Effect of autumn deferment of grazing on subsequent growth, botanical composition and quality of two types of irrigated pasture

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
KR King
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
June July

An experiment was carried out at Kyabram in 1979 to determine the effects of varying the time of pasture closure in autumn on subsequent growth and changes in botanical composition and herbage quality of two types of irrigated perennial pasture, one based on ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) and the other on paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum). There were six dates of closure, ranging from early April to mid-May. Mean daily growth rates (kg dry matter/ha) for ryegrass-white clover-dominant and paspalum dominant pastures were 22.8 and 6.2 in May, 16.7 and 8.9 in June, and 11.0 and 1.6 in July respectively. Variations in pasture growth throughout the late autumn-winter period were associated with date of closure and pasture type. For each additional day by which date of closure was deferred, daily growth of the sward was reduced by 0.7 kg dry matter/ha in May, while it was increased by 0.2 kg dry matter/ha in July. Herbage digestibility was lowest in May and increased throughout the experiment. For each day by which date of closure was deferred, digestibility of the herbage on offer was reduced by 0.51, 0.16 and 0.07 units in May, June and July respectively. In addition, the digestibility of the paspalum pasture was 0.7, 1.8, 2.1 and 1.4 percentage units lower than that of the ryegrass white clover pasture in May, June, July and August respectively; however, this difference was significant only in July. The difference in productivity between the two types of pasture suggested that an advantage could be gained by renovating paspalum dominant pastures rather than saving such pastures from autumn for the dairy herd in spring.

Effects of pasture type and grazing management in autumn on the performance of dairy cows in late lactation and on subsequent pasture productivity

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (126) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

An experiment at Kyabram, Victoria, studied the effects of pasture allowance on the production of grazing dairy cows in late lactation (autumn). Cows strip-grazed paspalum dominant or ryegrass-white clover perennial pastures for 60 d from March to May. Mean pasture allowances were 23.2, 13.3 or 6.9 kg digestible dry matter/cow.d. Reduced pasture allowance during late lactation reduced milk yield and body condition. This occurred because pasture intake was positively related to pasture allowance. Each additional kilogram of dry matter (DM) eaten produced 0.93 kg milk and 0.045 kg milk fat. Cows grazing ryegrass-white . clover pastures produced more milk and milk products at equivalent DM intakes than did cows grazing paspalum dominant pastures, and they were in better condition. This was due to herbage quality: cows grazing ryegrass-white clover pastures were able to select higher quality diets than could those grazing paspalum dominant pastures. When the results were compared with those from two previous stall-feeding experiments, the marginal efficiencies for milk production in all experiments were not significantly different; an extra 1.19 kg fat corrected milk was produced for each additional kilogram of digestible dry matter of pasture eaten. . The pastures were not grazed from May to September but their growth and quality were measured during this period. The amount of pasture left at drying off influenced the growth and quality of the pastures throughout winter: daily growth declined by 3.31 kg DM/ha between May and July, and by 6 56 kg DM/ha between July and September, as herbage yield at drying off (May) increased by each additional tonne of DM per hectare. Also, the ryegrass-white clover pastures grew more herbage at equivalent DM yields than did the paspalum dominant pastures. The implications of these results for grazing management are discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of humic preparations on the productivity and quality of the crop of potato varieties with purple pulp of tubers

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
З.И. Усанова ◽  
С.Е. Прядеин
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spraying Plants

