Nematode parasite control in weaner cattle on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
FL Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
New South ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Production Losses

An indication of the extent to which parasite infection can limit production in yearling cattle was studied by comparing a monthly treatment with cambendazole with non-treated control cattle. In the same experiment the technique of limiting parasite infections by alternate grazing of pastures by sheep and cattle was studied. Growth rate of monthly treated cattle (0.667 kg day-1) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than for untreated cattle (0.421 kg day-1) over the 12-month period of the trial. The mortality of 12.5% in untreated animals was avoided by regular treatment. These two factors resulted in a marked financial advantage to monthly treated cattle. Ostertagia ostertagi, as the major nematode involved, produced production losses primarily in the spring and early summer periods. The alternation of sheep and cattle grazing gave an advantage over set stocked cattle in both liveweight gain and financial returns, but did not prevent mortalities in untreated cattle.

Validation of the formation and appearance of annual marks in the otoliths of yellowtail (Trachurus novaezelandiae) and blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) in New South Wales

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stewart ◽  
Douglas J. Ferrell ◽  
Neil L. Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Age Class ◽  
South Wales ◽  
In Captivity

Yellowtail (Trachurus novaezelandiae) and blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) were captured off the coast of New South Wales, marked with oxytetracycline, and kept in captivity for 1 year. The fish were periodically sampled to validate the use of their otoliths for age estimation. Opaque marks were formed during the year in the otoliths of yellowtail apparently aged 0 to 7 years and in apparently 1-year-old blue mackerel. These marks were formed in winter for both species, but did not become visible until early summer in some fish. There was an association between the growth rate of the otolith and the detection of opaque marks. Within an age class, fish with the fastest growing otoliths tended to have their most recently formed opaque marks visible earliest. These relationships between growth rate and the probability of correctly assigning an age class have important implications for ageing fish. Extra keyword: ageing

Higher weaning weight improves postweaning growth and survival in young Merino sheep

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hatcher ◽  
J. Eppleston ◽  
R. P. Graham ◽  
J. McDonald ◽  
S. Schlunke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Two monitoring projects were conducted to investigate weaner mortality in commercial Merino flocks in the Yass and the Central Tablelands Rural Lands Protection Boards located in the Southern Tablelands agricultural region of New South Wales. The projects were conducted in Yass in 2005 and in the Central Tablelands in 2006. A random sample of weaners from four flocks in the Yass board and 11 flocks in the Central Tablelands board were regularly weighed, growth rates were calculated after weaning and survival was determined by the continuing presence of an individual weaner at subsequent weighing activities. Weaning weight was the most important factor in determining postweaning liveweight, growth rates and survival with the significant impact of weaning weight on liveweight persisting for up to 6 months after weaning. Despite the lightest weaners being capable of considerable compensatory growth given sufficient postweaning nutrition, the lightest 25% of weaners were more than twice as likely to die as heavier weaners. A focus on ewe nutrition and parasite control during late pregnancy and lactation will allow Merino producers to achieve higher weaning weights that will set their weaners up for strong postweaning growth with a decreased likelihood of mortality.

The influence of supplementary feeding on growth and fertility of beef heifers grazing natural pastures

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Sparke ◽  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern

This paper reports an experiment examining the effect of age and protein supplementation on growth and fertility of Shorthorn-Devon cross heifers grazing natural pastures in the summer rainfall, subtropical environment of the Upper Clarence valley, north-eastern New South Wales. Heifers born over the period October to January 1963-64 were weaned in June 1964 and allotted at random within age groups (by month of birth) to a supplemented or non-supplemented treatment. The supplemented heifers were given linseed meal during the dry winter period each year from 1964 to 1966 inclusive (May-June to September-October). They were weighed each month and joined with bulls in the early summer of 1965 (2 years) and 1966 (3 years). They were examined for pregnancy in the autumn, and their calves were identified at birth. Supplemented heifers gained weight throughout and non-supplemented heifers generally lost weight in the winter periods. At two years fertility was closely related to liveweight at joining in supplemented heifers, but not in others. Heifers born in January gave the poorest reproductive performance, as the two supplemented ones that became pregnant in 1965 died at calving, and two-thirds of the non-supplemented ones were still empty after joining as 3-year-olds. The advantage of high 2-year-old fertility gained by heifers born in October and November, due to their greater size at joining, was partly offset by low fertility when lactating the following year. It is concluded that a decision as to whether a heifer should be supplemented during a period of nutritional stress prior to joining ought to be based on the probability of her reaching a prescribed target weight at joining as a result of receiving the supplement. The target weight for lactating heifers was at least 100 Ib higher than for dry hdfers. The results also indicate specific areas for further research.

