of Mesalamine was prepared by Fusion and Solvent evaporation method with different polymers. SD’s were characterized by % practical yield, drug content, Solubility, FT-IR, PXRD (Powder X- ray diffractometry), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), in vitro dissolution studies and Stability studies. The percent drug release of prepared solid dispersion of Mesalamine by fusion and solid dispersion method (FM47, FM67, SE47 and SE67) in 1:7 ratio was found 81.36±0.41, 86.29±0.64, 82.45±0.57and 87.25±1.14 respectively. The aqueous solubility and percent drug release of solid dispersion of Mesalamine by both methods was significantly increased. The PXRD demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in crystallinity of pure drug present in the solid dispersions, which resulted in an increased aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of Mesalamine.The significant increase in aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of Mesalamine was observed in solid dispersion as the crystallinity of the drug decreased, absence of aggregation and agglomeration, increased wetability and good dispersibility after addition of PEG 4000 and PEG 6000.

Nanotech drug delivery system: The perfect physio-Chemical deal for biological command

The application of nanotechnology in drug delivery is offering several exhilarating possibilities not only in healthcare but also in agriculture. Nanoparticles combined with the therapeutic agents have a proven edge over problems associated with conventional therapy; however, some issues like side effects and toxicity are still under debate and are of prime concern in utilization in biological systems. Herein, we discuss the role of nanotech drug delivery system mostly in animal and plants- highlighting the comparative accounts of the key techniques for designing of drug in animals and plants, the challenges therein, the important nanoparticles being used in both the area and prospects of the field in the near future.

Potentially inappropriate medications in nursing homes of iraqi elders: Pharmacists’ assessment and intervention based on 2019 beers criteria

The number of elderly people worldwide is growing with the increasing life expectancy of the human population; in Iraq, the number of elderly people aged ≥65 years was estimated to be 1.34 million in 2019. The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is high among older adults, which is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions. This study investigated the use of PIMs among elderly nursing home (NH) residents in Iraq based on 2019 Beers criteria and the application of the criteria and intervention by pharmacists. An interventional study was conducted from January 2019 to April 2019 at 2 NHs in Baghdad, Iraq. A total of 109 NH residents aged ≥65 years that were using ≥1 daily medicine were included. Patients discharged before completion of the assessment were excluded. Patients with PIMs were using significantly more medications (5.7±3.2) than those without PIMs (2.0 ±1.46) (p<0.0001). The total number of PIMs identified according to the 2019 Beers criteria was 163; for 140 of these (85.9%), pharmacists recommended changing the prescription, with 112 (68.7%) discontinued/changed as a result for an acceptance rate of 80% by physicians. Our results indicate that the use of PIMs for the treatment of Iraqi NH residents is associated with polypharmacy. Thus, prescriptions for elderly people in Iraq with polypharmacy or multiple concurrent diagnoses should be reviewed for PIMs by pharmacists to reduce the risk of adverse events.

Studies on the combinations of some herbals with various chemical entities as a potent antifungal agents

A widespread increase in the prevalence of fungal infections has been documented in recent decades. Candida albicans infections, which are frequently refractory and linked with high morbidity and mortality, place a significant burden on public health, despite the fact that existing antifungal medicines are restricted and associated with toxicity. Fungi are one of the most underappreciated killers, as evidenced by the fact that Amphotericin B and other commercially available antifungal therapies are still recognized as gold standards. The majority of commonly used antifungal medications have toxicity, effectiveness, and cost disadvantages. As a result of these limitations, there is a growing demand for the development of a novel antifungal medication treatment that acts selectively on new targets while having the fewest adverse effects. Natural goods, whether as pure phytocompounds or regulated plant extracts, give prospects for the development of lead compounds that may subsequently be turned into diverse synthetic medications with the appropriate alterations. These herbs can also be used as a component of a herbal synthetic combination, lowering the minimum required dose of the synthetic medicine (when taken singly) and reducing the risk of adverse effects. The goal of this research is to reduce the minimum required concentrations of today's antifungal medications by mixing them with a few less well-known herbal extracts while maintaining their efficacy.

