Yield and persistence of irrigated lucernes cut at different frequencies, at Tamworth, New South Wales.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Plant Persistence ◽  
Cutting Interval ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Three irrigated lucerne cultivars, Pioneer Brand 545 (winter dormant), Condura 73 Brand (semiwinter dormant), and CUF 101 (highly winter active), were harvested at fixed cutting intervals of either 25, 28 ,35, 42 or 48 days from September to April in each of four years. This paper reports the effects of these cutting frequencies on the dry matter yield, leaf to stem ratio and persistence of these cultivars. The effect of cutting frequency on mean total yield (the sum of the mean yields for each harvest) was significant (P<0.05) in each year of the experiment, except year 3. Yields were highest in the 35-day cutting frequency in years 1 and 2. In the fourth year of the experiment the mean total yield of Pioneer Brand 545 and Condura 73 Brand was 29% higher (P<0.05) than CUF 101. By the fourth year substantial amounts of grass were present in the 25- and 28-day cutting interval plots. The contrasts between dormant and active cultivars for the dry matter yield of each of the individual harvests were not consistent in the first two years. In the third and fourth years the active initially outyielded the dormant cultivars at all cutting intervals, but yields of both were generally similar at the end of the season. Increasing the interval between successive harvests generally decreased the mean leaf to stem ratio. The ratio of leaf to stem for CUF 101 was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that for Pioneer Brand 545, with Condura 73 Brand tending to be intermediate. Within cutting intervals, mean declines in plant persistence were similar for cultivars from the different dormancy groups. Largest changes in plant frequency occurred in the fourth year when the mean frequency for the 25- and 28-day plots decreased from 69 to 12% compared with a mean decline from 74 to 65% for the 42- and 48-day cutting intervals. Productive stand life in this experiment was 3 years, even though disease was negligible. Under these conditions grass invasion was mainly related to harvest interval and much less to cultivar dormancy.

Effects of superphosphate application and cutting interval on native pastures in the Clarence Valley, New South Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Garden ◽  
DR Brooks ◽  
J Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
New South ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Cutting Interval ◽  
Native Pastures

The effects of superphosphate rate (nil; 250 kg ha-l initial with 125 kg ha-1 maintenance; and 500 kg ha-1 initial with 250 kg ha-1 maintenance) and cutting interval (2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks) on dry matter yield, growth rate, botanical composition and chemical composition of native pastures on a sandstone soil in the Clarence Valley, New South Wales were studied over a period of three years. Mean annual dry matter yield of unfertilized native pasture was 990 kg ha-l and this was increased to 1322 kg ha-1 at the higher rate of superphosphate. Dry matter yield was depressed from 1587 to 647 kg ha-1 by decreasing cutting interval from 8 weeks to 2 weeks. Pasture growth was limited to the September to May period and 87 per cent of the total annual production occurred in summer and autumn. Maximum growth occurred in the February/March period, with 16.2 kg ha-1 day-1 being the maximum recorded for the unfertilized pasture and 19.9 kg ha-1 day-1 for pasture at the higher rate of superphosphate. Changes in botanical composition were neither large nor consistent. Phosphorus content of the native pasture averaged 0.12 per cent. Crude protein content averaged 7.4 per cent, with levels in standing herbage in winter-spring falling to 3 per cent. Phosphorus yield was 1.1 kg ha-1 year-1 and crude protein yield was 65.8 kg ha-1 year-1. Superphosphate increased phosphorus content and yield, and crude protein yield. Increasing cutting interval decreased phosphorus and crude protein contents but increased phosphorus and crude protein yields by its effect on dry matter yield. Maximum yields obtained were 3.3 kg ha-1 year-1 phosphorus and 100 kg ha-1 year-1 crude protein. It was concluded that the increases obtained would be insufficient to produce worthwhile improvements in animal production, and that an increase in the legume content of these pastures is required before this could occur.