Performance of breeding ewes on lucerne-subterranean clover pastures

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Hall ◽  
EC Wolfe ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Lamb Growth

Pasture production, ewe and lamb growth, ewe wool production and diet quality were studied on lucerne-subterranean clover pastures at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Lucerne was sown at rates of 0.75 to 3.0 kg/ha, and the pastures were rotationally grazed with Border Leicester x Merino ewes at 9.6 or 12.7 sheep/ha, the ewes lambing in August- September. Lucerne density declined by 45% over the 3 years on all treatments. The clover cultivar sown, Woogenellup, had low persistence, particularly at 12.7 sheep/ha. The density of lucerne had little effect on annual wool and lamb production, although the ewes grew faster on the denser lucerne in summer and the sparser lucerne in winter. At 12- 7 sheep/ha, there was an extra 19% total lamb weight by the end of November and an extra 22% of finer wool (1 �m) annually, but the fleeces had a higher proportion of wool tenderness. The major limitations of the lucerne-subterranean clover pastures to sheep production were the low quality of the diet in early summer, and low pasture production in late winter. In early summer the lucerne was rapidly consumed, leaving only moderate quality clover and grass residues, which limited lamb growth, while in winter pregnancy toxaemia occurred, fleeces were tender and wool growth was low, particularly during a drought in 1976.

The role of soil temperature and seed dormancy in the creation and maintenance of persistent seed banks of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Annemieke Ruttledge ◽  
Ralph D. B. Whalley ◽  
Gregory Falzon ◽  
David Backhouse ◽  
Brian M. Sindel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Persistent Soil Seed Bank

A large and persistent soil seed bank characterises many important grass weeds, including Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock), a major weed in Australia and other countries. In the present study we examined the effects of constant and alternating temperatures in regulating primary and secondary dormancy and the creation and maintenance of its soil seed bank in northern NSW, Australia. One-month-old seeds were stored at 4, 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C, in a laboratory, and germination tests were conducted every two weeks. Few seeds germinated following storage at 4°C, compared with seeds stored at 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C. Nylon bags containing freshly harvested seeds were buried among N. trichotoma stands in early summer, and germination tests conducted following exhumation after each season over the next 12 months. Seeds buried over summer and summer plus autumn had higher germination than seeds buried over summer plus autumn plus winter, but germination increased again in the subsequent spring. Seeds stored for zero, three, six and 12 months at laboratory temperatures were placed on a thermogradient plate with 81 temperature combinations, followed by incubation at constant 25°C of un-germinated seeds. Constant high or low temperatures prolonged primary dormancy or induced secondary dormancy whereas alternating temperatures tended to break dormancy. Few temperature combinations resulted in more than 80% germination.

The Seasonal Abundance of Female Biting-Midges, Culicoides-Brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), in Coastal South-Eastern Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Murray
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
New South ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Cattle Movements ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

Daily light-trap collections of female C. brevitarsis were made at three localities along the northern coastal plains of New South Wales. Numbers increased during spring, were maximal in summer, declined during autumn and were minimal in winter. The generation time was about 3-4 weeks in the summer and several cohorts of nulliparous midges, probably representing different generations, were detected from spring to autumn. Some breeding continued throughout the winter. Summer abundance appeared to be associated with high rates of reproduction in late spring or early summer, and this occurred when rainfall was adequate for good pasture growth. Midge survival was better in the summer than in other seasons of the year, and numbers of parous females increased rapidly whenever it rained, probably due to their increased survival and longevity. At each locality, numbers fluctuated throughout spring, summer and autumn, with peaks and troughs of abundance which were often not obviously associated with concurrent climatic conditions or cattle movements.

Effect of sod-seeding oats or barley, renovation, herbicide and broadcast nitrogen fertilizer on forage production of dryland lucerne

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (79) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
RA Spurway ◽  
AC Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
New South ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Forage Yields

In four experiments at Tamworth, New South Wales in 1973 and 1974, forage production from dryland lucerne pastures (Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River) was evaluated following sod-seeding with oats (Avena sativa cv. Cooba and Coolabah) or barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Beecher) in autumn, treatment with diquat and topdressing with 50 or 100 kg nitrogen (N) ha-1. Comparisons were also made with production from lucerne alone and with crops of oats and barley sown on conventional seedbeds. Total forage production from lucerne was approximately doubled (P < 0.05) in winter by sod-seeding with oats or barley. Differences between the cereal species were small and both responded significantly to N fertilizer. Herbicide did not significantly affect forage production. The sod-sown cereal reduced (P < 0.05) lucerne growth in winter, but in early summer when cereal growth had ceased neither the growth of lucerne nor its basal area differed significantly from that of unseeded lucerne pastures. In most experiments renovation or broadcasting N fertilizer gave small, but significant increases in lucerne production. Forage yields from conventionally sown oats and barley were 2 to 3 times larger (P < 0.05) than the total production of sod-sown plots. Per cent N in sod-sown oats or barley was almost always less (P < 0.05) than in conventional sowings. Per cent N in both cereals declined significantly between winter and spring

