A check list and population trends of invasive amphibians and reptiles in Taiwan

Invasive species have impacted biodiversity all around the world. Among various ecosystems, islands are most vulnerable to these impacts due to their high ratio of endemism, highly specialized adaptation, and isolated and unique fauna. As with other subtropical islands, Taiwan faces constant risk of biological invasions and is currently ranked as one of the countries most affected by invasive amphibians and reptiles. In this paper, a comprehensive checklist of all known exotic amphibians and reptiles is provided, including twelve species which have successfully colonized Taiwan and six species with a controversial status. We provide an update on the knowledge of all these species including their distribution, colonization history, threats to native animals, and population trends based on literature records, fauna surveys, and data collected during invasive species eradication and control programs. A list of species with high invasive potentials is also provided. This study reports, for the first time, a comprehensive survey of invasive herpetofauna in Taiwan, which should provide a valuable reference to other regions which might suffer from similar invasion risk.

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Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fr422-2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Demian F. Gomez ◽

Jiri Hulcr ◽

Daniel Carrillo

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Invasive Species ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Forest Resources ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Invasive Insects ◽

The World ◽

And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

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Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773): new record in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/6.3.465 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 465 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maíra Queiroz Rezende ◽

Juliana Loureiro de Almeida Campos ◽

Letícia Moreira Braga Coelho ◽

Dalva Luiz de Queiroz Santana

Keyword(s):

Harmonia Axyridis ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Control Methods ◽

Control Programs ◽

The World ◽

Fast Spreading ◽

Spreading Potential ◽

And Control ◽

Harmonia Axyridis Pallas

Harmonia axyridis is a voracious aphid predator, which has been used in biological control programs in several countries. Due to its fast spreading, H. axyridis is becoming widely distributed across the world. Recently, it was detected in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. This region shows climatic similarity to its native region and it may facilitate the establishment of H. axyridis. The species was found in some home gardens feeding on aphids and psyllids. The presence of the lady beetle in the state of Minas Gerais confirms its high spreading potential in Brazil, reinforcing the necessity for further studies on the possible impacts and control methods of its populations.

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First record of the Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) in inland waters of Ordu province and some data on the Ulugöl plateau pond population of the species

AQUATIC RESEARCH ◽

10.3153/ar21021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 279-285

Author(s):

Derya Bostancı ◽

Serdar Yedier ◽

Selma Helli ◽

Nazmi Polat

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Black Sea ◽

Carassius Auratus ◽

First Record ◽

Inland Waters ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

Aquarium Fish ◽

The World ◽

First Time ◽

Fish Trade

Aquarium fish trade is one of the global industrial areas that is gradually increasing in popularity throughout the world. The sectors all over the world as well as in Turkey is one of the major causes of the spread of invasive species. The non-native aquarium fish species is known for the existence of Turkish inland waters these days. In this study, Carassius auratus were recorded for the first time in the inland waters of Ordu province of the middle Black Sea Region. C. auratus was stocked in the Ulugöl Plateau Pond in Ordu-Mesudiye for fisheries purposes and adapted to this habitat.

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THE NEARCTIC BUG ZELUS RENARDII (KOLENATI) (HEMIPTERA REDUVIIDAE) IN NORTHERN ITALY AND SICILY

Redia ◽

10.19263/redia-103.20.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 87-88

Author(s):

SALVATORE BELLA

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Human Activities ◽

Mediterranean Basin ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Indigenous Species ◽

The World ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

First Time ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

The presence of Zelus renardii (Kolenati, 1856) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae), is documented for the first time in northern Italy (Liguria region) and in Sicily. This invasive species of nearctic origin was recorded for the first time in Europe in 2010 and in Italy in 2013. It is in rapid expansion in different areas of the world, especially in the Mediterranean basin and since it is extremely polyphagous its presence could represent a new threat for indigenous species and human activities.

