The thermal decomposition of RDX at temperatures below the melting point. II. Activation energy

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Batten ◽  
DC Murdie
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Kinetic Parameter ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Sample Geometry ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Definition Of

The activation energy has been determined in the temperature range 170-198�. If the sample was spread the activation energy was independent of the definition of the kinetic parameter substituted in the Arrhenius equation and was 63 kcal mole-1. In the case of the unspread samples the activation energies of the induction, acceleration, and maximum rates were 49, 43, and 62 kcal mole-1 respectively. The effect that sample geometry has on the activation energy is attributed to gaseous decomposition products influencing the reaction.

The thermal decomposition of RDX at temperatures below the melting point. I. Comments on the mechanism

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Batten ◽  
DC Murdie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Sample Geometry

Two mechanisms have recently been proposed to explain the behaviour of the initial rate of decomposition of RDX, with change in sample geometry. These are (i)that the decomposition proceeds by concurrent gas and liquid phase reactions, and (ii) that gaseous decomposition products influence the rate of decomposition of undecomposed RDX in the condensed phase. In this paper it is concluded that mechanism (ii) is the more probable when the reaction is carried out in the presence of nitrogen.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE PERVANADIUM COMPLEX

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Anionic Complex ◽  
Cationic Complex ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
First Order ◽  
Discrete Variations ◽  
Kinetics Of

The 'pervanadium complex' is investigated in a general manner. The kinetics of its thermal decomposition in acid solution are shown to be first order with respect to pervanadium, the apparent activation energy is 26.5 ± 1.0 kcal/mole, and possible mechanisms are suggested. The effect of various acids upon the nature of the decomposition products is determined: almost quantitative yields of vanadium (V) or vanadium (IV) are obtained in very dilute or concentrated acid, respectively. Spectrophotometric studies indicate that in acid solution two separate complexes exist: a red (1:1) cationic complex and a yellow (1:2) anionic complex. The stoichiometry of the equilibrium between the two complexes in solutions of sulphuric acid is investigated by a method of 'discrete variations'. The equilibrium could be described by[Formula: see text]where Kr/y = 2.2 ± 0.2 at 22 °C. The anion is shown to play an important part in determining the nature of the pervanadium complex.

The thermal decomposition of RDX at temperatures below the melting point. IV. Catalysis of the decomposition by formaldehyde

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Batten
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Decomposition Product ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the decomposition of RDX have been investigated in the presence of formaldehyde over the temperature range 170-197� with the RDX sample spread. This indicated a marked increase in the positive- catalytic effect of the formaldehyde with decreasing reaction temperature; however, the kinetics were not altered by the added formaldehyde. ��� The activation energy was about 44 kcal mol-1. It is suggested that the previously obtained activation energy of about this figure, for the decomposition of heaped samples of RDX in the absence of added formaldehyde, was due to catalysis of the reaction by the decomposition product formaldehyde.

The thermal decomposition of RDX at temperatures below the melting point. III. Towards the elucidation of the mechanism

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Batten
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Radical Traps

The rate of thermal decomposition of RDX has been investigated in the presence of its decomposition products and free radical traps. From the measurements, it is concluded that formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide, presumably ?encaged? in the sample, catalyse the decomposition of RDX positively and negatively respectively. The non-volatile residue also acts as a positive catalyst. The other products have little or no effect on the rate, and the free radical traps did not reduce the rate.

THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF PERACETIC ACID IN THE VAPOR PHASE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1819-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schmidt ◽  
A. H. Sehon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Dissociation Energy ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Primary Reactions

The thermal decomposition of peracetic acid in a stream of toluene was studied over the temperature range 127–360 °C. The main products of the reaction were CO2, CH3COOH, C2H6, CH4, HCHO, O2, and traces of CO. Dibenzyl was also formed.The overall decomposition of peracetic acid was partly heterogeneous and was represented by the two parallel primary reactions[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]The dissociation energy of the O—O bond in peracetic acid was estimated to be 30–34 kcal/mole.

