Response of wheat to applied superphosphate; the relationship between yield increase and 'available' phosphate in the soil

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (67) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Smith ◽  
TB Spence
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Available Phosphate

Seventy-one trials were sown to wheat during the years 1964-66, and of these 54 were successfully harvested. They were of 5 x 2 factorial design with five levels of superphosphate and two levels of nitrogen ; there were three replications. Superphosphate increased grain yield in two thirds and nitrogen in about one sixth of the trials. The yield of grain and the increase in grain yield resulting from fertilizer application were markedly affected by seasonal conditions. Soil samples were taken from each site and analysed for pH, and for 'available' phosphate by ten extractant methods. The yield increase was correlated with superphosphate applied and 'available' phosphate in the model : -Y = bo+b1S+b2vS+b3P+b4P2+b5vSP and the highest coefficient of determination was 31.4 per cent. When pH and average annual rainfall were put into the equation -Y = bo+b1pH+b2RA+b3S+b4vS+b5P+b6P2+b7vSP the highest coefficient of determination was 54.4 per cent.

scholarly journals Can the dataset of field based recharge estimates in Australia be used to predict recharge in data-poor areas?

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 5647-5684 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Crosbie ◽  
I. D. Jolly ◽  
F. W. Leaney ◽  
C. Petheram
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Surface Geology ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Effective management of water resources requires that all elements of the water balance be estimated. Groundwater recharge measurements are difficult, time consuming and expensive. In some cases a field study cannot be justified and simple empirical relationships are used to estimate recharge, and often the value chosen is simply a percentage of rainfall. This paper aims to use a data-base of 4386 field based estimates of recharge from 172 studies in Australia to produce simple empirical relationships that relate recharge to nationally available datasets and hence can be used to estimate recharge in data-poor areas in a scientifically defensible way. It was found that the vegetation and soil type were critical determinants in forming relationships between average annual rainfall and average annual recharge. Climate zones and surface geology were not found to be significant determinants in the relationship between rainfall and recharge. The method used to estimate recharge had an impact upon the magnitude of the recharge estimates due to the spatial and temporal scales over which the different methods estimate recharge. Relationships have been developed here between average annual rainfall and average annual recharge for combinations of soil and vegetation type that can be used with only nationally available datasets to provide a recharge estimate. The 95 percent confidence limits about the recharge predicted using these relationships is generally greater than an order of magnitude either side of the relationship developed. This means that if these relationships are used to help determine water allocations then the precautionary principle should limit allocations to less than about 5% of the estimated recharge, if allocations are greater than this a more detailed site specific study is warranted.

The relationship between average annual rainfall and exchangeable aluminium in soils of south-eastern New South Wales

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Relationship

Surface soil samples (0-10 cm) from a range of soil types were collected in south-eastern New South Wales. Linear regression and analysis of variance were used to establish that, at a given pH (0.01M CaCl2), the amount of neutral salt exchangeable aluminium in surface soils tends to increase with increasing average annual rainfall. Where aluminium toxicity is a factor limiting plant growth, soils in higher rainfall areas will generally require higher pH for the removal of aluminium from the cation exchange complex.

scholarly journals Intensity of vascular streak dieback in different cocoa clones and various agro-climatic conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Anita-Sari ◽  
Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽  
Niken Puspitasari ◽  
Febrilia Nuraini ◽  
Bayu Setyawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heavy Damage ◽  
Disease Severity Level

Vascular streak dieback (VSD) is one of the main diseases on cocoa. This disease can produce a heavy damage in susceptible plants. Agro-climatic condition influences the VSD disease severity level. A study on the relationship between agro-climatic condition and VSD disease severity was conducted in eight locations which were selected based on difference in agro-climatic conditions including altitude, rainfall, number of wet, and dry months. Randomized complete block design was used consisting of eight agro-climatic conditions as treatments which consisted of 200 trees samples, and scored for VSD intensity. A study was also conducted on the response of cocoa clones with different level of resistance at different altitude at Kendeng Lembu, Jatirono, Sungai Lembu, Banjarsari, and Sumber Asin Plantations. A split plot design was applied consisting of two factors. The first factor was location including Pager Gunung (highland) and Besaran (lowland). The second factor was clone resistance with two levels: PA 191 (resistant) and BL 703 (susceptible). VSD scores and stomatal characteristics (stomata number, stomata diameter, and stomata aperture) were determined. The results of experiment showed that VSD scoring differed significantly between the eight agro-climatic conditions. The highest VSD score occurred in the lowland (Gereng Rejo, Banjarsari Plantation, 38 m asl.), where the average annual rainfall was 2161 mm, with five dry months. Cocoa trees in Sumber Asin (580 m asl.), with the average annual rainfall of 2302 mm and 8.5 wet months/3.5 dry months were mostly free of VSD disease. Altitude was positively correlated with rainfall, and negatively correlated with VSD severity. Number of wet months was negatively correlated with VSD severity. Conversely, number of dry months was positively correlated with VSD. The result indicated that genotype, environment, or their interaction did not significantly affect number and aperture of stomata. Although stomatal diameter was significantly affected by environment, genotypes or their interaction with environment did not influence this character.