Response of Glycine wightii to molybdenized superphosphate on a krasnozem

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Mears ◽  
B Barkus
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Nitrogen Yields

The nutrient requirements of Glycine wightii CV. Clarence were investigated on a krasnozem soil near Lismore, New South Wales. Glycine responded to molybdenum, phosphorus, sulphur, and lime when grown in glasshouse pots. Applied in combination, these nutrients increased dry matter yield of plant tops by a factor 2.4 and nitrogen yield by 3.9. A positive interaction between molybdenum and phosphorus was recorded. Growth of plant tops, roots, and nitrogen yield continued to increase in response to molybdenum applied at 0, 1.6, and 3.2 oa an acre. The lime X molybdenum interaction was negative, but lime increased dry matter yield of glycine in the presence of adequate molybdenum. When glycine was sown with Setaria anceps CV. Kazungula in the field, maximum response of glycine was obtained in the following season, by applying molybdenurr, at 6.5 oz and superphosphate at 8 hundredweight an acre at sowing. The response to fertilizer by glycine was not reflected in total yield of the pasture, due to the low proportion (14 per cent) of the legume in the sward. Glycine contributed only 15 lb of nitrogen an acre to the total sward yield of 85 lb an acre over fourteen months. The effect of the nutrient constituents of molybdenixed superphosphate, the problem of grass dominance and other factors were discussed in relation to the low dry matter and nitrogen yields of glycine grown on krasnoxem soil.

Dry matter production from irrigated winter forage crops in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Michalk ◽  
PA Witschi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Consequent Reduction

Between 1962 and 1964, 4 experiments were conducted at Leeton, New South Wales, Australia to examine the potential productivity of a range of irrigated winter forage crops in providing useful feed during the period of shortage in late autumn and early winter. In addition, the effects of sowing rate were examined for sowings using (a) prepared seedbeds or (b) sod-seeding into existing subterranean clover/Lolium rigidum cv. Wimmera pastures. DM yields at 74, 109, 144 or 173 days from sowing were compared with a subterranean clover/ryegrass control. Of the spp. evaluated the cereals were the most consistent both for initial production and subsequent regrowth. For the cruciferous spp. early cutting (100 days after sowing) proved detrimental to subsequent production, reducing the contribution of the sown spp. to 3% DM. Although the low proportion of the leguminous forages limited their potential production, they increased pasture quality relative to the clover/ryegrass control. DM production of wheat and rape increased with increasing sowing rate on (a) but for turnips there was a yield decline with increased sowing rate. Oats showed no response to sowing rate on (a), but increasing the sowing rate on (b) plots increased the proportion of oats in the pasture, although there was a consequent reduction in total yield. Increases in the contribution made by wheat to total yield as a result of increased sowing on (b) plots were small.

The effects of frequency of defoliation on the yield response of a perennial ryegrass sward to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cutting Frequency

SummaryIn a 3-year experiment on a sward of S. 23 perennial ryegrass 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer ranging from 0 to 897 kg/ha were applied annually on plots cut three, five or ten times per year. The cutting dates within each frequency were decided on the basis of herbage growth stage. Four-parameter exponential curves fitted to the herbage yield data show that the pattern of response to nitrogen application in the five cuts per year treatment was markedly similar to that reported for a previous experiment (Reid, 1970). Alterations in the cutting frequency affected the pattern of dry-matter yield response to nitrogen, but not that of crude-protein yield response. The combined effects of cutting frequency and nitrogen rate are illustrated by response surfaces fitted to the dry-matter yield results using an extension of the equation for the curves fitted to the individual frequency results. These surfaces show that as the number of cuts per year was increased the total yield and the response to nitrogen decreased, but the response was maintained to an increasingly high nitrogen rate. The practical implications of the results are discussed in relation to intensive grazing managements for dairy cows.

