Evaluation of rootstocks for Marsh and Davis grapefruit in the Murray Region of New South Wales

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
KB Bevington ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
New South ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Troyer Citrange

The influence of 5 rootstocks (Parramatta sweet orange, trifoliate orange, Troyer citrange, Appleby Smooth Seville and Somersby Smooth Seville) on the productivity and fruit quality of Marsh and Davis grapefruit was studied over 15 years in the Lower Murray region of New South Wales. Annual yields of mature trees and cumulative yield were highest on Troyer citrange; cumulative yield was lowest on trifoliate orange. Canopy volume was largest on Troyer citrange and smallest on trifoliate orange. Production efficiency (fruit yield per unit of tree size) was significantly greater on trifoliate orange than all other rootstocks. Canopy volume was 44% smaller on trifoliate orange than on Troyer citrange, but cumulative yield was only 26% lower. Because of their small size and high production efficiency, trees on trifoliate orange would be suitable for high density plantings. Trifoliate orange produced the best quality fruit. Fruit from trees on trifoliate orange had the highest total soluble solids (TSS) and TSS :acid ratio. Sweet orange and Appleby Smooth Seville produced the least acceptable fruit due to low TSS :acid ratios. Fruit size was largest on Troyer citrange and trifoliate orange. Trees on trifoliate orange accumulated excessive chloride (Cl-) during periods of high irrigation water salinity; however, no adverse effects on growth or long-term productivity were apparent. Leaf C1- concentrations for trifoliate orange varied from 0.42 to 1.10%. Leaf C1- concentrations remained below 0.30% for the other rootstocks. There were no significant effects of scion cultivar on tree size, yield or production efficiency, and differences in fruit quality were slight. Fruit size was larger with Marsh than Davis.

Effect of hedging on the productivity of Valencia orange trees

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (93) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
KB Bevington ◽  
PE Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
New South ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Row Space ◽  
Orange Trees

The effect of hedging on the productivity of 9- and 17-year-old Valencia orange trees was studied in two trials located in inland irrigation districts in New South Wales. At both sites the trees were double planted in north-south rows, and were hedged on their east and west sides in spring 1969 and again in late spring 1973, at two levels of severity. Light hedging (0.2-0.3 m of canopy removed from each side of the tree) was effective in restricting tree spread into the inter-row space without adverse effects on yield. With light hedging the yield loss in the first season was recovered by increased production in the second season after hedging. More severe hedging caused a significant reduction in cumulative yield. By timing the hedging to coincide with the setting and early development of a potential heavy crop the extent of alternate bearing was reduced. There were no consistent effects of hedging on fruit size.

Effect of Four Training Systems on Growth and Productivity of `Cortland'/M.9 EMLA Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 451e-451
Author(s):  
J.R. Schupp ◽  
S.I. Koller
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Planting Distance

`Cortland'/M.9 EMLA trees were planted in 1991 at 1.8 ×4.2-m spacing. The trees were trained to one of four systems: 1) Vertical Axis; 2) Y trellis; 3) Solen; or 4) Palmette trellis. Tree survival was 86% for Palmette trees and approached 100% for the other three systems. Annual yield and cumulative yield per tree of Vertical Axis and Y trellis was twice that of Solen or Palmette. Tree vigor was sub-optimal relative to planting distance in this study. Trunk cross-sectional area of Vertical Axis trees was larger than that of trees trained to Solen or Palmette, while trees trained to Y trellis were intermediate in trunk growth. Canopy volumes of Vertical Axis and Y trellis trees were similar, and greater than that of Solen or Palmette trees. Fruit size on Solen and Palmette trees was larger than that of Y trellis trees in 1995 and 1996, while fruit size on Vertical Axis trees was intermediate. Cumulative yield per cubic meter of canopy volume was the same for all four systems, suggesting that differences in productivity among systems were attributable to the effects of tree training practices on tree size, not to differences among systems in precocity or efficiency. The low heading cut needed to establish the lowest tier of branches on the Palmette system reduced tree vigor and in some cases, resulted in mortality. The horizontal training of the primary branches of the Solen severely reduced tree vigor. In this study, where tree vigor was sub-optimal due to rootstock selection, the additional restrictions in tree growth resulting from restrictive training methods resulted in a significant loss in productivity.

