Thinning of cling peaches with ethephon in the Riverland area of South Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Gathercole
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Full Bloom

An ethephon spray 39 to 53 days after full bloom effectively thinned both Golden Queen and Wight peaches in 1973 and 1974, and Wight and Keimos cultivars in 1975, but gave inconsistent results in commercial demonstrations in 1976. The optimum concentration was 40-100 ppm and depended on the degree of thinning needed. Concentrations in this range did not cause any leaf fall but increased the amount of gumming and stone splitting in Golden Queen fruit in 1974; there were no other detrimental effects on the fruit. Uneven thinning between and within trees of Keimos was a problem in 1975.

Effect of timing of hand thinning on productivity of Moorpark apricots destined for drying

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rettke ◽  
A. P. Dahlenburg
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Fruit Stone

Summary. Thinning at full bloom was compared with thinning at 3 stages of fruit development and the effects on size, total soluble solids level (TSS) and yield of apricots are reported. In 2 seasons separate branches of 9-year-old Moorpark apricot trees were hand-thinned to a density of 1 blossom or fruit per 50 mm of fruiting wood. Times of thinning were at full bloom, 5–15 mm size fruit, stone tip hardening and 21 days post stone tip hardening. These treatments were compared with an unthinned control. Experimentation was carried out at Loxton, South Australia. All thinning treatments reduced the yield of fresh fruit. Thinning reduced yield of dried fruit irrespective of timing in the first season but only at the 5–15 mm diameter fruit timing in the second season. Total soluble solids level of the fruit was increased by thinning which tended to improve drying ratio. Compared to the unthinned control all thinning treatments increased the size of fresh fruit. Mean fruit weight and diameter progressively decreased as thinning was delayed from full bloom till stone tip hardening. Thinning at full bloom produced higher yields of 35-mm-grade dried fruit than other treatments. To achieve the greatest benefit from thinning it should be carried out at blossoming.

scholarly journals 295 The Effect of Cultivar, GA4+7, and Number of Fruit per Spur on Flower Initiation in Apple

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 493C-493
Author(s):  
Emily Hoover ◽  
S. McArtney ◽  
S. Tustin ◽  
M. White ◽  
P. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Appendage Formation ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Experiments were initiated to document the effect of cultivar, GA4+7, and number of fruit/spur on appendage number and flower bud initiation in apple. `Pacific Rose' is strongly biennial, `Braeburn' and `Fuji' are moderately biennial, and `Royal Gala' is not biennial. In the cultivar study, buds were sampled every 18 days starting at 50 days after full bloom and continuing through until leaf fall to determine the rate of appendage formation and appendage number in relation to doming. Because of the tendency for `Pacific Rose' to exhibit biennial bearing, the rate of appendage formation and the timing of doming were compared on nonfruiting trees, trees carrying a commercial crop, and trees sprayed with 300 PPM GA4+7 applied 14 days after full bloom. Number of appendages for the treatments were similar up to 100 days after full bloom. Presence of fruit on a spur has been demonstrated to inhibit flowering of apple. Spurs of `Pacific Rose', `Splendor', and `Royal Gala' were labeled with zero, one, two, and three fruit per spur and sampled three times during the season. As buds were harvested to count appendage number, the number of fruit per spur and the number of total seeds per spur were recorded. Correlation between number of seeds per spur and rate of appendage formation were done.

Enhancing selenium concentration in lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) through foliar application

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. RAHMAN ◽  
W. ERSKINE ◽  
M. A. MATERNE ◽  
L. M. MCMURRAY ◽  
P. THAVARAJAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
The World ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
Evaluation Trial

SUMMARYSelenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human and animal health. Globally, more than one billion people are Se deficient due to low dietary Se. Low dietary intake of Se can be improved by Se supplementation, food fortification and biofortification of crops. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris) is a popular cool-season food legume in many parts of the world; it is naturally rich in Se and therefore has potential for Se biofortification. An Se foliar application experiment at two locations and a multi-location trial of 12 genotypes at seven locations were conducted from April to December 2011 in South Australia and Victoria, Australia. Foliar application of a total of 40 g/ha of Se as potassium selenate (K2SeO4) – 10 g/ha during full bloom and 30 g/ha during the flat pod stage – increased seed Se concentration from 201 to 2772 μg/kg, but had no effect on seed size or seed yield. Consumption of 20 g of biofortified lentil can supply all of the recommended daily allowance of Se. After Se foliar application, cultivars PBA Herald XT (3327 μg/kg), PBA bolt (3212) and PBA Ace (2957 μg/kg) had high seed Se concentrations. These cultivars may be used in lentil biofortification. In the genotypic evaluation trial, significant genotype and location variation was observed for seed Se concentration, but the interaction was not significant. In conclusion, foliar application of Se as K2SeO4 is an efficient agronomic approach to improve seed Se concentration for lentil consumers and there is also scope for genetic biofortification in lentil.

