Some input-output relations in peanut cultivation at Katherine, N.T

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
JJ Basinski ◽  
LJ Phillips ◽  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Additional Cost ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Tillage Operations ◽  
Ploughing Depth

In an experiment at Katherine, Northern Territory, in 1961-62 and 1962-63 the response of peanuts to variation in ploughing depth, frequency of inter-row cultivation, and seeding rate was measured. This agronomic study was combined with measurements of rates of work and fuel consumption under comparable conditions for the tillage operations involved. From these data were calculated the break-even prices for peanuts above which the yield response offset the additional cost of the more intensive treatment, i.e., deeper ploughing, more frequent inter-row cultivation, or higher seeding rate. Increasing the depth of ploughing from two to eight inches, the number of inter-row cultivations from one to three and the seeding rate from 30 to 45 lb an acre were all profitable at prices that would justify peanut production in the Katherine area.

scholarly journals Effect of Ploughing Depth, Tractor Forward Speed, and Plough Types on the Fuel Consumption and Tractor Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Kareem Ibrahim kareem ◽  
P. Sven
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Ploughing Depth

Cost of fuel has a significant impact on the input costs of agricultural production, especially during primary tillage. It is affected by several parameters including tractor forward speed, depths of ploughing, and plough types. The experiment was performed in a Soil Hall at Harper Adams University, United Kingdom, in April 2015. A Massey Ferguson 8480 4WD tractor was used for investigating objectives of this study. The experiment was performed in a sandy loam soil texture at 11.73% soil moisture content and 1.35 (g/cm3) dry bulk density to study the amount of fuel consumption (l/ha) and the performance of tractor with effect of moldboard and disc ploughs as ploughs type, 15 and 20 cm as ploughing depth and 5 and 7 km/h as tractor forward speeds. The results showed that fuel consumption with a disc plough 5% was higher compared to the moldboard. Fuel consumption decreased approximately 8% when tractor at 7 km/h. Fuel consumption significantly decreased about 34% when ploughing depth increased from 15 to 20 cm. The power requirement to operate moldboard plough was higher by about 14% than a disc. The power requirement at speeds of 7 km/h was higher compared to the speeds of 5 km/h by about 27%. When the depth of ploughing increased from 15 to 20 cm, the power requirement increased by about 1.5%.

Weed Management in Minimum-Tillage Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) as Influenced by Cultivar, Row Spacing, and Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Mike Patterson ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Peanut Production

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 on a Dothan sandy loam (Plinthic Paleudult) at Headland, AL, to investigate minimum-tillage production of peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.). The experiments included two peanut varieties: a) ‘Pronto’ (an earlier maturing Spanish type), and b) ‘Florunner’ (a later maturing runner type). Two row-spacing patterns were used: a) conventional 91-cm rows, and b) a modified twin 18-cm row pattern. A constant seeding rate (140 kg/ha) was used regardless of row spacing. Six herbicide systems were evaluated within each combination of variety and row spacing. The Florunner variety outyielded the Pronto variety across both years and weed management systems. Modified twin 18-cm rows outyielded conventional 91-cm rows across years and peanut varieties. Two of the six weed management systems were successful: 1) paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium ion) + oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) (preemergence), paraquat (ground cracking), naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) (postemergence); and 2) paraquat + pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] (preemergence), acetochlor [2-chloro-N(ethoxymethyl)-6’-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide] + dinoseb (ground cracking), and cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile} (early postdirected spray). Both systems provided the best overall control of Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. ♯ PANTE), Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum(Sw.) DC. ♯ DEDTO], and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. ♯ CASOB) and were acceptable for use in minimum-tillage peanut production.

Estimating the economic optimal target density of hybrid canola based on data from a western Canadian meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray D. Hartman ◽  
Scott R. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Optimal Target ◽  
The Relationship

Canola production in western Canada has expanded such that in many regions canola area rivals the area seeded to wheat. This change can be mainly attributed to adoption of herbicide resistant hybrid varieties, and resulting higher relative profitability. Producers responded to higher seed prices by reducing seeding rates, leading to plant densities that were often lower than industry recommendations. The study objectives were to examine canola yield response to plant density and assess economically optimal density levels relative to industry recommendations and grower practices. A meta-analysis approach was applied to yield response and plant density data with herbicide resistant hybrid canola from multiple studies. Three alternative marginal yield-density functions were estimated and used to calculate economically optimal plant density. Sensitivity of results to key parameters was assessed. Resulting optimal density levels under recent average prices, seed size and emergence were 62-73 plants m-2, consistent with industry recommendations for western Canada. Recent field surveys report lower densities than this range, suggesting that producers are seeding at less than optimal rates. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with canola production, and interaction of seeding rate with other factors. These would impact on optimal plant density, although much of the uncertainty remains until well after seeding. The empirical results represent a foundation for development of more detailed models, highlight the significance of the relationship between plant density and economically optimal yield, and suggest the need to develop decision making tools to support producers in making canola planting decisions.

