Late-acting self-incompatibility in Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciane Finatto ◽  
Karine L. Dos Santos ◽  
Neusa Steiner ◽  
Leon Bizzocchi ◽  
Daniel F. Holderbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zygote Formation ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Pollination ◽  
Acca Sellowiana ◽  
Allogamous Species

Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret is a predominantly allogamous species with hermaphrodite flowers that has barriers to self-fertilisation such as dichogamy by protogyny and self-incompatibility. This study aimed to identify when self-incompatibility occurs in A. sellowiana flowers submitted to self-pollinations. Pollinations were made using nine known self-incompatible accessions in several treatments including manual cross-pollination, manual self-pollination, no pollination and natural pollination. Flowers were pollinated and pistils collected at times ranging from 1 to 30 days after pollination (DAP). In both cross- and self-pollinations the fertilisation occurred from 18 DAP and the zygote was visualised at 24 and 26 DAP, respectively. The abscission of the self-pollinated flowers increased from 26 DAP onwards, when significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for the percentage of abscission among self-pollinated and cross-pollinated flowers. At 30 DAP, 72% of self-pollinated flowers were abscised. The size of ovules and ovaries of self-pollinated flowers showed no significant difference from those of non-pollinated flowers throughout 30 DAP, while those from cross-pollinated flowers were significantly larger (P < 0.05) than the other treatments from 22 and 24 DAP, respectively. After 40 DAP, there was no fruit development in self-pollination and non-pollination treatments. Our study brings greater clarity to the mechanism of self-incompatibility in A. sellowiana, indicating late-acting self-incompatibility occurring through the rejection/abscission of self-pollinated flowers precisely after syngamy and zygote formation.

scholarly journals Cytological Observation and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of Self-Pollination and Cross-Pollination in Dendrobium Officinale

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Yaling Chen ◽  
Benchang Hu ◽  
Fantao Zhang ◽  
Xiangdong Luo ◽  
Jiankun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dendrobium Officinale ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Cytological Observation ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Medicinal Value

Dendrobium officinale is a rare and traditional medicinal plant with high pharmacological and nutritional value. The self-incompatibility mechanism of D. officinale reproductive isolation was formed in the long-term evolution process, but intraspecific hybridization of different germplasm resources leads to a large gap in the yield, quality, and medicinal value of D. officinale. To investigate the biological mechanism of self-incompatibility in D. officinale, cytological observation and the transcriptome analysis was carried out on the samples of self-pollination and cross-pollination in D. officinale. Results for self-pollination showed that the pollen tubes could grow in the style at 2 h, but most of pollen tubes stopped growing at 4 h, while a large number of cross-pollinated pollen tubes grew along the placental space to the base of ovary, indicating that the self-incompatibility of D. officinale may be gametophyte self-incompatibility. A total of 63.41 G basesum of D. officinale style samples from non-pollinated, self-pollination, and cross-pollination by RNA-seq were obtained, and a total of 1944, 1758, and 475 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparison of CK (non-pollinated) vs. HF (cross-pollination sample), CK vs. SF (self-pollination sample) and SF vs. HF were identified, respectively. Forty-one candidate genes related to self-incompatibility were found by function annotation of DEGs, including 6 Ca2+ signal genes, 4 armed repeat containing (ARC) related genes, 11 S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) related genes, 2 Exo70 family genes, 9 ubiquitin related genes, 1 fatty acid related gene, 6 amino acid-related genes, 1 pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein (LRX) related gene and 1 lectin receptor-like kinases (RLKs) related gene, showed that self-incompatibility mechanism of D. officinale involves the interaction of multiple genes and pathways. The results can provide a basis for the study of the self-incompatibility mechanism of D. officinale, and provide ideas for the preservation and utilization of high-quality resources of D. officinale.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI FENOMENA SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY PADA Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Dias Idha Pramesti
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Globular Embryo ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Artificial Pollination

