Growth and quality of tropical forages in a temperate climate

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Pearson ◽  
KW Dawbin ◽  
DK Muldoon ◽  
LC Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Tropical Forages ◽  
Hybrid Pennisetum

Dry matter accumulation in maize, hybrid pennisetum and mid- and late-season pearl millet were assessed following planting in mid-summer at Camden, New South Wales. Productivity was high in maize and hybrid pennisetum, the maximum above-ground rate of dry matter accumulation averaging 590 kg ha-1 day-1 for 20 days for maize in March 1975. Productivity was lower in the pearl millets which lodged in April of 1975 and 1976. Organic matter digestibility was superior in maize, phosphorus concentrations were higher in hybrid pennisetum and magnesium and calcium concentrations were the same in hybrid pennisetum as in maize. The concentrations of minerals would be generally too low to maintain highly-productive livestock if they were fed exclusively on these tropical forages.

The effect of frequency and time of cutting on the production and quality of a barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) dominant pasture

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Robards ◽  
JH Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Hordeum Leporinum ◽  
Main Component

A grazing experiment on a barley grass (Hordeum leporium Link) dominant pasture at Deniliquin, New South Wales, was carried out from May to November 1964. Monthly grazing of this pasture resulted in a greater dry matter yield of both green and total barley grass, and of crude protein, than when grazing occurred less frequently. The greatest stimulus to production was achieved when grazing occurred in August or September when the plants were approaching flowering. Rat's-tail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) K.C. Gmel), the other main component of the pasture, was not stimulated to greater total dry matter production by increasing the frequency of grazing. However, significantly more green fescue was harvested from areas grazed most frequently. The quality of both species, as estimated by nitrogen content and in vitro digestibility of barley grass and nitrogen content of fescue, was higher late in the season on the monthly grazed areas than on areas grazed less frequently.

Summer forages under irrigation. 4. The growth and mineral composition of forage legumes

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
New South ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Prostrate Growth

Summer forage legumes from the species Vigna unguiculata, Macroptilium lathyroides, Lablab purpureus, Arachis hypogaea and Glycine max were grown under irrigation at Trangie, New South Wales. Dry matter accumulation and plant development were recorded in primary growth and three subsequent regrowths. Plant fractions were analysed for nitrogen, sulfur and sodium during primary growth. In primary growth lablab produced the highest dry matter yield of 14 t/ha. This was attributed to very late flowering (110 days) and woody stems able to support this bulk. In contrast, cowpea lodged after producing 7 t/ha. Soybean produced 10 t/ha of dry matter but rapid leaf abscission detracted from its forage potential. Phasey bean was an excellent species under a 6-week cutting regime, yielding 10 t/ha from four cuts. In contrast to other species, it branched rapidly and extensively from basal buds. The basal branching and prostrate growth habit of peanut enabled it to yield 9 t/ha from three cuts. The leaves of all species contained over 3% nitrogen; mature stems had only half this concentration. Phasey bean and cowpea had much higher sodium contents (1040 and 1535 ppm at 10 weeks) than lablab (335), peanut (80), and soybean (165), the latter three being below recommended levels for animal production. All species contained satisfactory levels of sulfur (0.21, 0.30, 0.20, 0.18 and 0.17% in phasey bean, cowpea, lablab, peanut and soybean, respectively, at 10 weeks).

scholarly journals Quality of Chopped Maize Can Be Improved by Processing

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Filip Jančík ◽  
Petra Kubelková ◽  
Dana Kumprechtová ◽  
Radko Loučka ◽  
Petr Homolka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Grain Processing

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different maize processing technologies, comparing treatments with conventional rollers (control), MCC MAX rollers and a Shredlage crop processor on the quality of chopped maize. All the three types of chopped maize were harvested on the same day from the same field where the same maize hybrid was grown. The chemical composition of chopped maize, degree of grain processing and particle size fractions, and the effect of the treatments on rumen disappearance of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and starch were assessed. The highest degree of grain processing was achieved with the Shredlage processor (79.2%), and at the same time this processing method had a tendency to produce the highest proportion of physically effective fibre (37.2%). Compared to the conventional rollers (control), the chopped maize produced using the Shredlage processor had higher disappearance of dry matter, organic matter and NDF after 48 h of rumen incubation and of starch after 24 h of incubation. The MCC MAX rollers provided higher disappearance of all nutrients compared to the control treatment after both 24 and 48 h of incubation.

