Breeding strategies for the development of the Australian beef industry: an overview

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Production Environments

Strategic directions for the period 2010 to 2020 and research and development needs are considered for the Australian Beef Industry from the breeding sector’s perspective. These are related to the way major technologies are developed for an industry, the current status and likely trends in market development and appropriation of benefits to the consumer, processor, commercial beef producer and breeding sectors. The primary strategic needs identified are: (i) understand the functional biology for the major production environments (supply chain packages), (ii) accelerate the speed of genetic improvement for production environment breeding goals based on commercial sector profitability and the dissemination of superior genetic material to this sector, and (iii) retain and develop the Beef Cooperative Research Centre concept over the period. Tactics for realising each strategy are considered. Rigorously designed industry-level studies based on a genotype × environment interaction approach, involving all major production environments and breeds, have an important role to play, as do the serial development of measuring equipment and procedures for carcass quality and yield, body maintenance, disease management and maternal performance. Information and communication, molecular genetics and artificial insemination technologies, along with formal progeny testing and an extended BREEDPLAN system, will be increasingly used by the breeding as well as commercial industry sectors to more consistently meet particular market demands. Carefully executed progeny testing is a pragmatic and necessary breeding approach for the period, serving a number of important purposes. The beef industry as a whole will need to take more responsibility for its genetic improvement element by: managing the appropriation of benefits across sectors, developing an increasingly effective system of value-based marketing and, for each sector and production environment, a more appropriate program of capacity building. The industry could now usefully consider the further development of its activity to address these longer-term strategic needs.

scholarly journals CRC breeding program design, measurements and database: methods that underpin CRC research results

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Upton ◽  
H. M. Burrow ◽  
A. Dundon ◽  
D. L. Robinson ◽  
E. B. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Design Generation

The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for the Cattle and Beef Industry (Meat Quality) developed an integrated research program to address the major production and processing factors affecting beef quality. Underpinning the integrated program were 2 large-scale progeny testing programs that were used to develop genetic, nutritional, management and beef processing technologies to overcome deficiencies in beef quality. This paper describes the experimental design, generation of experimental cattle and the collection and storage of data derived from these straightbreeding and crossbreeding progeny testing programs.

Production environment recording

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Scherf ◽  
M. Tixier-Boichard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Northern Alps

SummaryImproved understanding of the adaptation of livestock breeds to their production environments is important for many decisions in the field of AnGR management, ranging from genetic improvement to conservation. However, adaptation is complex and difficult to measure. One approach to this problem is to characterize adaptation indirectly by describing the production environments in which a breed has been kept over time, and to which it has probably become adapted. Comprehensive and comparable descriptions of the production environments in which animals are kept are also needed to make meaningful evaluations of performance data and to enable comparative analysis of the performance of different breeds. To address these requirements and in accordance with the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources, it has been proposed that a recognized set of “production environment descriptors“ should be established and used throughout the world as a common framework for describing breeds' production environments. An important aspect of the process will be the georeferencing of breed distributions, which will allow them to be linked to a range of existing georeferenced data sets (e.g. climatic data). The link between a breed and a specific production environment may offer a basis for the development of a niche market; examples in include the Bresse chicken of France and the Abondance and Tarentaise cattle breeds of the northern Alps. Such niche markets represent important opportunities for keeping traditional breeds in use.

Genetic improvement of resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast in Pinus radiata

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Suontama ◽  
Yongjun Li ◽  
Charlie B. Low ◽  
Heidi S. Dungey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Selection For

Progeny testing of resistance to needle loss caused by Cyclaneusma minus (cyclaneusma needle cast) has been included in the needle disease resistance strategy of Pinus radiata D. Don in New Zealand since the late 1970s. Data on progeny trials, two in the North Island of New Zealand and one in Tasmania, Australia, were available to estimate heritability between trait genetic correlations and genotype × environment interaction. Resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast had moderate estimates of heritability (0.25 to 0.46) at all sites. Genetic correlations between the assessed traits indicated that selection for faster early growth, i.e., tree height at age 4 years and diameter at breast height at age 6 years, favours trees that are prone to Cyclaneusma infection, while a favourable genetic association between resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast and productivity was evident at a later assessment at age 9 years. No significant genotype × environment interaction was found for resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast; however, stability of genotypes across a wider range of environments and with a high genetic connectedness requires more research. Considerable genetic improvement can be achieved for resistance to cyclaneusma needle cast and indirect selection for the trait should be pursued by selecting for productivity and culling susceptible genotypes from breeding.

scholarly journals Communication, education and training strategies to deliver CRC outcomes to beef industry stakeholders

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Bindon ◽  
H. M. Burrow ◽  
B. P. Kinghorn
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Research Program ◽  
End Users ◽  
Program Completion ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Communication Education ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
And Training

At the commencement of the Cooperative Research Centre for the Cattle and Beef Industry (Meat Quality) participating scientists were encouraged to anticipate the methods and channels that might be used to deliver the Cooperative Research Centre’s research outcomes to beef industry end-users. This important step was seen as the completion of the process, which began with the beef industry issue, leading then to formulation of the Cooperative Research Centre concept, initiation of the research program, completion of research and finally commercialisation or delivery of products and processes to industry. This paper deals with techniques, institutions and commercial arrangements employed to achieve delivery and adoption of diverse outcomes of the Cooperative Research Centre.

