Sulfur supplementation of lupin grain diets fed to young sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
P. T. Doyle ◽  
A. J. M. Ritchie ◽  
M. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Summary. We examined the effects of supplementation of lupins with limestone or gypsum on liveweight change and wool production of young Merino wethers [age 10 months; starting liveweight (mean s.e.m.) 34.8 0.33 kg]. Lupins with the added compounds were fed in amounts estimated to provide metabolisable energy at 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times maintenance requirements. The remainder of the ration was cereal straw fed at 10% of the weight of lupins given. Lupins coated with limestone or gypsum had a dry matter digestibility of 880 g/kg, and contained (g/kg DM) nitrogen 56.1 v. 57.4, sulfur 2.3 v. 4.6 and calcium 7.9 v. 5.4 respectively. As the amount of the ration fed was increased, there were linear increases (P<0.001) in liveweight gain (–9 to 226 g/day), clean wool growth rate (5.3–10.2 g/day), and fibre diameter of wool grown (18.0–21.6 m). There were no significant differences between lupins coated with limestone or gypsum in liveweight change (97 v. 105 g/day) or clean wool growth rate (7.6 v. 7.5 g/day). While the addition of sulfur to the diet reduced fibre diameter of wool grown (19.4 v. 20.0 m; P<0.01), this is not consistent with the effects of increased sulfur amino acid supply which would be expected to increase fibre diameter. It is concluded that the supply of inorganic sulfur to ruminal organisms was not limiting production responses to lupins or that there were other more limiting nutrients.

Effects of differential grazing of annual pastures in spring and age of sheep on pasture and sheep production

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Thompson ◽  
M. W. Hyder ◽  
P. T. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships

Summary. The effects of controlled grazing through spring on the production of young (age 1 year; liveweight 38.3 ± 0.09 kg; condition score 3.0 ± 0.03) and mature (age 3 years; liveweight 61.9 ± 0.36 kg; condition score 3.1 ± 0.04) Merino wethers was examined. The grazing treatments involved adjusting sheep numbers to maintain green feed on offer near target amounts of 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400 and 2800 kg dry matter/ha. Liveweight and wool growth measurements were made on 8 sheep per plot, with additional animals added or removed as necessary to maintain pasture near the target feed on offer. Changes in wool-free liveweight were linear between days 0 and 42 (period 1), and days 42 and 111 (period 2) for both classes of sheep grazing low feed on offer treatments. Hoggets lost less liveweight than mature animals while grazing low feed on offer during period 1 and gained liveweight faster (P<0.05) than mature animals for any feed on offer during period 2. Curvilinear relationships existed between feed on offer and clean wool growth rate and fibre diameter, with feed on offer accounting for 65 and 81% of the variations in wool growth rate, and 65 and 73% of the variations in fibre diameter, for hogget and mature sheep respectively. There was no significant difference in wool growth rate between animal classes. Annual clean wool production, fibre diameter and staple length increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing feed on offer. Staple strength was higher (P<0.05) in mature sheep compared with hoggets, but was greater than 30 N/ktex for both classes of sheep irrespective of feed on offer. These results indicate that intensive grazing in spring to predetermined feed on offer is a useful tactic for manipulation of wool growth and fibre diameter, but factors other than feed on offer also contribute to liveweight change and wool growth.

Supplementation of young Merino sheep grazing annual pastures with lupin, barley grain, or silage

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Gardner ◽  
PT Doyle ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
R Hetherington ◽  
P Spicer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Fleece Weight

We examined the effects on liveweight change and wool production of supplements of lupin, barley grain, or silage given to Merino weaners (age 5-7 months; starting weight about 30 kg) grazing dry annual pastures. In experiment 1, each supplement was offered at 5 rates (g/sheep.day): lupin, air-dry, 75-450; barley, air-dry, 80-480; silage, fresh, 430-2580. Sheep on all treatments gained weight in the first 29 days of supplementary feeding, with no effect of rate of supplementation (lupin 97 g/day; barley 57 g/day; silage 74 g/day). Those receiving no supplement also gained weight (40 g/day). Different supplements were not compared because the energy levels of lupin and barley were not measured. Over the next 48 days, liveweight changes increased (P<0.001) linearly with rate of feeding of lupin (25 � 2.1 g/100 g) and barley (12 � 0.8 g/100 g). The trend with silage (11 � 5.0 g/kg) was not significant. Taken over the 77 days, liveweight changes increased (P<0.01) linearly with rate of feeding for lupin (20 �. 1.8 g/100 g), barley (8 �. 1.7 g/100 g), and silage (10 �. 2 g/kg). There were no significant (P>0.05) differences associated with the rate of supplementation for annual clean fleece weight (lupin 3.43 kg, barley 3.37 kg, silage 3.30 kg) or mean fibre diameter of the 12-month fleece (lupin 22.2 �m, barley 22.6 �m, silage 22.1 �m). In experiment 2, sheep were given no supplement, lupin, barley, or lupin and barley mixtures (metabolisable energy ratio, 1:3,1:1,3:1). All supplements increased liveweight change (P<0.01) and clean wool growth rates (P<0.05) compared with no supplement. There was also a trend towards an increase in total wool grown by supplemented sheep (3.8 - 4.00 v. 3.73 kg). Liveweight change during the first 71 days of feeding increased (P<0.01) as the proportion of lupin in the supplement increased, with no effects in the final 70 days of supplementation. During supplementation, clean wool growth rate increased (P<0.05) as the proportion of lupin in the mixture increased, but there was no significant effect on the total amount of wool grown over 12 months or on mean fibre diameter. Supplements resulted in increased (P<0.001) staple strength when compared with controls (21-25 v. 14 N/ktex).

