Superphosphate and stocking rate effects on a native pasture oversown with Stylosanthes humilis in central coastal Queensland. 5. Bone phosphorus levels in grazing cattle

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (101) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Little ◽  
NH Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
One Year ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The influence of fertilizer on bone phosphorus levels in grazing cattle was examined on native spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) pastures in central coastal Queensland oversown with Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis). The first experiment compared superphosphate at nil, 125 or 250 kg ha-1 annually (F0, F1, F2, respectively), at three stocking rates. In the eighth and final year of this experiment, bone samples from Brahman-cross cattle obtained by rib biopsy were analyzed for their phosphorus content. Analyses of pasture samples indicated that Fo provided a diet deficient in phosphorus, but that F1 and F2 were adequate. Animals on F0 grew slowly, and after one year bone from the twelfth rib contained 121.5 mg P cm-3 In contrast, bone samples from cattle on F1 and F2 contained over 150 mg P cm-3 . At the end of the year there was no difference in bone phosphorus levels between animals on F1 and F2, although a significant advantage of F2 over F0 became apparent earlier in the year than that for F1. It is suggested that levels around 120 mg P cm-3 in bone from the twelfth rib indicate a deficiency of phosphorus, and that levels over 150 mg P cm-3 indicate adequacy. The diet selected from F0 was apparently deficient in protein for six months of the year. However, the quality of herbage selected from the fertilized pasture was much higher throughout the year, probably mainly through the consequent availability of much greater amounts of Townsville stylo. A second experiment, involving potassium fertilizer plus superphosphate, was run for three years following the development of potassium deficiency in the legume. During the first two years only small changes in bone phosphorus were observed, but in the third year, highly significant increases in bone phosphorus occurred in all fertilizer treatments. In a third experiment, changes in bone phosphorus were measured in animals grazing pasture dressed with superphosphate for the first time. After the first year, F2 produced higher levels of bone phosphorus than did F1, but no difference occurred in the second year. The results suggested that for the promotion of bone phosphorus storage, the higher rate of fertilizer application was of only short-term advantage.

Effect of times, height and frequency of defoliation on growth and development of Townsville stylo in pure ungrazed swards at Katherine, N.T

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
One Year ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
Cutting Height

A one-year experiment was done in the field at Katherine, Northern Territory, to determine the influence of defoliation at different times (January, February, and March) and heights (5, 13 and 20 cm) on the growth and development of Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) in ungrazed swards grown with complete fertilizer and irrigation. Townsville stylo withstood repeated defoliation at 5 cm provided that cutting started in January, but, when the first defoliation was delayed, single cuts at 5 cm in either February or March killed 82 and 53 per cent of the swards. Defoliation to 5 cm early in the season reduced total cumulative yield by less than 450 kg ha-1, and did not affect pod yield or nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations at the end of the growing season. Immediately after defoliation nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were reduced, but there was rapid recovery to higher levels with 5-cm and the same levels with 13-cm defoliation. Successive defoliation at 4 3 cm in February and March increased yield of pods. Defoliation at both 5 and 13 cm increased relative growth rate compared with the control and less frequently defoliated treatments. Defoliation to 5 cm each four weeks altered the stand morphology to a dense mat of foliage at cutting height. The ability of Townsville stylo to withstand continued defoliation suggests that sustained grazing during the growing season may be successful in controlling grass weeds vulnerable to grazing without greatly reducing pod yield or total dry matter production of Townsville stylo.

The utilization and excretion of sulphur in cattle fed on tropical roughages

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Townsville Stylo

The effect of additions of sulphateh to the diet of cattle given tropical spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) and Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) was studied in three experiments. In one experiment there was a small increase in the digestibility of dry matter, but the intake of feed was not affected. The concentration of volatile fatty acids in ruminal liquor from cattle offered spear grass was increased by supplemental sulphate; there was a concurrent small decrease in the proportions of propionic and isovaleric acids. Excretion of faecal sulphur varied with the intakes of total sulphur, organic matter, and digestible organic matter, while urinary sulphur excretion varied with the sulphur and organic matter intakes. Excretion of organic sulphur and total sulphate in urine and faeces increased with sulphur intake. The ratio of nitrogen to sulphur in faeces declined when sulphate was given. The retention of nitrogen was correlated with sulphur retention. It was concluded that the intake and digestion of the hays were not limited by the intake of sulphur.

scholarly journals Influence of Manure, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application on Growth of One-year-old Oil Palms on Marginal Soil in Jonggol, Bogor, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudradjat Sudrajat ◽  
Yan Sukmawan ◽  
Sugiyanta Sugiyanta
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
One Year

The oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) are highlyefcient oil producers. It produces ve to seven timesmore vegetable oil per hectare than soybean, sunower,and rapeseed. The objectives of this research were tostudy the role of organic and N, P, and K fertilizers ongrowth of one-year-old immature oil palm on marginalsoil in Jonggol. The research was conducted at IPBCargill Teaching Farm (ICTF) of Oil Palm, Jonggol,Bogor,West Java from March 2013 to March 2014. Theexperiment was arranged in a factorial experimentfollowing a randomized block design with threereplications. The rst factor was organic fertilizer(manure) consisting of 0 (O), 15 (O1) and 30 (O2) kg pertree per year. The second factor was inorganic fertilizerconsisting of 0 (S0); 0.25 kg N + 0.25 kg P O + 0.39 kg 2 5K O(S ) 0.50 k N+ 0.50 kg P O + 0.78 kg K O(S ) 2 25 2 1and g 2per tree. The results demonstrated that application ofmanure up to 30 kg per tree per year did not affect thegrowth of one-year-old oil palm. Application of 0.50 kg N+ 0.50 kg P O + 0.78 kg K O highest 2 5 2 per tree gave theresult in increasing frond production, stem girth, and leafnutrient concentration. The results of leaf analysis andplant growth responses suggested that the rates ofmanure and inorganic fertilizers applied in this study arenot sufcient to improve young oil palm growth inmarginal soil in Jonggol.Keywords: cow manure, critical nutrient level, inorganicfertilizer, soil fertility, vegetative growth

Nutritional value of Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) and of spear grass (Heteropogon contortus)-dominant pastures fed to sheep. 1. The effect of plant maturity

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Playne ◽  
KP Haydock
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
A Site

The voluntary dry matter intake, digestibility and chemical composition of Townsville stylo and of black spear grass cut at different times of the year from a site near Townsville, Queensland, have been examined using penned sheep. Nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus intakes and retention in the sheep were measured. The concentrations of N, P, S, Na, and Ca in most cuts of spear grass and P and Na in Townsville stylo were less than the published requirements of animals. With spear grass, digestible dry matter intake declined rapidly from January to April and more slowly from April to October and by mid-March fell below the estimated energy requirements for maintenance of sheep. There was little change in digestible dry matter intake of Townsville stylo between February and May and the level was well above maintenance requirements. Dry matter intake and dry matter digestibility were linearly related but only about 50 per cent of variations in intake were caused by variations in digestibility. Nitrogen balance was linearly related to nitrogen intake, and sulphur balance was linearly related to sulphur intake. Phosphorus intakes were usually less than 1 g P day-l and animals were usually in negative P retention.

scholarly journals Effect of potassium fertilization on its available and fixed content in vineyard soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Licina ◽  
N. Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
K Fertilizer

The experiment was conducted on brown forest soil in the vineyard with Sauvignon blanc variety on Kober 5BB rootstock. During a thre- year experiment (1994-1996), potassium fertilizer was added in a dose of 0 kg K2O/ha, 50 kg K2O/ha, 100 kg K2O/ha, 150 K2O/ha respectively. After the determination of soil potassium content (1870-1920 mg K2O/100 g), its available form was monitored by using two different extraction methods (AL method and 1N ammonium-acetate extraction). The amount of extracted available K was not significant between the used methods, while the effect of fertilization was visible only at 150 kg/ha potassium rate during the first year in soil layers (30-60 cm, 60-90 cm). Also, another examined soil K fraction (fixed K+) was not affected by K fertilizer application.

Nutritional value of Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) and of spear grass (Heteropogon contortus)-dominant pastures fed to sheep. 2. The effect of superphosphate fertilizer

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Playne
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Townsville Stylo

Penned sheep were used to measure the voluntary dry matter intake, digestibility and chemical composition of Townsville stylo and of black spear grass fertilized at three different annual rates of superphosphate -0, 125 and 750 kg ha-1. Dry matter intake of spear grass fertilized at 125 kg ha-1 was greater (P<0.05) than that of spear grass fertilized at 750 kg ha-1, which in turn was greater than that of grass not fertilized (P<0.05). Dry matter digestibilities were generally similar, although the digestibility of the grass fertilized at 125 kg ha-l tended to be greatest. In Townsville stylo, no significant differences in intake or digestibility occurred with different fertilizer treatments.

Establishment of Townsville stylo in native perennial grass pastures

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (88) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
Native Perennial Grass

In experiments where Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) was oversown into perennial grass swards dominated by Heteropogon contortus and Bothriochloa bladhii residual stubble reduced the survival of Townsville stylo seedlings. When this stubble was removed, Townsville stylo plants grew to maturity and made up 25 per cent of the dry matter of the sward, an increase of 500 per cent Townsville stylo yield. Frequency of defoliation from 3 to 12 weeks during the growing season had no effect on the proportion of legume in the sward but the yield of all species was less under frequent cutting. Of the two collections of Townsville stylo used, the erect type always gave the highest yield and there was no evidence of an advantage for the prostrate type under frequent cutting. Over a period of three years the erect type invaded plots sown to the prostrate type. The response of Townsville stylo to superphosphate was large whereas that of the perennial native grasses was only slight.

