Control of grasshoppers (Phaulacridium vittatum) by ultra-low volume aerial application of technical maldison

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Casimir
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Aerial Spraying

Field trials investigating ultra-low volume applications of undiluted technical maldison by aircraft against dense populations of Phaulacridium vittatum Sj�stedt (wingless grasshopper) are described. In February 1965 an application rate of 8.2 fl oz an acre gave 90-95 per cent reduction of grasshopper populations on a property on the northern tablelands of New South Wales. A further trial in November 1965, using rates of 4.6 and 5.6 fl oz per acre, gave similar results for each rate-70 per cent reduction of the population one day after spraying, rising to 80-85 per cent within eleven days. Some aspects of a large aerial spraying campaign conducted from October to December 1965 are also described. More than 150,000 acres were treated with maldison at the rate of 6.3 fl oz an acre. Detailed observations of the campaign spraying were made on a single property as well as general surveys of the whole treated area. A minimum application rate of 8.0 fl oz maldison an acre is suggested for normal field usage against P. vitiatum.

Evaluation of insecticide residues and droplet drift following aerial application to cotton in New South Wales.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGL Wilson ◽  
LA Harper ◽  
H Baker
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aerial Spraying

In a study to determine the extent of off target drift from aerial spraying, insecticides were applied to cotton crops in various strengths of crosswind by an aircraft fitted with rotary atomizers. Both water-based and oil-based sprays were applied, at 20 and 2 litres/ha respectively. Compared with the mean insecticide deposit across a 16-m target swath, in seven runs, the mean recoveries of insecticide 15, 165 and 3 15 m downwind from the edge of the swath were 6.8, 0.13 and 0.002% respectively. Deposition on plants was nearly twice that on the ground, but the proportional decline downwind was similar. Counts of droplets deposited on paper targets fixed to masts showed that the dispersing cloud of water-based spray contracted more rapidly than did that of the oil-based spray, probably because of greater evaporation of the former. The results indicate that a 300-m wide buffer zone between target crops and areas susceptible to contamination should be adequate under most conditions.

Insecticides for the control of dieldrin-resistant banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Wright
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Field trials were carried out in the Brunswick River district of New South Wales from 1971 to 1975 to evaluate insecticides against dieldrin-resistant banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. Effective control was obtained by spraying the bases of plants and surrounding soil to a radius of 30 cm in spring and autumn with pirimiphos-ethyl and chlorpyrifos emulsions at 2.24 kg active ingredient ha-1 (1.12g per plant) per application. Chlordecone dust, pirimiphos-ethyl granules and chlorpyrifos powder sprinkled by hand at 2.8 kg ha-1 a.i. (1.42 g per plant) per application also gave effective control and could be used where water is unavailable.

Distribution, ecology and control of Cassinia arcuata (sifton bush) in New South Wales

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
New South ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Cotyledon Stage ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
And Control

The area of New South Wales infested with Cassinia aiwuta (sifton bush) increased from 93 000 ha in 1975 to 616 000 ha in 1988, indicating a need to investigate its biology and control. Of 6 samples of seed collected over 3 years from 2 sites, 5 germinated readily, emerged from a soil depth of 15 mm or less, and grew 7-48 times slower than pasture species in 28 days. The remaining sample had an after-ripening period of more than 5 months before full germination was achieved. Lime depressed growth of C. arcuata seedlings whilst superphosphate promoted growth. Preemergence herbicides simazine and atrazine killed seedlings in the cotyledon stage, while post-emergence herbicides glyphosate, triclopyr + picloram and hexazinone killed 40-, 78- and 139-day-old seedlings. Control on arable land could be achieved by burying seeds below 15 mm, followed by cultivation or herbicide application to remove establishing seedlings and addition of lime and spelling to allow sown species to smother late-establishing seedlings. On non-arable land burning to remove mature plants, spraying to kill establishing seedlings and aerial application of seed of improved species and superphosphate will contribute to control on soils that can support sown species without the application of large quantities of lime.

Relationship between climate and relative performance of cotton in New South Wales

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Thomson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Mean

Cumulative day-degrees, total rainfall and the mean daily values for evaporation rate, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and radiation for a period of 200 days from 1 October to 18 April were used to characterize the climates of cotton-growing seasons at Narrabri (30�S.), N.S.W. Yields (expressed as percentages of standards) of some cultivars included in field trials in cotton-growing districts of New South Wales, were then regressed on these climatic indices. In a number of cases strong, significant linear associations of performance with one or more of the indices were found. Such cultivars were either more or less advantaged by warm, dry conditions than the standards, and vice versa for cool, wet conditions. The implications of these results in studies of genotype x environmental interaction are discussed.

Presowing nitrogen fertiliser management for aerial-sown rice on puddled soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
LM Kealey ◽  
E Humphreys ◽  
AS Black ◽  
WA Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Application Depth ◽  
Puddled Soil