Lime responses by barley as related to available soil aluminium and manganese

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Conyers ◽  
MK Conyers ◽  
GJ Poile ◽  
GJ Poile ◽  
BR Cullis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Pyrocatechol Violet ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Extractable Al

Twenty-three surface soils (0-10 cm) sampled from major New South Wales lime trials were incubated at six lime rates, from 0 to 10 t/ha, and used in pot trials with barley (Hordeurn vulgare cv. Schooner) which was grown for five weeks. Each replicate pot was soil tested for exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Al), pH in 0.01 M CaCl2, and Al in the 0.01 M CaCl2 extract by pyrocatechol violet (total Al) and by reaction for 15 s in 8-hydroxyquinoline (monomeric Al). The latter was also converted to the activity of Al3 in the 0.01 M CaCl2 extract. The soil tests were compared for their prediction of the dry matter yield of whole tops of barley. The four tests for aluminium (exchangeable Al as Al/ECEC; total 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable Al; monomeric 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable Al; and Al3+ activity in 0.01 M CaCl2) were each better indicators of the infertility of the acid soils than soil pH. The prediction of the dry matter yield of barley by the four aluminium tests was improved by the inclusion of exchangeable soil manganese in the statistical analysis. The use of 0.01 M CaCl2 is recommended as a routine extraction procedure for diagnosing Al toxicity. Soil Mn should also be measured and included in correlations with barley growth. Pyrocatechol violet is the recommended analytical procedure for Al owing to its comparative simplicity.

The effect of herbicides, anhydrous ammonia and seed ing rate on winter production of oats sod-sown into grass dominant pasture

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Colman
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
South Wales

A factorial field experiment, comparing three rates of nitrogen as anhydrous ammonia, two seeding rates of oats, and the presence or absence of a herbicide applied to grass pastures before sod-seeding, was conducted at Kyogle, New South Wales in 1964. Plots were sown in mid-autumn and harvested in winter and early spring. Increased applications of nitrogen and the higher seeding rate increased both dry matter yield and total nitrogen content. Application of herbicide significantly increased yield at the low rates of nitrogen but not at the highest rate. Anhydrous ammonia at 120 lb of nitrogen an acre had no effect on the germination of oats seed and provided adequate nitrogen for growth of oats without the need for herbicide application or cultivation of the grass pasture. The results suggest that oats can be successfully sod-seeded into grass dominant pastures by using 120 lb of nitrogen as anhydrous ammonia and four bushels of oats an acre.

Adaptation of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) to coastal New South Wales. 2. Productivity under defoliation

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ferraris ◽  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Late Season ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pearl Millet Cultivars

The three pearl millet cultivars, Katherine Pearl, Tamworth and Tiflate, representing mid-season and late-season types, were grown at Camden, New South Wales (34�S). Crops were planted in November and December and subjected to cutting at heights of 10, 30 and 50 cm, at three- and six-weekly intervals, beginning six weeks after sowing. Harvested forage dry matter yield, both total and late-season, was highest under a lenient cutting regime. Late productivity was higher in late maturing varieties. The effect of delayed planting was to increase the yield and quality of late harvests, but not total yield. The yield of the hybrid Tiflate was low. Total harvested forage plus final stubble averaged 11,000 kg ha dry matter for the three cultivars. Forage quality, as assessed by leafiness, protein and organic matter digestibility, was high. With the exception of digestibility, quality was improved by intensive cutting. Late-season digestibility was insensitive to cutting treatment. Varieties differed little in quality attributes. Early dry matter content of all varieties was low, and could adversely affect animal productivity. The results indicated that for the realization of high, well distributed yields concomitant with quality, a tall stubble of about 30 cm, frequently harvested, was desirable. For late productivity, the use of a late-maturing variety can offset the effect of late planting.