Comparison of Stylosanthes humilis with S. hamata and S. subsericea in the Queensland dry tropics: effects on pasture composition and cattle liveweight gain

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Gillard ◽  
LA Edye ◽  
RL Hall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Perennial Legumes

Two new accessions of perennial legumes, Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano and S. subsericea, were compared under grazing with the annual S. humilis (Townsville stylo) at four sites in the dry tropics. One of the new accessions, S. subsericea, was largely eliminated from the comparison because of its susceptibility to anthracnose. Although Townsville stylo was well adapted at two of the sites where average rainfall exceeded 850 mm annually (Lansdown and Wrotham Park), the yield of Verano was significantly more after the establishment year. At these sites the original grasses were replaced by the annuals Diqitaria ciliaris and Brachiaria miliiformis. Where soil fertility was high (Lansdown), these grasses competed vigorously with the legumes; where soil fertility was low (Wrotham Park), the sward remained legume-dominant. The yield of Townsville stylo was low at the two sites where annual rainfall was less than 750 mm annually (Kangaroo Hills and Westwood). Verano produced very high yields at the warmer site (Kangaroo Hills) and became dominant in the third year; in subsequent years there was an increase in the improved grass Urochloa mosambicensis, which responded to the increase in soil fertility. At the cooler site (Westwood) the yield of Verano was poor. Cattle liveweight gains were similar on both the Townsville stylo and Verano pastures at Lansdown, and better on the Verano pasture only in one year at Wrotham Park. At Kangaroo Hills and Westwood, liveweight gains were significantly greater on the Verano pastures. The data suggested that differences in liveweight gain did not occur when the legume yield on both pastures exceeded 600 kg ha-1. This threshold was usually achieved at Lansdown and Wrotham Park, but rarely with Townsville stylo at Kangaroo Hills. Townsville stylo has until recently been the only legume suited to pasture improvement in the dry tropics. The results from this experiment show that the perennial legume Verano can now extend the range of legume-based pasture improvement in the dry tropics of northern Australia.

Superphosphate and stocking rate effects on a native pasture oversown with Stylosanthes humilis in central coastal Queensland. 2. Animal production

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (95) ◽  
pp. 800 ◽  
Author(s):  
NH Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Animal Production ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Main Factor

Liveweight changes of beef cattle were measured over eight years in a grazing experiment on a native pasture (Heteropogon contortus dominant) oversown with S. humilis (T.S.). The pastures were subjected to three levels of molybdenized superphosphate (F0 = nil; F1 = 125 kg ha-2 annually; F2 = 250 kg ha-1 annually plus an extra 250 kg ha-1 initially) in factorial combination with four stocking rates and two sowing methods for T.S. (ground sowing into spaced cultivated strips, or aerial sowing). Stocking rates were gradually increased during the experiment and for the last three years overlapping ranges were used for the three fertilizer levels; the overall range was then from 0.55 to 1.65 beasts ha-1. Superphosphate increased liveweight gain per head in all years. The main effect was in the period of weight gain and the difference between rates of gain on fertilized and unfertilized pastures increased over years. The mean for F, and F, ranged from 370 to 71 0 g head-1 day-1 compared with 270 to 470 g head-1 day-1 for F0. Except for the last year, there were liveweight losses in all three fertilizer treatments in winter; treatment differences then were mostly small, with significant effects in only three of the eight years. F, gave higher annual liveweight gains than F1 in three of the first six years, but by years seven and eight these two treatments were equal. Comparisons with pasture data described in a previous paper showed highly significant linear relations between annual gains per head and T.S. yield (log10 kg ha-1), and it is concluded that this is the main factor in the liveweight response to fertilizer. Increasing stocking rate depressed gain per head in F, in all years (mean of 35 kg head-1 for an increase of 0.5 beasts ha-1). A similar effect occurred in F1 and F2 in early years, but there was virtually no stocking rate depression in F2 in the last two years, and a significant increase for F1 in the final year. This effect is ascribed to the increase in T.S. yield in fertilized pastures at high stocking rates. Sowing method had no effect on animal production.

Changes in soil nitrogen following different establishment procedures for Townsville stylo on a solodic soil in north-eastern Queensland

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (56) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Crack
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Total Nitrogen ◽  
North East ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Townsville Stylo

The effect of the legume Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) on soil nitrogen status was studied under mown plots with different conditions of establishment and fertilizer application on a solodic soil in north- east Queensland. Increase in soil total nitrogen 0-7.5 cm of 180 kg N per ha and total nitrogen accession (plant and soil) of 460 kg N per ha was measured over a four year period where the legume was sown into existing spear grass and fertilized with superphosphate at 375 kg per ha per year. Soil nitrogen increases did not occur until the pasture was legume dominant and main increases took place where superphosphate was applied. Under these conditions there was also a dry season accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen.

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