Hybridization is one way to produce Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. which have various shape and colour of flowers. However, this is hampered by the possibility of self-incompatibility in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. To identify self-incompatibility in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. the simplest methods are used by observing the morphology and anatomy of fruit development, followed by a descriptive analysis of the data that has been obtained. The analysis results on crossing artificial pollination to 103 flowers of single pink Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. show that the fruits survive until day 7 after pollination. Furthermore, the data show that there is no fruit, seed, and embryo development. Indeed the fruit turns yellow and finally shed. But the self artificial pollination shows that 35 seeds develop from 96 pollinations. The longer seed, which 13 days after pollination, grew up. The globular embryo could find on 3 DAP (day after pollination) fruit set, and the 9 DAP fruit set shows the development of heart shape. The result suggests that the phenomenon of self-incompatibility on Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. predicts as postzygotic self-incompatibility.

scholarly journals Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Alexander Jonathan Vidgop ◽  
Nelly Norton ◽  
Nechama Rosenberg ◽  
Malka Haguel-Spitzberg ◽  
Itzhak Fouxon
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Choice

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the self-collected database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.

Late-acting self-incompatibility in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Chen ◽  
Shan Hao ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Wanping Fang ◽  
Yuhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation

AbstractThe self-incompatibility of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) was studied with the methods of aniline blue fluorescence assay and paraffin sections. The characteristics of pollen tube elongation after hand pollination was analyzed in 4 tea cultivars, including ‘Keemenzhong’, ‘Longjing-changye’, ‘Fuding-dabaicha’ and ‘Yabukita’, under self-pollination and cross-pollination, respectively. Although there were some difference among cultivars, pollen tubes elongated through the style and reach the ovary successfully at 48 h after pollination for both cross- and self-pollen tubes in all the four cultivars of tea. Pollen tubes entered into the ovule micropyles, however, only for cross-pollination, but not for self-pollination. Pollen tubes of selfing plants, failed in fertilizing, seemed have some difficulties to enter the ovule. All of which indicated that the self-incompatibility of tea plant is a late-acting self-incompatibility system (LSI) or an ovarian sterility (OS), in which the self incompatibility was due to none self pollen tube penetrating into the ovule and no fertilization.

Self-incompatibility in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus (Myrtaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Pound ◽  
M. A. B. Wallwork ◽  
B. M. Potts ◽  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Ovule Penetration

Controlled pollinations with self- and cross-pollen were applied to individual flowers of five mature Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ssp. globulus trees to investigate the site of action of the self-incompatibility mechanism. Growth of pollen tubes in styles at 2 weeks after pollination and ovule penetration by pollen tubes at 2 and 4 weeks after pollination were investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Some pollinated flowers were left to develop to seed maturity, then harvested to quantify the level of self-incompatibility of each tree. Trees ranged from 76 to 100% self-incompatible. There was no significant difference in the number of pollen tubes in the style between treatments although variation was present between trees. The number of pollen tubes present was similar to the number of ovules present within flowers. Penetration of ovules by pollen tubes over all five trees combined revealed no difference between treatments at 2 weeks after pollination; however, there was slightly greater penetration by cross-pollen tubes at 4 weeks after pollination. This difference was not large enough to account for the near complete lack of selfed-seed production, suggesting late pre- or post-zygotic arrest of selfed ovules.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Treatment Partially Overcomes Self-incompatibility in a Cacao Genotype

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Aneja ◽  
Thomas Gianfagna ◽  
Edward Ng ◽  
Ignacio Badilla
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Germination Stage

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) contains self-compatible and self-incompatible genotypes. In the greenhouse, pollen germination and fruit set failed to occur after self-pollination of an incompatible genotype (IMC 30); however, if the self-pollinated flowers were enclosed in plastic vials for 6 h after pollination, pollen germination was 95% The promotive effect of enclosed pollination on pollen germination was due to the accumulation of CO2 (8.9 % v/v). Despite the high rate of pollen germination, fruit set was only 45%. Seeds produced from self-pollinations using this technique were viable, with 95% germination. Cross-pollination with `Amelonado' pollen resulted in 100% pollen germination and 46% fruit set. Enclosure of cross-pollinated flowers did not improve the percentage of fruit set. Sections made through the ovary 48 h after enclosed self-pollination indicated that the majority of ovules contained a zygote; however, some ovules still contained unfused male and female gametes and polar nuclei. Self-incompatibility in this genotype is expressed at two stages in the process leading to fruit set. The first is at the pollen germination stage and can be overcome by CO2 treatment; the second is at the gametic fusion stage.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR OVERCOMING THE PASSION FRUIT SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ SEVERINO DE LIRA JÚNIOR ◽  
CLÁUDIO HORST BRUCKNER ◽  
PEDRO CRESCÊNCIO SOUZA CARNEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
The Self ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Inbred Population ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Fruit Mass