A cohurt study on association and inflammatiory markers of cardio metabolic risk factors in pre and post menopausal women

Pre and post menopause were the complications faced by women globally that not only interferes in physical health but also in mental health of a woman. The menopause factors includes many traditional CVD risk factors, including changes in body fat distribution from agynoid to an android pattern, reduced glucose tolerance, abnormal plasma lipids, increased blood pressure, increased sympathetic tone, endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation . Menopause is a risk factor for (CVD) because estrogen withdrawal has a detrimental effect on cardiovascular function and metabolism .The present study aimed for inflammatory markers of cardio metabolic risk factors in post menopausal women and premenopausal women and the results recorded the significant level of elevation in all parameters compared with case and control samples and the significance was given as student’s t test(p<0.001).

Muntingia calabura: A comprehensive review

Medicinal plants are well-known sources of important therapeutic aid for alleviate human disorders. (Elaeocarpaceae) is the widely used in the ayurvedic system of the medicine as very sweet, musky, fig-like flavour. also known as Jamaica cherry, is a small and evergreen tree. The necessity of plant in human ailments is illustrious in old medicinal practices. The secondary metabolites are obtained from the different parts of plant alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin, phenolic compound etc. are traditional medicinal uses have been reported for the leaves (headaches, prostate problems, reduce gastric ulcers), bark (antiseptic), flowers (antiseptic, reduce swelling, antispasmodic), and fruits (respiratory problems, antidiarrheic). The present study gives an overview on plant and its pharmacological activities were documented.

Ocular drug delivery system (ODDS): Exploration the challenges and approaches to improve ODDS

The remarkable life structures and physiology of the eye presents huge difficulties to researchers in the field of visual medication conveyance frameworks. Nearby infusion is the most fitting and proper medication organization technique for the treatment of foremost front sickness. There are two kinds of hindrances in ophthalmic medication conveyance frameworks: static boundaries and dynamic obstructions. Static lamellae contain corneal, dermal, retinal, and retinal vessels while dynamic lamellae contain placental blood stream, conjunctiva, tear evacuation, and lymphatic seepage. These limitations influence the bioavailability of the medication. This article examines the limits of customary ophthalmic practice and the central point affecting the pharmacokinetics of the eye. Likewise, eye salves, gels, prodrugs, intranasal infusions, thickeners, entrance energizers, liposomes, microparticles, nanoparticles, visual infusions, inserts, nanoparticles, nanostructures, microemulsions, gels and periocular infusions. It guarantees the bioavailability of the medication and the controlled and constant control of the medication in the foremost and back alveoli.

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of novel tetrazoles clubbed with pyrimidine

An attempt was made to synthesize pyrimidine tetrazole derivatives of pharmaceutical interest by oxidative cyclization of chalcones with adequate yield and purity, prompted by the diversity of their wider usage and the fact that they are an integral part of genetic content. The present work involves the reaction of 5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-tetrazole with acetic anhydride to yield 1-[5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl] ethanone (1) and which then treated with different aromatic aldehydes in presence of alkaline medium to chalcones (2a-f). Reaction of chalcones (2a-f) with urea and thiourea to produce 5-[5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]-4-(substituted aryl ) pyrimidin-2-ol (3a-f) and 5-[5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]-4-(substituted aryl) pyrimidin-2-thiol (4a-f) respectively. All compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) to prove the structure and assessed in vitro for their efficacy as antibacterial and antifungal activity against four bacteria. The compounds 3c, 3d and 3f and compounds 4c, 4d and 4f possess very good activity against and E. coli and the compounds 3e, 3c and 3a and compounds 4e,4b and 4c possess very good activity against fungi and .

Removal of dye by using activated charcoal prepared by kitchen waste

The given research study explains about the removal of methyl red dye from aqueous solution. Using activated carbon prepared from kitchen waste. Garlic husk which was used in this work is cost effective and easily available kitchen waste for the production of activated carbon. HCl solution was used as activating agent. Various characterization procedures such as FT-IR, XRD, moisture content, ash value, volatile matter content, pH, iodine value of prepared activated carbon was studied. The adsorption property of activated carbon using different measurement studies like contact time study, effect of concentration, effect of dose of adsorbent was also studied.