The intake and performance of cattle grazing irrigated pastures. 2. Effect of pasture length on growth of steers

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
South Wales ◽  
And Performance

The organic matter intakes (OMI) and liveweight of twenty-four weaner steers grazing either short or long irrigated annual pastures were compared during May to November in 1964 and 1965 at Leeton, New South Wales. The OMI were estimated from determinations of faeces organic matter output using chromic oxide dilution, and of digestibility estimated from a faeces nitrogen-digestibility relationship for pen-fed cattle. Weaners that grazed the short or long pasture did not differ significantly in final liveweights (356 v.361 kg respectively, 1964; 357 v.361 kg, 1965) or OMI (4.99 v.5.42 kg day-1, 1964; 5.78 v.6.06 kg day-1, 1965) although available dry matter was less (P < 0.05) in short than in long pastures in both years. The OMI were commensurate with the 0.6 kg mean daily liveweight gains of weaners, which however were smaller than other reported growth rates, and an unsatisfactory production from the costly pastures. The reasons for the small liveweight gains are unknown but it is suggested that high moisture contents (85 per cent) of pastures restricted intake, or that high clover contents (58 per cent) caused bloating and rumen distension which thereby restricted intake.

Hybrid pennisetum in a warm temperature climate: regrowth and stand-over forage production

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon ◽  
CJ Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Temperature Climate ◽  
Hybrid Pennisetum

Dry matter, tillering and herbage quality changes were examined in hybrid pennisetum (Pennisetum americanum x P. purpureum) over 15 weeks of uninterrupted regrowth in summer and autumn, and in regrowth of differing ages throughout autumn until frosting. During uninterrupted regrowth above-ground dry matter accumulation was slow until internode elongation, at which time the apparent utilization of visible radiation was 10 per cent. Nitrogen and organic matter digestibility percentages declined with age except during internode elongation. The dry matter yield was high (12 t ha-1) but the quality of the forage poor after 12-13 weeks. When defoliated in summer and autumn the rate of regrowth decreased as defoliation was delayed. Nitrogen concentration decreased during autumn and fell rapidly after frosting; digestibility also decreased with time but increased with lateness of defoliation when forage was compared at the same age. Defoliation in mid-February was recommended to provide a reasonable yield of stand-over forage containing adequate concentrations of crude protein and digestible organic matter.

Summer forages under irrigation. 1. Growth and development

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production

Summer forages, including Sorghum bicolor hybrids, S, sudanense, S. bicolor x S. sudanense hybrids, perennial sorghum, maize and Pennisetum and Echinochloa millets were grown on an alkaline clay soil at Trangie, New South Wales. They were fertilized and flood irrigated to allow the expression of potential growth characteristics. Fractional dry matter accumulation was measured during primary growth and subsequent regrowths. The accumulation pattern in primary growth was described by quadratic regressions of logarithmically transformed data. The highest dry matter yield of 31-33 t/ha was obtained in a single cut from late flowering sweet sorghum hybrids. Under a multiple cutting regime, however, these were inferior to sudangrass and sorghumxsudangrass hybrids, which produced up to 14 and 16 t/ha, respectively. The latter group maintained tiller numbers in regrowth in contrast to the poor tillering and slow regrowth of sweet sorghum hybrids. Regrowth of maize was negligible following tiller decapitation. Piper Sudangrass and Indian barnyard millet were the only species to yield as much under multiple cutting as from a single cut. The latter was exceptional among the millets in that most millets tillered poorly after the second cut. The millets produced less than half the cumulative regrowth yield of sorghum hybrids. Removal of the apical meristem appeared to jeopardize their regrowth. Consequently, if maximum dry matter production is the sole aim of forage production, millets do not compete with sorghum hybrids in a warm temperate climate.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Content of Dry Matter and Dry Organic Matter in Compost with Neural Modelling Methods

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Dawid Wojcieszak ◽  
Maciej Zaborowicz ◽  
Jacek Przybył ◽  
Piotr Boniecki ◽  
Aleksander Jędruś
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Neural Models ◽  
Test Error ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Modelling Methods

Neural image analysis is commonly used to solve scientific problems of biosystems and mechanical engineering. The method has been applied, for example, to assess the quality of foodstuffs such as fruit and vegetables, cereal grains, and meat. The method can also be used to analyse composting processes. The scientific problem lets us formulate the research hypothesis: it is possible to identify representative traits of the image of composted material that are necessary to create a neural model supporting the process of assessment of the content of dry matter and dry organic matter in composted material. The effect of the research is the identification of selected features of the composted material and the methods of neural image analysis resulted in a new original method enabling effective assessment of the content of dry matter and dry organic matter. The content of dry matter and dry organic matter can be analysed by means of parameters specifying the colour of compost. The best developed neural models for the assessment of the content of dry matter and dry organic matter in compost are: in visible light RBF 19:19-2-1:1 (test error 0.0922) and MLP 14:14-14-11-1:1 (test error 0.1722), in mixed light RBF 30:30-8-1:1 (test error 0.0764) and MLP 7:7-9-7-1:1 (test error 0.1795). The neural models generated for the compost images taken in mixed light had better qualitative characteristics.