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The Promise of Genetics and Genomics for Improving Invasive Mammal Management on Islands

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.704809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Brock T. Burgess ◽

Robyn L. Irvine ◽

Gregg R. Howald ◽

Michael A. Russello

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Invasion Pathways ◽

Migration Patterns ◽

Control Programs ◽

Species Invasions ◽

Current State ◽

Genetics And Genomics ◽

And Control

Invasive species are major contributors to global biodiversity decline. Invasive mammalian species (IMS), in particular, have profound negative effects in island systems that contain disproportionally high levels of species richness and endemism. The eradication and control of IMS have become important conservation tools for managing species invasions on islands, yet these management operations are often subject to failure due to knowledge gaps surrounding species- and system-specific characteristics, including invasion pathways and contemporary migration patterns. Here, we synthesize the literature on ways in which genetic and genomic tools have effectively informed IMS management on islands, specifically associated with the development and modification of biosecurity protocols, and the design and implementation of eradication and control programs. In spite of their demonstrated utility, we then explore the challenges that are preventing genetics and genomics from being implemented more frequently in IMS management operations from both academic and non-academic perspectives, and suggest possible solutions for breaking down these barriers. Finally, we discuss the potential application of genome editing to the future management of invasive species on islands, including the current state of the field and why islands may be effective targets for this emerging technology.

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The Role Of The Pro47ser Polymorphism Of The Tr53 Gene In Predisposition To Breast Cancer

The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.37547/tajmspr/volume02issue12-11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 02 (12) ◽

pp. 64-73

Author(s):

Nodirjon Shakhriqulovich Avezov ◽

◽

Dilbar Abdullaevna Kodirova ◽

Khakimov Golib Abdullevich ◽

Aminjon Karimovich Karimov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Homozygous Genotype ◽

The World ◽

And Control ◽

First Time

Numerous scientific studies have been carried out on the predisposition of the Pro47Ser polymorphism of the TR53 gene to breast cancer in women living in most countries of the world. However, no studies have been conducted on the susceptibility of this Pro47Ser gene polymorphism to breast cancer in Uzbek women. In this article, genotyping of the Pro47Ser polymorphism of the TR53 gene was performed for the first time in 207 Uzbek women. According to the results of our study, the functionally dangerous T allele of the Pro47Ser polymorphism of the TR53 gene was statistically significantly higher than that in healthy donors in patients with breast cancer; (ch2 = 8.2; p = 0.004; OR = 11.2; 95% CI: 1.422-88.38; RR = 10.7; 95% CI: 1.382-82.82). The safe C allele, on the other hand, was more common in the control group than in the main group. The natural S / C genotype was found in the control group with a higher frequency than in the control group. However, the limit of the statistical difference reached a significant level: (ch2 = 8.4; p = 0.004; OR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01066-0.676; ch2 = 8.2; p = 0.004; RR = 0.1 ; 95% CI: 0.8489- 0.9723). The S / T genotype of this polymorphism significantly differs in the frequency of occurrence in the main and control groups. Relative risk according to statistical analysis: RR = 10.7; (95% CI: 1.395–82.07) and odds ratio: OR = 11.8; (95% CI: 1.479-93.77). It is known that the minor T allele and the S / T genotype of this polymorphism increase the risk of developing breast cancer by 10.7 times. It should be noted that the unique homozygous genotype of Pro47Ser polymorphism was not identified in patients and control groups studied by T / T. Thus, the T allele and the C / T genotype of the Pro47Ser polymorphism of the TR53 gene are important factors that increase the risk of breast cancer (r <0.05). The C allele and S / S genotype of this polymorphism are reliable protective markers against the development of this pathology. Therefore, we believe that the Pro47Ser polymorphism of the TR53 gene can be used as important genetic markers in determining the likelihood of developing breast cancer.

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Novel isolate of Cysticercus tenuicollis-Kalar isolate has been revealed in Kalar, Iraq

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.12758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 1532-1538

Author(s):

Taib Ahmed Hama-Soor ◽

Aram Ahmad Mohammed ◽

Sardar Weli

Keyword(s):

