scholarly journals Colouring Matters of the Aphidoidea. XLIV. A Survey of Long-Chain Acid Derivatives From Aphid Lipids Compared With Those of Related Insects. Glycerides of Octa-2,4,6-Trienoic Acid

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Addae-Mensah ◽  
DW Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Trienoic Acid ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Chain

A comprehensive survey of lipids representing all families of the Aphidoidea and several related families supports the chemotaxonomic separation of aphids and coccids from the remainder of the Hemiptera. Aphid glycerides are based chiefly on myristate, palmitate and sorbate as noted earlier; octa-2,4,6-trienoate residues are reported for the first time.

Spider diversity in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ((suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 209-243
Author(s):  
J.K.H. Koh ◽  
D.J. Court
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
First Time

This paper discusses the preliminary results of the first comprehensive survey of the spiders of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore. Two plots were established in each of the three zones of vegetation, viz., primary forest, old secondary forest, and maturing secondary forest. They were repeatedly sampled over an 18-month period. Sorting of the collection so far suggests that the three vegetation zones harbour rather different spider assemblages. Only ~9% of the total spider fauna recovered was shared by all three zones. The results have also yielded a preliminary picture of dominance, abundance and rarity. Although first intended to obtain a baseline for future quantitative analyses, the survey became a testing ground to modify and refine methodology so as to conduct future quantitative surveys with greater scientific rigour. Taxonomic work on the samples so far shows that the spiders in the BTNR span over 43 families, of which six families are listed for the first time in Singapore. The tally is summarised in an interim checklist of BTNR spiders. The checklist, with a total of 317 entries, shows that there are 158 described species of spiders in BTNR, of which 25 species are new records for Singapore. Another 159 morphospecies are provisionally recognised as distinct species, some of which may be new to science. Our observations during the survey have allowed us to provide a narrative of BTNR spider diversity against a backdrop of their microhabitat specialisation.

Anisotropic Elasticity

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. C. Ting
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Anisotropic Materials ◽  
Anisotropic Elasticity ◽  
Stress Singularities ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
First Time

Anisotropic Elasticity offers for the first time a comprehensive survey of the analysis of anisotropic materials that can have up to twenty-one elastic constants. Focusing on the mathematically elegant and technically powerful Stroh formalism as a means to understanding the subject, the author tackles a broad range of key topics, including antiplane deformations, Green's functions, stress singularities in composite materials, elliptic inclusions, cracks, thermo-elasticity, and piezoelectric materials, among many others. Well written, theoretically rigorous, and practically oriented, the book will be welcomed by students and researchers alike.

scholarly journals A New Long-Chain Unsaturated Ester and Other Constituents of Hypericum tomentosum

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Ouassila Touafek ◽  
Zahia Kabouche ◽  
Joël Boustie ◽  
Christian Bruneau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Fatty Ester ◽  
Light Petroleum ◽  
Unsaturated Ester ◽  
Unsaturated Esters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Chain

Three long-chain unsaturated esters (1-3), a fatty acid (4), a fatty ester (5), phytone (6) and a phloroglucinol (hyperfoliatin) (7) were isolated from the light petroleum extract of the endemic species Hypericum tomentosum L. (Clusiaceae). Compound 2, 8,10,13-trimethyltetradecanoic acid (2E)-3-methylhexadec-2-enyl ester, which we named tomentosate, is reported for the first time. The structures of the identified compounds were established on the basis of physical and spectroscopic analysis, and by comparison with literature data.

scholarly journals New Compounds from Leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400
Author(s):  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
Gai Kuo ◽  
Dou De-Qiang ◽  
Kang Ting-Guo ◽  
Shi Yu-Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Trienoic Acid ◽  
Octadecatrienoic Acid ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chemical Evidence

A new octadecatrienoic acid and a new benzyl glycoside, along with a known compound, were isolated from the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius. The structures of the two new compounds were elucidated as 13(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(9E,11E,15Z)-trienoic acid (1) and benzyl alcohol 7-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1″→2′)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. The known compound was identified as 13(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(9Z,11E,15Z)-trienoic acid (3) by comparison of its spectral data with that reported. Compound 3 was isolated for the first time from the title plant.

Enhanced photocurrent by the co-sensitization of ZnO with dye and CuInSe nanocrystals

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (28) ◽  
pp. 12516-12521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Zhao ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Liyu Wei ◽  
Zhenghao Liu ◽  
Jiangbin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Pot ◽  
Template Free ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Chain

[email protected] (5–10 nm) was synthesised for the first time using a template-free method and a vacuum one-pot-nanocasting process without long-chain ligands.

scholarly journals n-Alkane Profile of Argemone mexicana Leaves

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Bhattacharjee ◽  
Anupam Ghosh ◽  
Nandita Chowdhury ◽  
Soroj Kumar Chatterjee ◽  
Goutam Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Number ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Carbon Preference Index ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Carbon Number Predominance

An n-hexane extract of fresh, mature leaves of Argemone mexicana (Papaveraceae), containing thin-layer epicuticular waxes, has been analysed for the first time by TLC, IR and GLC using standard hydrocarbons. Seventeen long-chain alkanes (n-C18 to n-C34) were identified and quantified. Nonacosane (n-C29) was established as the n-alkane with the highest amount, whilst octadecane (n-C18) was the least abundant component of the extracted wax fraction. The carbon preference index (CPI) calculated for the hydrocarbon sample with the chain lengths between C18 and C34 was 1.2469, showing an odd to even carbon number predominance.