Effects of herbicides on wallaby grass (Danthonia spp.) 1. Establishment

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
MG McMillan ◽  
AJ Schipp ◽  
AS Cook
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Tiller Stage ◽  
South Wales

Two experiments were conducted at Tamworth, New South Wales, to assess the effects of herbicides applied post-sowing pre-emergence, and at 2 post-emergence growth stages, on Danthonia (wallaby grass) dry matter yield, plant number, and plant phytotoxicity. Phytotoxicity was scored visually on a 0-5 scale (0, no phytotoxicity; 5, 100% phytotoxicity). In the post-sowing pre-emergence study, no Danthonia plants survived on plots sprayed with metribuzin (375 g a.i./ha), chlorsulfuron (45 g a.i./ha), or simazine (750 and 1500 g a.i./ha). Phytotoxicity was also high at lower rates of metribuzin (187.5 g a.i./ha) and chlorsulfuron (22.5 g a.i./ha). Dry matter yields and plant numbers on 2,4-D amine and ester treatments were not significantly different from those of unsprayed controls. On metsulfuron-methyl (3 and 6 g a.i./ha) and triasulfuron (21.4 g a.i./ha) treatments, plant numbers were similar to the controls, but Danthonia yields were lower (P<0.05). In seedling stands, the only herbicide that reduced (P<0.05) Danthonia dry matter yield compared with the unsprayed control plots was metsulfuron-methyl applied at 6, 12, and 18 g a.i./ha at the 2-4 tiller stage, and at 12 and 18 g a.i./ha at early stem elongation. At both times of application, Danthonia plant numbers were lowest (P<0.05) on the metsulfuron-methyl 12 and 18 g a.i./ha treatments. Phytotoxicity scores were >2 and highest (P<0.05) on all metsulfuron-methyl plots. These studies indicated that a range of chemicals could be used to control broadleaf weed seedlings, without damaging Danthonia seedlings.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on a kangaroo grass (Themeda australis) grassland

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (69) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
High Level

Three rates of nitrogen fertilizer and a standard superphosphate dressing were applied to a Themeda australis grassland with and without broadcast seed of Dactylis glomerata. Two cutting frequencies were imposed and dry matter yields and botanical composition were measured. T. australis responded to nitrogen, but the response was not sufficient for it to predominate over other species, particularly Poa labillardieri, as it had done under low fertility conditions. P. labillardieri yields increased markedly with increasing nitrogen rate. D. glomerata, which established only where nitrogen fertilizer was applied, substantially reduced the increase in P. labillardieri at the high level of nitrogen. Cutting frequency affected botanical composition in degree but not in kind. Both P. labillardieri and D. glomerata yielded less, but T. australis yielded more under more frequent cutting. For pasture improvement in wetter parts of the southern tablelands of New South Wales, it is important to establish a perennial grass at the beginning of the programme to reduce the growth of the undesirable tussock. P. labillardieri.

Effects of close cutting and nitrogen fertilizer on growth of a Siratro (Phaseolus atropurpureus) pasture at Samford, south-eastern Queensland

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Cutting Interval ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tropical Grass

Uninterrupted growth of Siratro (Phaseolus atropurpureus) in a Siratro-grass pasture was slow in spring, increased rapidly in mid-December, and attained a maximum growth rate of 79 lb dry matter an acre a day in February-March. The slow spring growth appeared to be associated with low temperatures. Yield and percentage of Siratro increased for at least 191 days after commencement of growth in spring. Yields of Siratro increased linearly from 1400 lb to 6500 lb dry matter an acre as the cutting interval increased from 4 to 16 weeks. Yields of other species declined as the cutting interval increased. With a 4-weekly cutting regime, the stand of Siratro was greatly reduced after one season. Lucerne subjected to the same treatment gave higher yields and the stand remained good. Urea reduced the mean yield of Siratro by 16 per cent and 33 per cent at the N,, and N,,, levels respectively, but increased total dry matter yields. The response of Siratro to cutting frequency was quite different from that reported for white clover. This difference may be of fundamental importance in the management of sub-tropical grass-legume pastures.

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