Представлены результаты исследований с новыми сортами картофеля в 2017-2019 годы на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой хорошо окультуренной почве в севообороте ИП Глава КФХ «Анкинович». Цель работы – выявить эффективность применения гуминовых препаратов для некорневых подкормок новых сортов картофеля с сине-пестрой и фиолетовой мякотью клубней при их возделывании по экологически безопасной технологии. В трехфакторном опыте изучали факторы: А – сорт: Скарб, Северное сияние, Аметист; В – фон минерального питания: 1 – NPK на урожай 30 т/га, 2 – NPK на урожай 40 т/га; С – некорневые подкормки: 1 – вода (контроль), 2 – Гуматадор, 3 – Гумат+7, при высоте растений 15-20 см и в фазу бутонизации. Сорт Северное сияние имеет сине-пеструю; Аметист – фиолетовую мякоть клубней. Исследования выполнены по существующим современным методикам. В результате изучения особенностей роста и развития не выявлено существенных различий между сортами и вариантами некорневых подкормок в прохождении фаз развития. Разница в показаниях не превышала 1-2 дней. Применение гуминовых препаратов повышает суточные приросты клубней, клубнеобразование, массу клубней с одного растения, крупность клубней и урожайность сортов картофеля. Наибольший прирост урожая обеспечивают некорневые подкормки препаратом Гумат+7: на умеренном фоне в среднем по сортам 5,63 т/га (14,9%), на оптимальном – 13,55 т/га (32,24%). Наибольшая урожайность, в среднем за три года, (62,4 т/га) получена у сорта Аметист на оптимальном фоне при опрыскивании растений препаратом Гумат+7. Гуминовые препараты повышали содержание питательных веществ в клубнях: на умеренном фоне в большей мере Гуматадор, на оптимальном – Гумат+7.Более высоким содержанием сухого вещества и крахмала в клубнях отличался сорт Северное сияние, сырого протеина – сорта Скарб и Аметист. Увеличение доз NPK на оптимальном фоне повышает содержание сырого протеина в клубнях на 0,82% и незначительно снижает содержание сухого вещества (на 0,13%) и крахмала (на 0,1%). The results of studies with new varieties of potatoes in 2017–2019 are presented. on sod-podzolic light loamy well-cultivated soil in the crop rotation IP, Head of the Ankinovich farm. The purpose of the work is to identify the effectiveness of using humic preparations for foliar feeding of new varieties of potatoes with blue-motley and purple pulp of tubers when cultivating them using environmentally friendly technology. In three factorial experiments, factors were studied: A – varieties: Scarb, Severnoye siyanie, Ametist; В – background of mineral nutrition: 1– NPK for yield 30 t/ha, 2 – NPK for yield 40 t/ha; C – foliar top dressing: 1 – water (control), 2 – Gumatador, 3 – Gumat + 7, with a plant height of 15-24 cm and in the budding phase. The Severnoye siyanie variety has a blue-motley; Ametist – purple tuber pulp. The studies were performed according to existing modern methods. As a result of the study of growth and development features, no significant differences were found between varieties and variants of non-root feedings in the course of development phases. The difference in readings did not exceed 1-2 days. The use of humic preparations increases the daily growth of tubers, tuberization, the mass of tubers from 1 plant, the size of tubers and the yield of potato varieties. The highest yield increases are provided by non-root fertilizing with Gumat + 7: on a moderate background, the average for varieties is 5.63 t/ha (14.9%), on an optimal one – 13.55 t/ha (32.24%). The maximum yield, on average for 3 years, (62.4 t/ha) was obtained for the amethyst variety on an optimal background when spraying plants with Gumat + 7. Humic preparations increased the content of nutrients in tubers: on a moderate background, more Gumatador, on an optimal background – Gumat + 7. The Severnoye Siyanie variety had a higher content of dry matter and starch in the tubers, while the raw protein varieties were Skarb and Ametist under increasing NPK doses on optimal background.

Simulating change in cattle liveweight during the transition period in a dry monsoonal climate

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Ive
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The change in liveweight of tropical crossbred steers grazing Townsville stylo or mixed Townsville stylo–sabi grass pastures was recorded for 3 years during the annual transition period between the dry and wet seasons, a period commonly associated with a loss of liveweight. The experiment was conducted at Katherine, Northern Territory (14.3°S., 132.3°E.). A non-linear regression model was developed relating weekly changes in liveweight to the quantity of living fodder on offer at the commencement of the week and to the rainfall for the week. The model was used to estimate the mean start and duration of the period during which the rate of gain in liveweight is below the dry season rate, on the basis of local meteorological data covering 25 years. Predictions from the model were compatible with previous findings. The root mean square error of the model increased when the yield of either nitrogen, phosphorus or total digestible nutrient was substituted for the yield of living dry matter. Therefore the difference in yield of living dry matter, rather than its botanical composition, accounted for the different rates of gain in liveweight recorded on the two pasture treatments. Consequently the inclusion of the perennial sabi grass allowed higher gains in liveweight (or less loss) because of the higher growth rate (and therefore greater living dry matter yield) of the perennial grass compared with the annual Townsville stylo. Furthermore it is suggested that predictions from the model could apply to other pasture species provided that the quality of juvenile growth during the transition period is relatively constant.