Regulating Valencia orange crops with CEPA (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) - preliminary studies

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
T GallaschP
Keyword(s):  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Valencia Orange

The effects of chemicals on fruitlet thinning of Valencia oranges were studied in two experiments at Loxton, South Australia. In the first experiment 50 p.p.m. 245T, 2000 p.p.m. N.A.A. and 250 or 1000 p.p.m. CEPA all caused significant thinning but 245T had phytotoxic effects. In the second experiment with several concentrations of CEPA, both 524 and 1048 p.p.m. caused significant leaf and fruitlet drop, whereas 262 p.p.m. caused a significant reduction of 55 per cent in mature fruit yield without any significant leaf fall.

scholarly journals AUTUMN EHTREL SPRAYS ON PEACHES; OBSERVATIONS OF WINTER HARDINESS AND BLOOM

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1111c-1111
Author(s):  
Keith Patterson ◽  
Curt R. Rom ◽  
Robert Bourne ◽  
John C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Bloom Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Previous Autumn

Ethrel sprays were applied at 50 or 100 ppm at approximately 40%, 70% leaf fall (10/16/89 or 10/24/89, respectively) or at both times on `Redhaven' and `Allgold' peaches. Bud hardiness was determined biweekly by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Stage and percentage of bloom open during the bloom period were subjectively estimated.Spraying trees with 100ppm Ethrel at 50% leaf fall significantly increased bud hardiness at mid-winter compared to other treatments. After a mid-winter freeze (-21.7 C on 12/21/89), there was no significant difference between % bud survival of any treatments. But, trees treated with 50 or 100ppm Ethrel had 10-20% better bud survival than other treatments. Buds of the 2 cultivars had statistically similar hardiness although DTA analysis indicated that Redhaven had a .5-.8 C lower freezing point than Allgold in mid winter. This trend was reversed close to bloom with Allgold having .7 C lower freezing point than Redhaven. The time of full bloom was significantly delayed by treating trees with 100ppm at 40% leaf fall or 50ppm at both 40 and 70% leaf fall the previous autumn.

scholarly journals Cropping Effects on Flower Development of `Royal Gala' Apple

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 506B-506
Author(s):  
Peter M. Hirst ◽  
Wendy M. Cashmore
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Vegetative Buds

Spurs were collected periodically throughout three growing seasons from the 1-year-old section of wood of `Royal Gala' trees growing in New Zealand. Three classes of spurs were sampled: purely vegetative spurs, those that flowered but did not carry fruit, and spurs on which a single fruit was borne. The bourse bud, in which flowers may form for the following year's crop, was dissected and bud appendages classified and counted. In addition, axillary buds from current-season shoots were sampled and dissected. Over the period 50–200 days after full bloom, the number of appendages in buds on vegetative spurs increased from ≈14 to 22, whereas the increase in buds on fruiting spurs was 14 to 20. In contrast, axillary bud appendage numbers increased from ≈11 to 14 over this period. By the end of the growing season, flowers were evident in a high proportion of buds of all classes. The critical appendage number at which the change from a vegetative to floral status became visible was ≈18 for spurs on 1-year-old wood, but 13 for axillary buds. The time at which flowers were able to form varied among years. The degree of flower differentiation that occurred prior to leaf fall was highest in vegetative buds and was reduced by flowering and fruiting, and was lowest in axillary buds.

Mission Tracks in the Bush

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Gemma Tulud Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
History Of

Christian missionaries played an important role in the Australian nation building that started in the nineteenth century. This essay explores the multifaceted and complex cultural encounters in the context of two aboriginal missions in Australia in the nineteenth century. More specifically, the essay explores the New Norcia mission in Western Australia in 1846-1900 and the Lutheran mission in South Australia in 1838-1853. The essay begins with an overview of the history of the two missions followed by a discussion of the key faces of the cultural encounters that occurred in the course of the missions. This is followed by theological reflections on the encounters in dialogue with contemporary theology, particularly the works of Robert Schreiter.

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