THE PHOTOLYSIS OF MERCURY DIMETHYL WITH DEUTERIUM

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Rebbert ◽  
E. W. R. Steacie
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Satisfactory Agreement ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Work Done

Mercury dimethyl was photolyzed in the presence of deuterium in the temperature range from 27 °C. to 253 °C. The activation energy for the reaction[Formula: see text]was found to be 12.7 ± 0.5 kcal./mole. This is in satisfactory agreement with the work done with acetone and deuterium.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN VANADATE BASED GLASSES

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. BARDE ◽  
S. A. WAGHULEY
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Conduction ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Localized States ◽  
Melt Quenching ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Dc Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Glassy Systems

The binary glassy systems 60V2O5-(40-x)P2O5 –xB2O3 were prepared by melt quenching technique. The mole of B2O3 was varies from 5 to 20 mol % with constant mol % of V2O5 during preparation of glass samples. The dc electrical conductivity of samples was measured in temperature range 303-473 K and found to be higher for sample 60 V2O5-20P2O5 –20B2O3 . Using the Arrhenius equation of conductivity, the activation energy of conduction is estimated. The conduction in these glasses is takes place by phonon-assisted hopping between the localized states.

The adsorption of ethylene on silver(I) oxide. I. Rates of adsorption

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
JA Allen ◽  
PH Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Qualitative Explanation ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Elovich Equation

The rates of adsorption of ethylene on silver(I) oxide, Ag2O, have been measured in the temperature range 273-313�K. The kinetic data are analysed in terms of the generalized Elovich equation by methods developed and described in a previous paper.1 The activation energy derived from the rates at zero coverage is 15.6 kcal mole-1. The presence of isothermal anomalies is noted and the extent of each kinetic stage defined. A qualitative explanation of the existence of these stages is suggested.

Thermoreactivity of Sol-Gel Precursor for ZnO-Based Thin Films

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorica Muşat ◽  
Paula M. Vilarinho ◽  
Regina da Conceição Corredeira Monteiro ◽  
Elvira Fortunato ◽  
E. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Kinetic Investigation ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Carbonate Hydroxide

The thermoreactivity of a zinc acetate non-alkoxide solution used for the preparation of ZnO-based thin films was investigated in the temperature range 20-600°C by TG-DTA, XRD and SEM data. We found that the formation in air of ZnO crystallites from the sol-gel precursor occurs above 150°C simultaneously with the decomposition of an intermediary compound, most probably carbonate hydroxide (sclarite and/or hydrozincite). At 200 °C, the crystalline structure is well defined in terms of ZnO hexagonal lattice parameters, although residual organic compounds and water were not yet fully removed and an amorphous phase coexists. A kinetic investigation on the thermal decomposition of sol-gel precursor from DTA data using Kissinger differential equation is also presented. Apparent activation energy values of about. 100 kJ mol-1 corresponding to the nonisothermal decomposition of solid precursors in the temperature range 170-250oC have been found.

Spreading Kinetics of Molten 60Sn40Pb on Higher Melting Temperature Pb-Sn Alloy Substrates

1995 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Conrad ◽  
Z. Guo ◽  
D. Y. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Spherical Cap ◽  
Solid Diffusion ◽  
Time Exponent ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTThe spreading of molten 60Sn40Pb drops on higher melting point Pb-Sn alloy substrates (3 to 10 wt.% Sn) was investigated for reflow temperatures of 205° to 300°C. Following melting the drop assumed the form of a slightly flared, spherical cap with some penetration into the substrate beneath the contact area. The effects of time and temperature on the contact angle θ and the depth of penetration h were of the formwhere the apparent activation energy Q was 4.2 kcal/mole for θ and 16 kcal/mole for h. The time exponent m (negative for θ and positive for h) decreased with temperature from ∼ 0.2–0.3 at 205°C to ∼0.05 at 260° and then increased again at higher temperatures. The magnitude of Q for θ is in accord with that for the viscosity of molten Pb-Sn alloys and that for h with a combined liquid-solid diffusion involved in the dissolution. Further work is however needed to identify unequivocally the mechanisms which govern the wetting in these duplex Pb-Sn alloy systems.

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