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards VI. The effects of different closeness and frequency of cutting treatments on the yield and quality of herbage from a cocksfoot/white clover sward

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYYields and quality of herbage from a cocksfoot/white clover sward were compared over a 3-year period when cut repeatedly with a reeiprocating-blade mower to either 1 in or 2½ in from ground level or with a cylinder lawnmower to 1 in from ground level. The comparisons were made under two frequencies of cutting, namely five times per season at the ‘grazing’ stage, or three times at the ‘silage’ stage.Cutting to 1 in from ground level with the reciprocating-blade mower gave a greater total yield of dry matter and crude protein than did cutting to 2½ in with the same mower in the first year, when the average dry-matter yield difference was 10·7 %, but no significant differences were recorded in subsequent years. It is suggested that the difference noted in the first year was due mainly to the harvesting at the first cut in the season of the layer of herbage between 1 and 2½ in from ground level, and not to any differential effects of the treatments on stem and leaf development of the cocksfoot.Cutting to 1 in from ground level with the lawnmower gave smaller dry-matter yields than did cutting to 1 in with the reciprocating-blade mower at both stages of growth in the first year, but a slightly greater yield at the ‘grazing’ stage in the third year. The type of mower used affected the botanical composition of the sward.

Management of natural Kentucky bluegrass-white clover pasture

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Murphy ◽  
Joshua P. Silman ◽  
Lisa E. McCrory ◽  
Sarah E. Flack ◽  
Abdon L. Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Plant Components

AbstractManagement recommendations are needed f or low-input (no N fertilizer) Kentucky bluegrass-dominant/white clover swards, particularly to increase or maintain white clover content. We applied treatments involving different amounts of forage present pre- and postgrazing, with and without harrowing and soil aeration, to a well-established, naturally seeded pasture grazed by dairy cows. Pregrazing dry matter was 2350 or 2700 kg/ha (about 10 or 15 cm tall). Postgrazing dry matter was 1100 or 1575 kg/ha (about 2.5 or 5 cm tall). The sward was composed mainly of Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass, quackgrass, timothy, white clover, dandelion, and chicory. Soil aeration and harrowing did not affect botanical composition, plant components, or forage yield. Pre- and postgrazing mass (total forage dry matter per unit area) did not affect botanical composition or plant components, but did influence total forage yield. White clover tended to increase under all pasture-mass treatments. During the second year the lowest postgraz- ing mass produced the most forage (mean: 6685 kg DM/ha). Forage quality of all treatments was excellent (seasonal means: 26% crude protein; 1.6 Meal net energy lactation/kg DM).

scholarly journals Budidaya ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) sistem akuaponik dengan padat penebaran berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwis Darwis ◽  
Joppy D. Mudeng ◽  
Sammy N.J. Londong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
The Difference

This research aimed to determine the stocking density that support the best growth and survival rate of carp cultivated in aquaponic systems, and to study the water quality of carp culture with different stocking densities in aquaponic systems. The study used 12 aquaria measuring 40x40x40 cm each (water volume of 50 liters). The experimental fish are carp (Cyprinus carpio) weighing in average of 3.5 g/individual.  The fish were cultivated with different stocking densities as treatment, including A = 4; B = 7; C = 10 and D = 13 individuals/aquarium.  The fish were fed with pellet at 5%/body weight/day with a feeding frequency of two times a day. The study was conducted for 4 weeks. Data consisting of daily growth, survival and water quality parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) were measured once a week. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA. The results of the study showed that the difference in stocking density had no significant effect on the growth and survival of carp.  Water quality was in a reasonable range to support the growth and survival of carp cultivated with aquaponic systems.Keywords: cultivation, carp, aquaponics, stocking density, growth

Effect of pre-utilisation and harvest time on the quantity and quality of fodder on extensive pastures

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bajnok ◽  
L. Szemán ◽  
J. Tasi
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
June July

No significant studies have yet been reported in Central Europe on the yield and quality of winter harvest pastures. The aim of the research was to collect information about the effect of pre-utilisation (June, July and August) and winter harvest date (November, December, January) on the quantity and quality of fodder from Festuca arundinacea stands. The dry matter, energy, ADF, ADL and ergosterol contents of the yield were examined and it was found that: 1. A shorter regeneration period between harvests resulted in lower dry matter levels, but also in a higher energy concentration and lower ergosterol concentration. 2. The yield and energy concentrations decreased, whereas the ADF, ADL and ergosterol concentrations increased as the winter progressed. 3. Fodder harvested in November produced the best results in terms of yield quantity and quality. The highest yield and energy values were thus achieved by harvesting in November, regardless of pre-utilisation. Despite the cold and the long period of snow cover, the energy values of samples harvested in December and January showed no significant decrease. The weather conditions were more important for fodder quantity and quality than the frequency or date of harvesting. Thus, under the continental climatic conditions in Hungary, extensive utilisation, until late November or early December, is recommended.