The numbers and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in some Northern Territory and South Australian soils

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Sims ◽  
FM Collins
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Desert Soils ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were detected in 75 soil samples from the Northern Territory and South Australia. Silica gel plates gave soil counts comparable with those obtained in liquid media. The counts varied from 20 to 8000 cells per gram of soil. Nitrosogloea merismoides was detected in 53 of the soils, Nitrosornonas europaea in 39 soils, and Nitrosococcus nitrosus in 14 soils. There was little difference between the numbers and types of nitrifying bacteria present in the desert soils compared with those from the more temperate areas, nor did the average annual rainfall have any appreciable effect.

Relationship between 137Cs in some undisturbed New Zealand soils and rainfall

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Basher ◽  
KM Matthews
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Atmospheric Fallout ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Local Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Soil samples were collected from 10 undisturbed sites in South Canterbury and Manawatu, New Zealand, to examine the relationship between 137Cs in soils and rainfall. The results were used to test a previously derived model relating cumulative deposition of 137Cs from atmospheric fallout to mean annual rainfall. There were strong correlations between mean measured levels of 137Cs in soils from the undisturbed sites and rainfall, and between the mean measured levels in soils and those predicted by the model. The moder can therefore be used to estimate input levels of137Cs for erosion studies and to verify the suitability of local measurements of the input value from sites assumed to be undisturbed. Coefficients of variation in soil-Cs at the undisturbed sites ranged up to 30%, indicating that up to 10 samples may be needed to estimate the input value with a standard error � 10%.

Analysis of Pitted Courtyard Cave Dwellings Stability in Baishe Village when Rainfall Infiltration

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2468-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Ming Han ◽  
San Qing Su
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Strength Criterion ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rock Stress ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Contents

Pitted courtyard cave dwellings were used as a long-term living form in Baishe village. After field measurements, the size of local pitted courtyards and cave dwellings had been mastered, and the variation of average annual rainfall and monthly rainfall had been analyzed. By the experiment, the changes of physical and mechanical indexes could be showed with different water contents. At the same time, based on the literature, the relationship could be established between rainfall and water content. Basis in the expression of room rock stress and the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, the stability of the cave dwellings could be analyzed under different water contents, and the definition could be found of safety factor of loess cave. Then, the stability variation of loess cave dwelling could be obtained in different rainfall, and the evaluation results are given.

scholarly journals Can the dataset of field based recharge estimates in Australia be used to predict recharge in data-poor areas?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2023-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Crosbie ◽  
I. D. Jolly ◽  
F. W. Leaney ◽  
C. Petheram
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Surface Geology ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Effective management of water resources requires that all elements of the water balance be estimated. Groundwater recharge measurements are difficult, time consuming and expensive. In some cases a field study cannot be justified and simple empirical relationships are used to estimate recharge, and often the value chosen is simply a percentage of rainfall. This paper aims to use a database of 4386 field based estimates of recharge from 172 studies in Australia to produce simple empirical relationships that relate recharge to nationally available datasets and hence can be used to estimate recharge in data-poor areas in a scientifically defensible way. It was found that the vegetation and soil type were critical determinants in forming relationships between average annual rainfall and average annual recharge. Climate zones and surface geology (lithology) were not found to be significant determinants in the relationship between rainfall and recharge. The method used to estimate recharge had an impact upon the magnitude of the recharge estimates due to the spatial and temporal scales over which the different methods estimate recharge. Relationships have been developed here between average annual rainfall and average annual recharge for combinations of soil and vegetation type that can be used with only nationally available datasets to provide a recharge estimate. These relationships can explain 60% of the variance in recharge measurements across Australia. The uncertainty in the recharge estimated using these relationships is generally greater than an order of magnitude. This means that if these relationships are used to help determine water allocations, then the precautionary principle should limit allocations to less than about 5% of the estimated recharge. If allocations are greater than this, a more detailed site specific study is warranted.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

Problematic Internet Use digunakan Ketika Kesepian pada Remaja

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Yashinta Yashinta ◽  
Dwi Hurriyati
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

This study aims to determine the relationship of loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city. Research subjects numbered 220 people using random sampling methods. Data was collected using a 60 item problematic internet use scale and a 60 item loneliness. Realibility is generated on scale of problematic internet use of 0,955 and loneliness of 0,946.Hypothesis testing uses product moment correlation analysis techniques. Hypothesis test results showed a positive relationshif between loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city r= 0,684 with a significance level of 0,000 (p<0,01). Loneliness in this study made an effective contribution of 46,8% to problematic internet use which can be seen from the coefficient of determination (r²) that is equel to 0,468.

THE ROLE OF GRASSLAND IN MANAGEMENT

1968 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
B.K. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Very High ◽  
Wilting Point

THE PROPERTY to be discussed is a mixed sheep and cropping unit, situated ei ht a miles east of Ashburton and midway between the Ra aia and the Ashburton rivers. Average annual rainfall is 27 in., evenly spread, but there is very high summer evaporation and therefore frequent droughts. On average, the soil is below wilting point for 40 to 50 days each summer. Winters are cold with the soil temperature being below 48°F for about four months each year. The soil is a Lismore stony silt loam averaging 9 in. in depth over gravel.

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