The effect of dietary concentrations of digestible energy on the performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
P. D. Mullaney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

SUMMARYFifty-four pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age were allocated at an average weight of 5·4 kg to two experiments to examine the effects of diets having digestible energy (DE) concentrations ranging from 2910 to 3940 kcal/kg.In the first experiment pig growth performance and the dry-matter digestibility of the experimental diets were measured between 3 and 8 weeks of age. The composition of the carcass at 8 weeks of age was correlated with the composition of various carcass joints.In the second experiment pig growth performance was measured over the live-weight range 5-4 to 20 kg.The findings were:1. Growth rate was linearly related to DE intake.2. The optimum DE level for maximum growth was 3640 kcal/kg.3. The efficiency of utilization of DE for growth did not vary in the first experiment but was poorest at a DE concentration of 3245 kcal/kg in the second.4. The DE content of the diet had no significant effect on carcass characteristics at 8 weeks of age in the first experiment or at 20 kg live weight in the second.5. The proportion of fat and lean in the 8-week carcass was significantly (P < 0·01) correlated with that of the shoulder joint.

Wool growth regulation by local skin cooling

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
J. G. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Skin Cooling

Local cooling of the skin, produced by exposure to wind was shown to depress the rate of length growth of wool. The depression was associated with reductions in skin temperature and blood flow and with increases in heat transfer in the exposed regions. Fibre diameter did not appear to be affected and there were no indications of a systemic response of wool growth rate to exposure.

The influence of abomasal supplements of methionine on wool growth of wheat-fed sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Reis ◽  
DA Tunks
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Sheep receiving a diet consisting solely of wheat (500 g/day), supplemented with a mineral mixture, were given abomasal infusions of varying amounts of DL-methionine (1.5–6.0 g/day) or of L-cystine (5 g/day). Other sheep received DL-methionine as a supplement to a roughage diet. All levels of methionine infused caused a decrease in the mass of wool grown by sheep consuming the wheat diet. This effect was greatest with 6 g methionine and was due mainly to a considerable depression of fibre diameter. Smaller amounts of methionine decreased fibre diameter and increased length growth rate. The infusion of methionine caused a considerable weakening of the wool grown by most of the sheep, with the result that a 'break' was observed in the fleece after about 1 week of methionine administration. This effect occurred with all levels of methionine but was more pronounced with 6 g/day. The abomasal infusion of cystine (5 g/day) caused little change in the mass of wool grown, but fibre diameter was decreased slightly. There were no appreciable effects on the strength of wool fibres and no wool was shed. Supplementation of the roughage diet (400 g/day) with methionine at 2 g/day stimulated wool growth, whereas with 6 or 10 g/day the mass of wool grown was unchanged but fibre diameter was markedly reduced. The strength of wool fibres was not markedly influenced by methionine infusions on this diet. The levels of amino acids in blood plasma and in abomasal digesta indicated that the mixture of amino acids absorbed was similar with both the roughage and the wheat diets.

Fibre diameter and staple strength of sheep selected for divergent clean fleece weight when subjected to an increase in intake or an increase in intake and diet change

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Friend ◽  
G. E. Robards
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Merino wethers with a high (fleece plus, Fl+) or low (fleece minus, Fl–) potential for wool growth were offered a restricted intake of either oat grain or lucerne chaff for 8 weeks followed by ad libitum lucerne chaff for 4 weeks. The Fl– sheep that were fed oats then lucerne had a lower (P < 0.05) intake during the first 2 weeks of ad libitum feeding than all other groups. Staple strength of Fl+ sheep (37.5 ± 2.2 N/ktex) was less (P < 0.05) than that of Fl– sheep (44.5 ± 2.4 N/ktex), and dietary treatment did not significantly affect staple strength. Wool growth rate was unaffected by dietary treatment, but was greater (P < 0.001) for Fl+ (6.4 ± 0.2 µg/mm2.day) than for Fl– (4.0 ± 0.2 µg/mm2.day) sheep. Along-fibre variation in diameter was greater (P < 0.001) in Fl+ (15.6 ± 0.5%) than in Fl– (9.9 ± 0.5%) sheep. Between-fibre variation in diameter was greater (P < 0.001) in Fl+ (16.5 ± 0.5%) than in Fl– (13.2 ± 0.5%) sheep, and between-fibre variation in diameter was affected (P < 0.05) by dietary treatment in Fl+ sheep. Staple strength was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with along-fibre variation in diameter (r = –0.48), and stepwise regression analysis indicated that along-fibre variation in diameter, wool growth rate during early restricted feeding, and minimum fibre diameter explained 63% of the variance in staple strength. The results are discussed in relation to the lower staple strength of Fl+ sheep.