BIM Adoption

2010 ◽  
pp. 501-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Gu ◽  
Vishal Singh ◽  
Claudelle Taylor ◽  
Kerry London ◽  
Ljiljana Brankovic
Keyword(s):  
Facility Management ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Near Future

This chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Facility Management (AEC/FM) industry and a re-assessment of its role and potential contribution in the near future, given the apparent slow rate of adoption by the industry. The chapter analyses the readiness of the industry with respect to the (1) tools, (2) processes and (3) people to position BIM adoption in terms of current status and expectations across disciplines. The findings are drawn from an ongoing research project funded by the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation (CRC-CI) that aims at developing a technological, operational and strategic analysis of adopting BIM in the AEC/FM industry as a collaboration platform.

Investigation of genotype × production environment interaction for weaning weight in the Santa Gertrudis breed in Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bradfield ◽  
H-U. Graser ◽  
D. J. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Additive Genetic Correlation ◽  
Contemporary Group ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Likelihood Analysis

Weaning weight records of 12 563 Santa Gertrudis calves were used to estimate (co)variance components using a bivariate restricted maximum likelihood analysis. The analysis considered measurements on animals born in favourable production environments as Trait 1 and animals born in unfavourable production environments as Trait 2. Estimates of variance components for weaning weight across production environments were similar in magnitude. An additive genetic correlation of 0·64 between production environments was significantly different from unity, suggesting that there was a genotype production environment interaction. However, when a sire contemporary group interaction effect was included in the model, the genetic correlation between Trait 1 and Trait 2 was not significantly different from unity. These results suggest that the ranking of Santa Gertrudis sires across production environments was caused by changes in ranking from one contemporary group to the next rather than changes in ranking across production environments.

scholarly journals Genesis of the Cooperative Research Centre for the Cattle and Beef Industry: integration of resources for beef quality research (1993-2000)

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Bindon
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Meat Science

The Cooperative Research Centre for the Cattle and Beef Industry (Meat Quality) was formulated in 1992 by CSIRO, the University of New England (UNE), NSW Agriculture and Queensland Department of Primary Industries (QDPI) to address the emerging beef quality issue facing the Australian beef industry at that time: the demand from domestic and export consumers for beef of consistent eating quality. An integrated program of research involving meat science, molecular and quantitative genetics and growth and nutrition was developed. To meet the expectations of the Commonwealth of Australia, additional projects dealing with animal health and welfare and environmental waste generated by feedlot cattle were included. The program targeted both grain- and grass-finished cattle from temperate and tropical Australian environments. Integration of research on this scale could not have been achieved by any of the participating institutions working alone. This paper describes the financial and physical resources needed to implement the program and the management expertise necessary for its completion. The experience of developing and running the Cooperative Research Centre confirms the complexity and cost of taking large numbers of pedigreed cattle through to carcass and meat quality evaluation. Because of the need to capture the commercial value of the carcass, it was necessary to work within the commercial abattoir system. During the life of the Cooperative Research Centre, abattoir closure and/or their willingness to tolerate the Research Centre’s experimental requirements saw the Cooperative Research Centre operations move to 6 different abattoirs in 2 states, each time losing some precision and considerable revenue. This type of constraint explains why bovine meat science investigations on this scale have not previously been attempted. The Cooperative Research Centre project demonstrates the importance of generous industry participation, particularly in cattle breeding initiatives. Such involvement, together with the leadership provided by an industry-driven Board guarantees early uptake of results by beef industry end-users. The Cooperative Research Centre results now provide the blueprint for genetic improvement of beef quality traits in Australian cattle herds. Heritabilities of beef tenderness, eating quality, marbling, fatness and retail beef yields are now recorded. Genetic correlations between these traits and growth traits are also available. Outstanding sires for beef quality have been identified. Linked genetic markers for some traits have been described and commercialised. Non-genetic effects on beef quality have been quantified. Australian vaccines against bovine respiratory disease have been developed and commercialised, leading to a reduction in antibiotic use and better cattle performance. Sustainable re-use of feedlot waste has been devised.

scholarly journals Brahman and Brahman crossbred cattle grown on pasture and in feedlots in subtropical and temperate Australia. 2. Meat quality and palatability

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Schutt ◽  
H. M. Burrow ◽  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
B. M. Bindon
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Japanese Market ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Meat Quality Traits