Latitudinal and seasonal effects on growth of the Australian eastern king prawn (Melicertus plebejus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke R. Lloyd-Jones ◽  
You-Gan Wang ◽  
Anthony J. Courtney ◽  
Andrew J. Prosser ◽  
Steven S. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
New South ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Latitudinal Effect

The growth of the Australian eastern king prawn ( Melicertus plebejus ) is understood in greater detail by quantifying the latitudinal effect. The latitudinal effect is the change in the species’ growth rate during migration. Mark–recapture data (N = 1635, latitude 22.21°S–34.00°S) presents northerly movement of the eastern king prawn, with New South Wales prawns showing substantial average movement of 140 km (standard deviation: 176 km) north. A generalized von Bertalanffy growth model framework is used to incorporate the latitudinal effect together with the canonical seasonal effect. Applying this method to eastern king prawn mark–recapture data guarantees consistent estimates for the latitudinal and seasonal effects. For M. plebejus, it was found that growth rate peaks on 25 and 29 January for males and females, respectively; is at a minimum on 27 and 31 July, respectively; and that the shape parameter, k (per year), changes by –0.0236 and –0.0556 every 1 degree of latitude south increase for males and females, respectively.

Seasonal variation in reproductive performance of Merino ewes in northern New South Wales

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Barrett ◽  
TF Reardon ◽  
LJ Lambourne
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Group A

Two groups of Merino ewes were observed for five years to determine the variation within years and to make comparisons between years in the numbers of ewes exhibiting oestrus, in fertility, and in lamb birth weights. A group of 35 ewes (continuous), was run constantly with vasectomized rams and services were recorded. From the other (changing) group, a fresh sub-group of 15 ewes was joined with fertile rams every four to six weeks; services were recorded, together with lambing performance and lamb birth weights.Distinct breeding and anoestrous seasons similar to those shown by other workers were observed in both groups of ewes. However, the onset of oestrous activity was a month earlier in the changing ewes than in the continuous ewes.Fertility was low during spring and early summer and reached a maximum in autumn.The birth weight of the lambs appeared to be predominantly influenced by the ewes' nutrition during pregnancy.

Studies on Age, Growth, and Life History of the Pilchard, Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner), in Southern and Western Australia

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
South Wales

The biology of the unexploited Australian pilchard, Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner), was studied from a limited material available from Victorian, Tasmanian, South Australian, and Western Australian waters. This completes the preliminary study of the species over almost the whole of its sub-continental range. In Victorian waters, the surface shoaling season is spring and summer, in South Australia, summer and autumn, and in southern Western Australia, autumn and winter; these are the spawning seasons for the respective areas. In New South Wales and Queensland waters, the shoaling season is autumn to spring, which is again a spawning period. The situation in Tasmania, where the species is rare, is probably similar to that in Victoria. On the west coast of Australia, where the species extends northward to the Tropic of Capricorn (as it also does in the east) the seasonal distribution is not clear. In all these areas pilchard occurrences are virtually limited to the bay and neritic waters. Victorian pilchards attain mean standard lengths of about 8.0, 10.5, 12.5, 14.0, and 15.5 cm. at the ages of one, two, three, four, and five years respectively. This growth rate is considerably lower than that in New South Wales. In southern Western Australia the growth rate is intermediate between the other two, but in South Australia it was not established. The average size of pilchards in the seasonal shoals appears to be greater in Western Australia than elsewhere, but no fish over 19.5 cm. standard length (9.0 in. total length) has been encountered in any of the current Australian investigations. Sexual maturity occurs earlier in Victoria than in New South Wales, sometimes at one year of age. The ring pattern of Australian pilchard scales is complex, involving yearly, spawning, and secondary rings. A hypothesis to account for the formation of spawning rings is outlined, and an earlier hypothesis relating to yearly rings is abandoned. Secondary rings occur on most scales from the same fish. In all waters the season of ring formation coincides with that of surface availability of fish, but in Victoria it is also the growing season, which makes age determination particularly difficult. The fish-length/scale-length relationship for Victorian material is of the same linear type as for New South Wales, but there are differences in the size of scales taken from the same area of the body. The possible influences of distribution, size, and condition of fish on future economic exploitation are discussed.

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