The effects of various forms of gastrointestinal cannulation on digestive measurements in sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MacRae ◽  
S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

1.There was little difference in digestive (voluntary food intake, dry matter digestibility and nitrogen balance) and blood measurements (venous concentrations of corticosteroids, serum aspartate aminotransferase (EC2.6.1.1), protein-bound iodine, urea and glucose) of intact sheep (eight animals) and of sheep prepared with rumen cannulas (sixteen animals) and subsequently with either simple 'T-shaped' (eight animals) or re-entrant cannulas (eight animals) at the duodenum and ileum, when fedad lib.a chopped, medium-quality-hay ration.2.Wool growth rates of the intact sheep were similar to those in sheep with rumen cannulas and with rumen cannulas plus simple 'T-shaped' cannulas, but higher (P < 0-01) than those with rumen cannulas plus re-entrant cannulas.3.When the sheep were subsequently given a restricted intake (800 g/d) of dried grass, retention times of solid- and liquid-phase digesta markers in the rumen and caecum were similar in all sheep.4.The use of the different preparations in digestive physiology studies is discussed.

Cutting Management Effects on Growth Rate and Dry Matter Digestibility of the Sorghum‐Sudangrass Cultivar Sudax SX‐11 1

1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned C. Edwards ◽  
Henry A. Fribourg ◽  
M. J. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Management Effects

Effects of perennial ryegrass cultivar, duration of lock up and nitrogen fertiliser application on dairy pasture dry matter yield and quality for silage in south-western Victoria

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
F. R. McKenzie ◽  
G. N. Ward ◽  
G. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Western Victoria

A study in south-western Victoria determined effects of 3 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars (Vedette, Impact and Nevis) with differing maturities, duration of lock up and nitrogen (N) application on the dry matter yield and nutritive characteristics of pasture for silage. Treatments were cultivar (3), N (0 and 50 kg N/ha) and duration of lock up (5–10 weeks) arranged in a completely randomised design in 3 by 5 m plots replicated 3 times. Plots were mown to a uniform height (5 cm) on 14 September 1998 (first day of lock up) and 1 week later N was applied as urea (46% N) at either 0 or 50 kg N/ha to the respective plots. Weekly sampling commenced on 19 October (week 5 of lock up), and continued until 23 November. For each treatment and harvest date, dry matter yield and botanical composition were determined, and samples of total pasture and the ryegrass fraction were collected and chemically analysed for dry matter digestibility, concentrations of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, water-soluble carbohydrates and minerals. Metabolisable energy was derived from dry matter digestibility. All pasture types were predominantly ryegrass (>90%) with no differences in the nutritive characteristics of total pasture swards or the respective ryegrass fraction. Nitrogen at 50 kg N/ha significantly (P<0.05) increased dry matter yield for all cultivars. Metabolisable energy (MJ/kg DM) of the pasture declined with time for all treatments, with Vedette having a significantly (P<0.05) greater rate of decline than the other cultivars. Vedette reached early ear emergence about 3 weeks earlier (week 7) than the other cultivars. The harvestable metabolisable energy yield (MJ/ha) at ear emergence was highest for Impact, followed by Nevis and Vedette. In conclusion, there is potential to use later-maturing cultivars of ryegrass in south-eastern Australia to allow for later harvesting of forage for silage, while maintaining metabolisable energy and maximising dry matter yields. Furthermore, the use of N fertiliser can also increase dry matter yields without impinging on pasture quality provided the time between N application and harvest date does not exceed 5–6 weeks.

Whole wheat grain feeding of Merino ewes. 3. Influence of level of wheat and vitamin A on wool growth in pregnancy and lactation

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (78) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR McManus ◽  
JA Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Wool Yield ◽  
The Relationship

In experiment 1, ewes were fed three levels of wheat in pens, with or without vitamin A, from joining to weaning. The wheat levels ranged from 3.4 to 4.6 kg head-1 week-1. Control groups were run on native pasture. In experiment 2 three levels of wheat, which ranged from 3.9 to 7.1 kg head-1 week-1. were fed to ewes from joining to weaning. At each wheat level two groups were fed wheat in pens (wheat/ pen); another group was fed wheat in small paddocks (wheat/paddock). One of the wheat/pen groups received vitamin A. A control group was run at pasture. Vitamin A had no effect on wool traits except on wool yield in experiment 2. Clean wool weight and staple length increased linearly with increasing wheat intakes in both experiments. The relationship between fibre diameter and wheat level was linear in experiment 1 and curvilinear in experiment 2. In experiment 2 there were differences between wheat/pen and wheat/paddock groups in all the wool traits measured. In experiment 1, wool growth rate was reduced by 40 per cent in the wheat groups and by 44 per cent in the pasture groups during late pregnancy and lactation. In experiment 2, compared with early pregnancy, wool growth rate was reduced by 11 per cent and 31 per cent in the wheat groups during late pregnancy and lactation respectively.

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