The use of fire to establish Townsville lucerne in the Northern Territory

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Stocker ◽  
JD Sturtz
Keyword(s):  
Northern Territory ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Rainfall Region

During the wet season of 1964-65 two trials were established near Darwin to determine if Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.) could be established in undisturbed annual sorghum (Sorghum intrans F. Muell. ex Benth.) pastures after wet season burning had controlled grass growth. In the first trial, plots were burnt at intervals throughout the wet season. Townsville lucerne pods were broadcast immediately after burning. Grass control and Townsville lucerne establishment were satisfactory in plots burnt after December 6. The second trial examined the effect on Townsville lucerne establishment and S. intrans control of burning, seeding rate, superphosphate, and weedicide treatments. Burning had the most important effect ; seeding rate had little significant effect and superphosphate none. The weedicide treatment was ineffective. The trials indicate that provided wet season burning is used to control S. intrans, Townsville lucerne can be established cheaply over wide areas of the higher rainfall region of the Northern Territory.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Magnesium Soil Test Interpretation for Peanuts1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Schmidt ◽  
F. R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Peanut Production

Abstract Decreasing concentrations of extractable Mg in soils of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production regions of North Carolina have resulted in increased Mg fertilizer recommendations. There is little soil or plant criteria, however, on which to base Mg deficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the yield and Mg status of peanuts relative to the level of soil Mg. Five counties were surveyed for leaf and soil data in 1989–90. Similar data were available from nine counties in 1970–72. A field experiment was also conducted in 1989–90 in an on-going lime and Mg study. Although the 1990 survey data suggested that phosphogypsum usage during the last decade may be reducing Mg levels in the surface soil, leaf Mg was almost invariably above 2.0 g kg-1 for both surveys, reflecting adequate amounts of soil Mg according to current plant analysis standards. In the field study, prior lime and Mg treatments resulted in soil Mg ranging from 0.02 to 0.25 cmolc L-1, but there was no yield response that could be related directly to Mg. Leaf Mg was positively correlated to surface soil Mg, and inclusion of subsoil Mg slightly improved this relationship. The data from these studies indicated that sufficient leaf Mg (above 2.0 g kg-1) was attained when surface soil Mg was as low as 0.06 cmolc L-1 or as low as 3 percent of the CEC. We feel these estimates of the soil Mg critical level for peanut production are high, as there was not a Mg deficiency with leaf Mg as low as 1.5 g kg-1 in the field study.

Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of dryland grain sorghum at Katherine, Northern Territory. 2. Effect of rate and source of phosphorus fertilizer

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (93) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJK Myers
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Field experiments were conducted at Katherine, Northern Territory, in 1970-71 and 1971 -72 to examine responses of dryland grain sorghum to applied phosphorus at different growth stages. In the first, the effect of rate of application up to 100 kg P ha-1 as triple superphosphate was investigated. Growth responses to phosphorus were noted from mid-elongation onwards, but the magnitude of response varied between seasons, being greater in the higher rainfall season 1970-71. Maximum yields of grain were 7730 kg ha-1 with 50 kg P ha-1 in 1970-71, and 4440 kg ha-1 with 100 kg P ha-1 in 1971-72, which were increases of 49 and 37 per cent respectively over the appropriate zero phosphorus treatment. These suggested an increased requirement for phosphorus over previous recommendations. Phosphorus reduced the time from emergence to anthesis from 68 to 60 and from 70 to 63 days respectively in the two seasons. About half of the plant phosphorus was taken up after anthesis. It was concluded from soil analysis that phosphate-treated plots had an enhanced supply of phosphorus throughout the period of crop growth. In the second study, four phosphorus sources (superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, and diammonium phosphate) were compared. With 25 kg P ha-1 and with constant nitrogen, grain yield response followed the order superphosphate > monoammonium phosphate > diammonium phosphate > triple superphosphate in both years. Triple superphosphate tended to give lower dry matter yields and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations than the other three sources.

YIELD RESPONSE OF RAPESEED TO ROW SPACING AND RATES OF SEEDING AND N-FERTILIZATION IN INTERIOR ALASKA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. LEWIS ◽  
C. W. KNIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
High Precipitation

The effects of row spacings, seeding rates, and N-fertilization rates on yield of Candle, a cultivar of Brassica campestris L., were studied for 2 yr in interior Alaska. Rows were spaced at 18 and 36 cm. Seeding rates were 3, 7 and 13 kg ha−1. Fertilizer N was broadcast at 0, 55, 90, 125, 160 and 195 kg ha−1. Seed yield was not significantly affected by row spacing in either year of the study. Seeding rate did not significantly affect yield in 1978. In 1979, however, an interaction was detected between seeding rate and N-fertilization rate. During this year of abnormally high precipitation, when no N was applied, stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1 produced higher yields than those seeded at higher rates. With an initial N application of 55 kg ha−1, yields decreased from stands seeded at 3 kg ha−1, while yields from those seeded at 7 and 13 kg ha−1 increased. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on yield in both 1978 and 1979. Regression equations from both years (with the exception of that for the 3 kg ha−1 seeding rate in 1979) predicted maximum yields from N applications between 89 and 105 kg ha−1.Key words: Rapeseed, row spacing, seeding rate, nitrogen fertilization, yield