Evaluation of postharvest infiltration of calcium to delay the ripening of avocados

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
RBH Wills ◽  
S Sirivatanapa ◽  
Sirivatanapa Somjate
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Vacuum Infiltration ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
South Wales

Postharvest vacuum infiltration of calcium into mature but unripe Hass and Fuerte avocados obtained from 80 growers in the 3 major growing districts in Australia over 2 seasons delayed the time to ripen compared with untreated fruit; but the magnitude of the response varied. Hass fruit from 66% of growers in the Murray Valley showed a significant delay in ripening and the average increase in fruit from all growers was 45% over that of untreated fruit. The response of Fuerte fruit was similar between districts, with an average delay in ripening time of about 30% and with fruit from 60% of growers having a significant increase. Hass fruit from North Queensland and northern New South Wales gave the lowest average delay in ripening of about 10% and an increased delay was significant for fruit from 25% of growers. The quality of ripe Hass fruit was not affected by calcium infiltration, whereas a slight decrease in the quality of Fuerte fruit was observed.

scholarly journals Kajian Mutu dan Palatibilitas Silase dan Hay Ransum Komplit Berbasis Sampah Organik Primer pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmadi Yusmadi ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Muhammad Ridla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Measuring Ph

The quality and palatibility of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in peranakan etawah (PE) poadABSTRACT. This research was conducted to study the quality and palatability of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in nine heads of Peranakan Etawah (PE) Goat. The quality of silage and hay was evaluated By measuring pH, total number of lactic acid Bacteria (LAB), palatability, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) aroma and color of silage. Nine heads of peranakan etawah were grouped based on their lactation periode and randomly assigned to one of tree dietary treatments. The treatments were (1) Control rations; (2) silage complete ration (SRK); and (3) Hay complete ration (HRK). The results indicated that the silage had PH 4.15 and total number of LAB was 2.4 x 10 cfu/g of silage. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of SRK were better than those of HRK. The palatability of SRK was higher than HRK but less than control. Storage of SRK for did not change dry matter and organic matter content. Organoleptic analysis indicated that texture and color of HRK were changed at after storage, while SRK was still constant. It is concluded that silage composed of organic primer garbage has high quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics, prolong storage.

Soil-extractable sulfur and pasture response to applied sulfur

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Anderson ◽  
R. D. B. Lefroy ◽  
G. J. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Organic S ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Soil Sulfur ◽  
The Relationship

Summary. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to study the correlation between various soil sulfur (S) extractants and pasture response to applied S grown under controlled environmental conditions (glasshouse) as influenced by variations in levels of extractable S. Intact paired soil cores were collected at 2-month intervals from an S x P factorial experiment at 4 field sites on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales on 11 occasions. Soil samples were collected from each core and the cores placed in the glasshouse. Sulfur was applied to one core of each pair and basal nutrients applied to all cores which were then oversown with white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Haifa). The extractable S in the soil was analysed using the following techniques: 0.1 mol Ca(H2PO4)2/L (MCPt); 0.1 mol Ca(H2PO4)2/L, treated with activated charcoal (MCPi); water (H2O); 0.25 mol KCl/L, heated at 40°C for 3 h (KCl-40); 0.25 mol KCl/L, heated at 100°C for 4 h (KCl-100); 0.5 mol NaHCO3/L (NaHCO3); and an acid digestion of the soil (total). Dry matter yield and S content of the pasture shoots were measured for each 2-month growth period. The relationship between the various soil S extraction techniques and the response of pasture to applied S varied over time and was influenced by the level of inorganic S present in the soil and the amount of organic S extracted. When the level of MCPi-extractable S ranged between 2 and 22 µg S/g soil due to the application of fertiliser (summer 1987–88 and autumn 1988), or after a period of high mineralisation rates (spring 1988), the MCPi, MCPt, H2O and KCl-40 techniques had the highest correlation with the increase in S content of the pasture when S was applied. The higher correlation for the MCPt, H2O and KCl-40 techniques than the MCPi technique indicates that plants obtained some S from the organic S pool. In contrast, when the levels of MCPi-extractable S ranged between 2 and 10 µg S/g soil and the rate of mineralisation increased in response to an increase in soil temperature (June 1988 and June 1989) or moisture (September 1989) upon transfer of samples from the field to the glasshouse, the MCPt, H2O and KCl-40 techniques underestimated the available S pool and had lower r2 values than either the KCl-100 or NaHCO3 techniques.

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