Cox1 Gene ◽

Single Mutation ◽

Cysticercus Tenuicollis ◽

Control Programs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

First Time ◽

Female Sheep ◽

Molecular Description

Introduction: Although Cysticercus tenuicollis is one of the most economic and veterinary important parasite in Iraq, scanty molecular characterization exists for this helminth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular description of C. tenuicollis isolates from sheep in Kalar district of Iraq. Methodology: A total of 2,906 slaughtered sheep were examined post-mortem. Up to 20 samples of C. tenuicollis was extracted and amplified using mitochondrial COX1 gene. Results: The overall prevalence rate was 6.88%, and female sheep recorded higher rate of infection (24.35%) than male (6.16%) with significant difference (p<0.05). The molecular results showed 14 haplotypes for COX1 gene and the pairwise nucleotide variation among them was ranged from 0.2 to 2.6%. Twelve out of fourteen haplotypes of C. tenuicollis involving one to three base mutations were discovered in Kalar, Iraq for the first time and this could be a unique mutation internationally and did not registered previously. Eleven newly recorded haplotypes involved only one single mutation and the remaining one involved three mutations. Phylogenetic interpretation showed that Cysticercus tenuicollis-Kalar isolate were clustered in one clade, and closely related to isolates discovered in Nigeria, China, Turkey, Poland, and Iran. Conclusions: This study provided a new record data on prevalence and discovered novel strains of C. tenuicollis in the study area for the first time named Cysticercus tenuicollis-Kalar isolate. Novel haplotypes might consider endemic genetic characterization of this metacestode. The present data may be useful to provide a good molecular background for future preventive and control programs.

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SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV AND HBsAg AMONGST BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHHATTISGARH.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i8.495 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Anusha P ◽

Bankar Nandkishor J ◽

Karan Jain ◽

Ramdas Brahmane ◽

Dhrubha Hari Chandi

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Blood Bank ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

The World ◽

First Time

INTRODUCTION: India being the second highly populated nation in the world. HIV/AIDS has acquired pandemic proportion in the world. Estimate by WHO for current infection rate in Asia. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. HIV prevalence in the age group 15-49 yrs was an estimate of 0.2%. India has been classified as an intermediate in the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic (HBsAg carriage 2-7%) zone with the second largest global pool of chronic HBV infections. Safety assessment of the blood supply, the quality of screening measures and the risk of transfusion transmitted infectious diseases (TTIs) in any country can be estimated by scrutinizing the files of blood donors. After the introduction of the blood banks and improved storage facilities, it became more extensively used. Blood is one of the major sources of TTIs like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and many other blood borne diseases. Disclosure of these threats brought a dramatic change in attitude of physicians and patients about blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amidst voluntary blood donors at a rural tertiary healthcare teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, Kachandur, Durg. Blood donors were volunteers, or and commercial donors who donated the blood and paid by patients, their families, or friends to replace blood used or expected to be used for patients from the blood bank of the hospital. After proper donation of blood routine screening of blood was carried out according to standard protocol. Laboratory diagnosis of HIV 1 and HIV 2 was carried out by ELISA test. Hepatitis B surface antigen was screened by using ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 1915 consecutive blood donors’ sera were screened at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, blood bank during study period. Of these 1914 were male and 1 female. The mean age of patients was found to be 29.34 years with standard deviation (SD) of 11.65 Years. Among all blood donors in present study, 759(39.63%) were first time donors and 1156(60.37%) were repeated donors. 1 patient was HIV positive in first donation group while 3 (75%) were positive in repeat donation group. 7 (38.9%) were HBsAg positive in in first donation group while 11(61.1%) were positive in repeat donation group. Two patients in first donation group had dual infection of HIV and HBsAg. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity was high in repeated donors as compared to first time donors. The incidence of HIV is observed to be 0.2% and that of HBsAg is 0.94%. Strict selection of blood donors should be done to avoid transfusion-transmissible infections during the window period.

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Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology ◽

10.32628/cseit183865 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 219-222

Author(s):

Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽

Chitra K. ◽

J. Magelin Mary

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Infection Transmission ◽

Standard Guideline ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

Dengue Prevention ◽

And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

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First report of Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) in India as parasitoid of coffee stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

ENTOMON ◽

10.33307/entomon.v44i4.486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 311-314

Author(s):

A. Roobakkumar ◽

H.G. Seetharama ◽

P. Krishna Reddy ◽

M.S. Uma ◽

A. P. Ranjith

Keyword(s):

Integrated Control ◽

Host Record ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Arabica Coffee ◽

First Report ◽

The World ◽

First Time

Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was collected from Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India for the first time from the larvae of white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat infesting arabica coffee. Its role in the biological or integrated control of X. quadripes remains to be evaluated. White stem borer could be the first host record of this parasitoid all over the world.

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