Market demand for a reliable supply of beef of consistently high eating quality led the Cooperative Research Centre for Cattle and Beef Industry (Meat Quality) to initiate a crossbreeding progeny test program to quantify objective and sensory meat quality differences between straightbred and first-cross Brahman cattle. Brahman, Belmont Red, Santa Gertrudis, Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, Charolais and Limousin sires were mated to Brahman females over 3 years to produce 1346 steers and heifers in subtropical northern Australia. Calves were assigned within sire by age and weight to one of three market endpoints (domestic, Korean or Japanese), one of two finishing environments (subtropical or temperate) and one of two finishing diets (pasture or feedlot). Average carcass weights were 227, 288 and 327 kg for domestic, Korean and Japanese markets respectively. Only steers were finished for the Japanese market. The effects of sire breed, finishing regime, market endpoint and sex on sensory meat quality of four attributes score (CMQ4), ossification score and Warner-Bratzler shear force (SF), instron compression (IC), ultimate pH and percent cooking loss (CL) on the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LT) and M. semitendinosus (ST) were determined. Straightbred Brahmans had the highest SFLT (5.39 ± 0.07; P < 0.001), ICLT (1.89 ± 0.02; P < 0.05) and CL in both muscles (P < 0.05). Straightbred Brahmans were the only genotype that failed to meet minimum CMQ4 grading standards (38.3; P < 0.001). Progeny with up to 75% Brahman content successfully met minimum objective and sensory meat quality consumer thresholds for tenderness (IC <2.2 kg, SF <5.0 kg; CMQ4 >46.5). There was little difference between crossbred progeny for most meat quality traits. All feedlot-finished animals were slaughtered at domestic, Korean and Japanese market weights by 24 months of age, with minimal differences in objective measures of meat quality between markets. The IC measures for all sire breeds were below 2.2 kg, indicating connective tissue toughness was not an important market consideration in feedlot-finished animals slaughtered by 24 months of age. Pasture finishing adversely affected all meat quality traits (P < 0.001) except CLST, with Korean and Japanese market animals having unacceptably tough SF, IC and CMQ4 measures. This was attributed to their older age at slaughter (31 and 36 months respectively), resulting from their seasonally interrupted growth path. While domestic animals slaughtered at 25 months of age off pasture had unacceptably high SF and IC, CMQ4 was acceptable. Subtropical feedlot animals had slightly more desirable (n.s.) SF and IC relative to temperate feedlot animals, whereas temperate feedlot animals had higher CMQ4 (P < 0.001). Genotype × environment interactions were not important.

scholarly journals Northern Beef Industry Emerging Market, Supply Chain Gap Analysis & Sector Capacity Baseline Study

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Chris Chilcott
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Social License

With an ongoing interest in developing northern Australia, we undertook a beef situation analysis to assist the Cooperative Research Centre for Developing Northern Australian in tailoring their investment decisions. The northern beef industry is dominated by rangeland enterprises that include family farms, indigenous pastoral enterprises and large corporate interests. The analysis was a whole of supply chain examination of current practices, strategies and plans. It included consultation with producers, industry groups, research organisations and government departments. The competitive advantages of the northern beef industry are its adapted production systems, low cost base and geographic positioning that allows it to take advantage of south-east Asian markets. However, the inherent low productivity, high capital costs and over reliance on a small number of markets make it vulnerable to market shocks. We found that the industry faces challenges in maintaining profitability and the ability to translate research to practice to enhance productivity its social license to operate. The review makes recommendation under four themes: There is an ongoing need for research and develop for profitability and productivity gains for the top businesses; There is a need to improve the translation of proven R and D to farm practice for the majority of the northern Australian beef industry; There is a need to support and develop business cases for economic enabling infrastructure to allow the northern Australian beef industry to remain competitive and intensify production, and; There remains some regulatory reform and derisking required to support investment in the industry and allow diversification.

Genetics research in the Cooperative Research Centre for Cattle and Beef Quality

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Burrow ◽  
B. M. Bindon
Keyword(s):  
Research Centre ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
The Individual

In its first 7-year term, the Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for the Cattle and Beef Industry (Meat Quality) identified the genetic and non-genetic factors that impacted on beef eating quality. Following this, the CRC for Cattle and Beef Quality was established in 1999 to identify the consequences of improving beef eating quality and feed efficiency by genetic and non-genetic means on traits other than carcass and beef quality. The new CRC also had the responsibility to incorporate results from the first Beef CRC in national schemes such as BREEDPLAN (Australia’s beef genetic evaluation scheme) and Meat Standards Australia (Australia’s unique meat grading scheme that guarantees the eating quality of beef). This paper describes the integrated research programs and their results involving molecular and quantitative genetics, meat science, growth and nutrition and industry economics in the Beef CRC’s second phase (1999–2006) and the rationale for the individual genetics programs established. It summarises the planned scientific and beef industry outcomes from each of these programs and also describes the development and/or refinement by CRC scientists of novel technologies targeting increased genetic gains through enhanced measurement and recording in beef industry herds, thereby ensuring industry use of CRC results.

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