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Perubahan Beban Terhadap Biaya Bahan Bakar Pembangkitan Pada PLTU Barru

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
La Ode Musa ◽  
Musrady Mulyadi ◽  
Muh. Fachriyadi Hastira ◽  
Hasniaty Hasniaty
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Economic Dispatch ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Average Load ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fuel Costs

The effect of changes in load on the cost of fuel generation at PLTU Barru is analyzed using the economic dispatch method to determine the characteristics of input-output and incremental fuel costs. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the effect of changes in load on the cost of fuel generation at PLTU Barru tends to be directly proportional, where the higher the load generated, the higher the costs incurred. As in June, to produce 33.85 MW of power the total cost is Rp. 457,687,187.47/hour required. Likewise, if the power at an average load of 33.85 MW increases by 1 MWh it will result in an increase in costs of Rp. 13,306,061.24/MWh, but in certain circumstances such as in November with a power of 29.83 MW it will produce the total cost is quite low at Rp. 337,356,512,63/hour. This situation is caused by fuel consumption in November only amounted to 3029.61 T/h.

Cultural Practices to Improve In-Row Weed Control with Cultivation in Organic Peanut Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Mark A. Boudreau ◽  
Jerry W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Weed Emergence

Cultivation is a proven means of weed control in organic peanut. However, weeds present in-row often escape control. Research trials were conducted in Ty Ty, GA to modify cultural practices to help suppress weed emergence in-row. Modified cultural practices were three row pattern/seeding rate combinations; twin rows (four rows on a seedbed) seeded at the recommended (1X) seeding rate that produced 13 seed m−1in each row, twin rows seeded at the 2X seeding rate that produced 23 seed m−1in each row, and wide rows (two rows on seedbed) seeded at the recommended seeding rate that produced 23 seed m−1. Four cultivation regimes were evaluated; cultivation with a tine weeder at weekly intervals for 6 wk, cultivation with a tine weeder at weekly intervals for 8 wk, scouring with a brush hoe at vegetative emergence followed by the tine weeder for 6 wk, and a noncultivated control. There were no interactions between row pattern/seeding rates and cultivation regimes for any parameter measured. There was inconsistent response of weed control and peanut yield to row pattern/seeding rates. Weed control and peanut yields were similar with tine weeding for 6 wk, 8 wk, or with the brush hoe followed by the tine weeder. Weed management in organic peanut was not improved by altering peanut cultural practices that facilitate quicker canopy closure, and the use of narrow row patterns should not be based on attempts to improve weed control in organic peanut. Narrow row patterns provide other benefits to organic peanut production and those attributes should influence decisions on the choice of row pattern, not weed control.

scholarly journals Pod Yield Response of Two Runner Peanut Cultivars to Seeding Rate and Irrigation1

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tewolde ◽  
M. C. Black ◽  
C. J. Fernandez ◽  
A. M. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Yield responses of two runner peanut cultivars, GK-7 and Southern Runner (SR), to reduced seeding rates and irrigation were evaluated in 1992 and 1993. The cultivars were planted in single rows per bed at 8,12, and 22 seed/m2 with a vacuum precision planter and irrigated with a line source irrigation system that delivered irrigation ranging from none to more than an apparent optimum. Total rainfall between planting and digging was 261 mm in 1992 and 338 mm in 1993. Most of the rainfall occurred early with substantial runoff. GK-7 produced as much as 5400 kg/ha pods and SR produced as much as 4600 kg/ha when irrigation was not limiting in 1992. Yields were lower in 1993. There was no significant yield reduction due to reduced seeding rate for either cultivar at any irrigation level. Generally, a reduced seeding rate resulted in slightly higher pod yields. For GK-7, 8 seed/ m2 outyielded 22 seed/m2 by a maximum of 1129 kg/ha with 673-mm irrigation in 1992 and by 676 kg/ha with 587-mm irrigation in 1993. Pod yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased with irrigation up to a total of 535 mm in 1992 and 406 mm in 1993. Pod yield increased only slightly and WUE decreased with additional irrigation. No yield or grade advantage of low seeding rate with below-optimum irrigation was evident for either cultivar. When conditions were favorable for plant growth and sufficient time was available for lateformed pods to reach full maturity, plants of these runner cultivars compensated for low plant populations. Planting these and similar varieties at the traditionally high rates may, therefore, not be necessary for optimum pod yield when the growing conditions are similar to those of this study.

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