Presowing nitrogen (N) fertiliser management for aerial-sown rice was investigated for 2 soil cultivation methods, conventional cultivation and puddling, in the Coleambally Irrigation Area of New South Wales. Two N sources, urea and anhydrous ammonia (NH3, ColdFlo), were used. Urea was applied at 3 depths (0,7, 17 cm) and NH3 at 2 depths (7, 17 cm). These 5 treatments were compared with an unfertilised control and with a novel method of applying NH3 in the same operation as puddling. Urea was applied at 60 kg N/ha; the application rate of NH3 appeared to be higher than the intended rate of 60 kg N/ha. The site was responsive to N: agronomic efficiency of the urea-fertilised treatments averaged 39 kg grain yield increase/kg applied N. Dry matter yield, N uptake, and grain yield were similar on conventionally cultivated and puddled soil. There were no significant interactions between cultivation and N treatments in their effects on crop growth or N uptake. Application depth of fertiliser also had no significant effect on crop performance. Applying NH3 in the same operation as puddling was as effective as other methods of applying N, with the advantage of allowing soil preparation and fertiliser application to be completed in 1 pass. Urea labelled with 15N was applied at depths of 0, 5, and 15 cm to microplots at a rate of 60 kg N/ha. Recoveries of 15N in plants and soil were similar for both methods of soil cultivation and for different N application depths, consistent with results from the large plots described above. There was no interaction between soil cultivation and urea application depth treatments. Recovery of applied 14N averaged 32% in the plant shoots and 24% in the top 30 cm of the soil. Recoveries of 15N from presowing urea application have not previously been reported for aerial-sown rice in New South Wales. The results suggest that puddling can be readily integrated into the rice management system without changing current fertiliser practices. However, soil N uptake was very high, accounting for around 90% of the plant N uptake in the urea-fertilised treatments. Therefore, extrapolation of the results of the treatment comparisons to other sites with lower available N should only be done with caution.

Impact of domestic sewage effluent versus natural background variability: An example from Jervis Bay, New South Wales

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
SDA Smith
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Sampling Occasion ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Log Normal

The effects of an outfall of low-volume, tertiary-treated effluent were evaluated within Jervis Bay on the southern coast of New South Wales by using the macrofauna inhabiting kelp (Ecklonia radiata) holdfasts. A range of analytical methods was used to determine differences in faunistic patterns between six sites (three close to the outfall and three controls) in the winters of 1990 and 1991. The analyses indicated that community structure was highly variable over both the spatial and the temporal scales of the study. Although some of the methods provided results consistent with a perturbed environment on the first sampling occasion (ABC plots, log-normal plots), these patterns were not repeated on the second sampling occasion. In addition, the species primarily responsible for the 'perturbed' configuration with those methods were from taxa that have been highlighted as pollution-sensitive in other studies of holdfast fauna. Non-parametric multivariate statistical methods (MDS, ANOSIM) consistently showed significant differences among sites but also revealed highly significant differences within a site over time. There was no consistent difference between sites closest to the outfall and more distant sampling locations and so no outfall effect was suggested. The results indicate that natural environmental factors are more influential than the low-volume, tertiary-treated effluent from the outfall in determining patterns of community structure in the holdfast community within Jervis Bay.

Yield performance of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) populations on the Northern Tableland of New South Wales

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
JMA Schiller ◽  
A Lazenby
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cutting Interval

Nine populations of Festuca arundinacea were grown in monoculture in two field trials on a black earth soil at Armidale, New South Wales during the period late 1967 to early 1970. There were four cutting treatments (at 2, 4, 8 and 16 week intervals) in both experiments and in trial 2 half the plots were irrigated. Seasonal and total herbage production were determined for two periods, each of forty-eight weeks duration, and tillering patterns were studied in trial 2. Differences were demonstrated in the seasonal and total production of the populations. Those selected from temperate environments were higher yielding in spring, summer and autumn and produced more total dry matter during the year than did those from the Mediterranean region ; however, in both experiments these latter yielded some 10 kg ha-1 day-1 more than the temperate fescues during the second winter. One cultivar-Goar's fescue-performed in a manner intermediate between the temperate and Mediterranean populations. Total dry matter yields were reduced when the cutting interval was decreased; in contrast, tiller numbers increased with frequency of cutting. The results suggest considerable potential value of Mediterranean fescues for winter pasture production on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales.

The use of sterile males to control populations of Queensland fruit fly Dracus tryoni (Frogg) (Diptera : Tephritidae) II. Field experiments in New South Wales

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Andrewartha ◽  
J Monro ◽  
NL Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Summer Fruit ◽  
The Town

In the field trials of sterile males against the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni, irradiated pupae of this species were distributed in three towns of western New South Wales in the period September 1962 to March 1965. All these towns and a number of others which served as controls had a previous history of heavy infestation by Dacus tryoni. The success of this method was estimated by comparing the rate of infestation of ripe fruit in treated and untreated towns. The first sign of success came in Manilla in spring (October) 1963 when 51.0% of the eggs deposited in loquats were estimated to be infertile compared with 6.7% in three control towns. However, our production of pupae at this stage was too low to maintain control in Manilla in the summers of 1962-63 and 1963-64. From late April 1963 to late March 1964 most of our production was released in the town of Warren. With a total release in this period of 5.7 x 106 pupae we achieved infestation rates of 2-8% in the summer fruit between early December 1963 and late March 1964, compared with infestation rates of 8-75% in three control towns during the same period. Towards the end of March 1964 the infestation rates began to rise in Warren apparently owing to the immigration of inseminated females along the Macquarie River. An infestation rate of 20% was reached in Warren in April 1964. Between early December 1964 and late March 1965 the rates of infestation in Warren were even more depressed, reaching values of 0 - 7.5% compared with 10-57% in the new control town of Baradine. The total number of pupae released within the town between August 1964 and March 1965 was 12.57 x l06. However, immigrants again brought the infestation up to 10% in April 1965 even though an additional 2.67 x l06 pupae had been distributed along the river for 6 km on either side of the town. In the same period (summer 1964-65) Dacus tryoni was eradicated from Trangie where its numbers had been brought down by trapping out the males with a male lure (Bateman 1966). No infestation was found from October 1964 to April 1965 after the release of 5.33 x l06 pupae between late August 1964 and late March 1965. The rate of infestation in the control town of Gilgandra which had also been treated with cue-lure in the previous summer rose from 0% on October 21, 1964 to 16.2% by April 23,1965. The method could be used to suppress incipient outbreaks of Dacus tryoni in southeastern Australia and even for the eradication of established populations where these are isolated and can be brought low by other means.

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