Quality of potatoes in relation to soil and season I. The content of dry matter

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wager
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Difference

The dry-matter content of about 260 samples of potatoes was determined. The samples were collected over three seasons and from many types of soil.The average dry-matter content of a variety varied from season to season, but it always bore an approximately constant relationship to the average value of other varieties.Wet seasons led to potatoes low in dry matter.The variation in the content of dry matter of potatoes in different seasons and from different soil types is not a direct effect of the water balance of the tubers.The average content of dry matter of potatoes depends on the soil in which they were grown; fen and blackland gave potatoes with the lowest dry matter, followed by skirt, silt and warp, then loam and medium loam, then clay, and the highest dry matter occurred in stocks grown in sands, gravels or light loams.The difference between the soils is discussed, and it is tentatively concluded that the factor responsible for the variation in content of dry matter of the potatoes is the available water content of the soils.

scholarly journals Liveweight changes in lambs grazing six perennial ryegrass cultivars

1999 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
C.T. Westwood ◽  
M.G. Norriss
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Research Organisation ◽  
Clover Content

Liveweight changes were measured for lambs grazing six high endophyte perennial ryegrasses, in a grazing experiment run by an independent research organisation in Canterbury, New Zealand. Ryegrass cultivars were sown under code in a binary mix with white clover in February 1997. Plots were strategically irrigated to avoid moisture stress, and stocked at approximately 27 Coopworth ewe lambs per ha in May 1997. Common pasture residual mass was maintained across cultivars by strategic addition of extra lambs, with extra grazing days recorded for each replicate. Lamb liveweight gains and botanical composition of replicates were assessed quarterly. Lamb liveweight gains differed significantly between treatments in Years 1 and 2 of this ongoing 3 year study. Lambs grazing 'Quartet' tetraploid perennial ryegrass gained, on average, 37.4 kg and 36.1 kg liveweight during Years 1 and 2 respectively, and together with 'Aries HD' (35.0 and 35.9 kg) produced significantly greater liveweight gain compared with 'Grasslands Nui' (22.0 and 23.7 kg) and 'Bronsyn' (22.5 and 24.1 kg), LSD0.05 = 6.0 and 7.4. Lambs grazing 'Embassy' gained 31.6 kg and 28.7 kg, and 'Vedette' 29.8 kg and 28.0 kg. Extra grazing days expressed as a percentage of base grazing days were between 3.8 and 6.7% across cultivars for Year 1 and between 2.0 and 6.5% across cultivars for Year 2. This study demonstrated significant differences in animal productivity between perennial ryegrass cultivars that produce comparable yields of dry matter. Differences may reflect variation in forage quality, endophyte toxins, clover content in the sward or other unidentified cultivar characteristics. Keywords: digestibility, endophyte, lamb, liveweight, perennial ryegrass, tetraploid

scholarly journals Annual dry matter, metabolisable energy and nitrogen yields of six dryland pastures six and seven years after establishment

2010 ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mills ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Lincoln University

Dry matter (DM) yields, botanical composition, liveweight production and pasture quality of six grazed dryland pastures established in 2002 at Lincoln University, Canterbury, are reported for Years 6 (2007/08) and 7 (2008/09). Lucerne (Medicago sativa) yielded 14.0 t DM/ha/yr and sheep liveweight (LW) production totalled 903 (2007/08) and 1 141 kg/ha/yr (2008/09). Metabolisable energy (ME) on offer (~134 GJ/ha/yr) and N yield (>500 kg/ha/yr) from the lucerne exceeded those of grass-based pastures. Yields (9.8- 11.2 t DM/ha/yr) and liveweight production (814-912 kg/ha/yr) from cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) pastures established with subterranean (Trifolium subterraneum) clover were greater than all other grass-based pastures. Annual ME was 79-96 GJ/ha and N yield was 269- 316 kg/ha from the cocksfoot, subterranean clover and volunteer white clover (T. repens) components. For Year 7, the contribution of unsown weeds and grasses in cocksfoot-based pastures was ~28% of total annual yield compared with 55% in ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/ white clover pastures. Consequently, the ME and N yields from sown pasture components in ryegrass/white clover pastures were lower than those from cocksfootbased pastures. These results indicate dryland farms with lucerne and/or cocksfoot/sub clover pastures can produce higher DM yields from more persistent pasture species. Persistence led to more ME and N on offer to grazing livestock, which resulted in higher liveweight production than from the ryegrass pastures. Keywords: balansa clover, Caucasian clover, growth rates, pasture quality, T. ambiguum, T. michelianum

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document