ABSTRACT The methodology of self-pollination of passion fruit flowers at anthesis after stigma excision was proposed. This method was compared with self-pollination procedures at anthesis and at the stage of flower bud. Two genotypes (M7 and N9), propagated by cuttings were studied. Self-pollinations were performed at 1 pm, 1 pm and 5 pm or 5 pm. Fruit set (%), fruit mass (g), pulp mass (g), pulp/fruit ratio and seed number per fruit were evaluated and compared to fruits derived from M7 x N9 and N9 x M7 crosses. No fruit set was obtained from self-pollination at anthesis, which confirms the self-incompatibility of both genotypes. Self-pollination after stigma excision was the best procedure, reaching average fruit set of 73.61 % (13 hours) and 81.94 % (double self-pollination at 1 pm and 5 pm). Although two self-pollinations after stigma excision at anthesis is more efficient, performing only one self-pollination at 1 pm requires less labor. The amount of seeds produced per fruit is satisfactory to generate inbred population.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility of `Arbequina' and `Picual' Olive Assessed by SSR Markers

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Díaz ◽  
Antonio Martín ◽  
Pilar Rallo ◽  
Diego Barranco ◽  
Raúl De la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellites ◽  
Dna Extraction Method ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Allogamous Species ◽  
Seed Dna

We studied the self-incompatibility of two main Spanish olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars, `Picual' and `Arbequina', by testing the selfing of the seeds with microsatellites. For this purpose, we used a rapid single-seed DNA extraction method and four highly polymorphic microsatellites. We analyzed seeds produced in branches bagged for selfing from mono- and multi-cultivar orchards in 2002 and 2003. We did not find any seed coming from selfing in the bagged branches, for either cultivar, in the two types of orchards. Additionally, we tested seeds coming from free pollination in mono-cultivar orchards from different locations. In the case of `Picual' olive, only three seeds out of the 70 collected were the product of selfing, although they came from mono-cultivar orchards located in areas where the cultivar used as the female parent was predominant. From the 20 seeds of `Arbequina' olive harvested in the middle of two high-density plantations, not one was a product of selfing. According to this, olive would behave as an allogamous species in mono-cultivar growing conditions and the pollen coming from long distances would be able to produce a normal bearing. Therefore, there is strong evidence to support the idea that the cultivars studied could be self-incompatible. Future experiments in self-compatibility should include a paternity check of the possible self seeds obtained.

scholarly journals “I Drive Well, the Problem is the Other Driver”: A Study About the Self-Assessment of the Ability to Drive

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduarda Lehmann Bannach ◽  
Alessandra Sant´Anna Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Ability To Drive ◽  
Better Than

This study aims to verify the self-evaluation that people make about their ability to drive and investigate whether there is a difference between self-evaluation and evaluation about their friends’ abilities. To this end, 151 people answered three different questionnaires, one questionnaire about driving abilities (self-evaluation and evaluation of friends), the Driver’s Behavior Questionnaire and a socio-demographic questionnaire The sample consisted of 50.3% of males with a mean age of 25.32 years (sd = 1.66). As a result, self-evaluation was positively correlated with age, evaluation of friend, weekly driving hours, Common Violations, and Aggressive Violations. In addition, there was significant difference between evaluation by sex: males carry out self-assessments in a more positive way. It was also found that people evaluate themselves better than they evaluate their friends. From this research, it is possible to think the target audience that would most benefit from an intervention to reduce self-evaluation, that is, men, people over 24 years old, and people who have more driving experience.

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