Modern Views on the Chemistry of Vulcanization Changes. III. Reaction of Sulfur with Squalene and with Rubber

1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-365
Author(s):  
George F. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Distillation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract The hexaisoprene, squalene (C30H50), is a promising hydrocarbon for inclusion in a comprehensive survey of sulfur-olefin reactivity and the mechanism of rubber vulcanization, since its molecular complexity is such as to render it more closely comparable with long-chain polyisoprenes than is the diisoprene dihydromyrcene, while its molecular weight is still sufficiently low to enable molecular distillation of the sulfurated reaction product to be accomplished without recourse to unduly elevated temperatures. It has been shown elsewhere that the behavior of squalene toward halogens resembles more closely that of rubber than does the behavior of dihydromyrcene. It is now found that the reaction of squalene with sulfur at the ordinary vulcanization temperature pursues a course very similar to that of dihydromyrcene while at the same time showing a close resemblance to rubber-sulfur vulcanization.

scholarly journals An Improved L-Shaped Method for Solving Process Flexibility Design Problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Huasheng Yang ◽  
Jatinder N. D. Gupta ◽  
Lina Yu ◽  
Li Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Design Problem ◽  
Stochastic Program ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Process Flexibility ◽  
Response Dimension ◽  
Flexibility Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Chain

Process flexibility, where a plant is able to produce different types of products, is introduced to mitigate mismatch risk caused by demand uncertainties. Thelong chain designproposed by Jordan and Graves in 1995 has been shown to be able to reap most benefits of full-flexibility structure (where each plant is able to produce all products) in balanced systems (where the numbers of products and plants are equal). However, when systems are not balanced or asymmetric or when response dimension is taken into consideration, long chain design may not be the best configuration. Therefore, this paper models the process flexibility design problem in more general settings. The paper considers both balanced and unbalanced systems with asymmetric plants considering response dimension. The problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic program which is solved by an adapted L-shaped method, combining it with several enhancements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time L-shaped method is used to solve the process flexibility design problem. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method and enhancements are evaluated. Finally, the comparison between design methods proposed in this paper and in existing literature shows the superiority of the former.

scholarly journals Additions to the cicada (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) fauna of India: first report and range extension of four species with notes on their natural history from Meghalaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 16021-16042
Author(s):  
Vivek Sarkar ◽  
Cuckoo Mahapatra ◽  
Pratyush P. Mohapatra ◽  
Manoj V. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
First Report ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Jaintia Hills ◽  
First Time

 In order to broaden our understanding about cicada diversity of northeastern India, a comprehensive survey was conducted in the year 2017, in Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya and an occasional opportunistic survey was carried out in northern West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh.  During these surveys, we came across four species of cicadas, viz., Meimuna duffelsi, Dundubia annandalei, Balinta tenebricosa, and Orientopsaltria fangrayae, which were not reported from India earlier and among them the genus Orientopsaltria is being reported for the first time from the country.  This work provides an account of the taxonomy, natural history, distribution, and acoustics of these four species of cicadas along with their attribute to the culture and customs of the indigenous tribes of the landscape.

scholarly journals A check list and population trends of invasive amphibians and reptiles in Taiwan

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 85-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Huan Lee ◽  
Tien-Hsi Chen ◽  
Gaus Shang ◽  
Simon Clulow ◽  
Yi-Ju Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Invasion Risk ◽  
Colonization History ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Invasive species have impacted biodiversity all around the world. Among various ecosystems, islands are most vulnerable to these impacts due to their high ratio of endemism, highly specialized adaptation, and isolated and unique fauna. As with other subtropical islands, Taiwan faces constant risk of biological invasions and is currently ranked as one of the countries most affected by invasive amphibians and reptiles. In this paper, a comprehensive checklist of all known exotic amphibians and reptiles is provided, including twelve species which have successfully colonized Taiwan and six species with a controversial status. We provide an update on the knowledge of all these species including their distribution, colonization history, threats to native animals, and population trends based on literature records, fauna surveys, and data collected during invasive species eradication and control programs. A list of species with high invasive potentials is also provided. This study reports, for the first time, a comprehensive survey of invasive herpetofauna in Taiwan, which should provide a valuable reference to other regions which might suffer from similar invasion risk.

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