Effects of bunch trimming and double bunch covering on yield of bananas during winter in New South Wales

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
GG Johns
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Double Covering ◽  
Finger Length ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Commercial Plantation

Bunch trimming (removal of male bud and several distal hands from bunches soon after flowering), and double covering (use of 2 bunch covers simultaneously) of banana bunches that emerge during winter in northern New South Wales could have the potential to increase the size, and hence grade and price of harvested fruit. Consequently bunches were either trimmed to 6, 8 or 10 hands or left untrimmed (male bud retained), and either single or double bunch covers were applied on a commercial plantation on 3 occasions during winter, and the effects on fruit size and quality were recorded. Bunch emergence to bunch harvest interval was reduced by an average of 5 days by bunch trimming. Finger length increased with increasing severity of bunch trimming, with the average length for the top 6 hands increased by 2.3% (P<0.01) for the 10-hand treatment to 6.1% (P<0.001) for the 6-hand treatment. Finger weight increased with increasing severity of bunch trimming, with weights for the top 6 hands increased by up to 14% (P < 0.001) on the 6-hand treatment. Double covering increased finger weight of the top 6 hands by 4% (P < 0.01). Trimming to 10, 8 and 6 hands increased the yield per bunch of extra large grade fruit by 18, 23 and 39% respectively. Double covering did not affect the yield of extra large fruit significantly. After excluding hands suffering from the mixed ripe condition, the 6-hand treatment yielded 51% more marketable extra large fruit than untrimmed bunches. Potential profitability of the treatments depended on price scenario. When prices were low the 6-hand treatment appeared most profitable, but at higher prices the 10-hand treatment would be preferable. Double covering appeared not to be worthwhile for all price scenarios used.

Sphaceloma fawcettii var. scabiosa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
New South ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Citrus Medica ◽  
Rain Splash ◽  
Satsuma Orange

Abstract A description is provided for Sphaceloma fawcettii var. scabiosa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Rough and sweet lemon, lime, grapefruit, sweet orange, mandarin and satsuma orange, citron (Citrus medica), C. japonica and C. jambhiri. Sour orange somewhat resistant (McCleery, 1930) or immune (51, 2478). DISEASE: Tryon's scab or Australian citrus scab. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales), S.W. Pacific (New Guinea, New Caledonia (41, 85), Fiji, British Solomon Islands); probably New Zealand (Jenkins, 34, 516), S.E. Asia (Malaysia, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka), Africa (Malagasy Republic and Comores Islands (51, 2478), Malawi, Rhodesia and Zambia); South America (Argentina (33, 292)). (From literature cited and specimens in Herb. IMI: CMI Map 161, ed. 2, 1966.) TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind and rain splash as in common citrus scab (CMI Descript. 438) infection arising at start of season from lesions on old fruits and twigs (McCleery, 1930).

Influence of rootstocks on Navel orange yield and tree growth at Mildura, Victoria

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon

Two experiments with Navel orange scions (CV. Washington and Leng) on a number of rootstocks were done on three sandy Mallee soils in the Mildura irrigation district. Rootstocks included sweet orange (eight cultivars), rough lemon, mandarin (two cultivars), trifoliate orange, and citrange (two cultivars). In experiment 1 (1949 to 1963) eight sweet orange rootstocks gave similar results in terms of yield and tree size. Leng produced more but smaller fruit than Washington, but total weights were similar. In experiment 2 (1959 to 1969 and continuing) Leng trees were larger, produced more fruit, and on one soil a greater weight of fruit per tree than Washington. Sweet orange rootstocks were usually superior to other rootstocks on each soil type, although rough lemon gave results that were similar and, for a few combinations, superior. Trees on mandarin rootstocks were low producers and small in the early part of the experiment, but by the end of the period were yielding as much fruit as those on sweet orange. Trifoliate rootstocks were unsatisfactory, and citrange intermediate between sweet orange and trifoliate. No fruit quality differences ascribable to rootstock were detected.

scholarly journals Effect of Mid-day Reduction of High Electrical Conductivity Treatment on the Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Cherry Tomato

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann S. Buck ◽  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Merle Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Cultivar Selection

Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) plants were grown hydroponically with three different regimes of electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution to develop an effective EC management method to enhance the fruit quality. The EC treatments examined were 1) continuous high EC [4.7 dS·m−1 (HE)], 2) continuous low EC [2.8 dS·m−1 (LE)], and 3) high EC combined with midday (1030–1530 hr) low EC [midday reduction of high EC (MDR)]. The research was conducted to obtain preliminary information on the effect of EC treatments on the yield and fruit quality for 15 weeks of harvest under semiarid greenhouse conditions. Harvested fruit were sorted to several quality grades, including the “premium” grade based on fruit size, color, and total soluble solids. The number of fruit per truss was significantly higher in cultivar L308 than in cultivar L907 and in the LE treatment than in the HE or MDR treatment. The fruit size decreased over time regardless of EC treatment and cultivar. Cumulative yield of 15 weeks was greater in the LE treatment (26.3 kg·m−2) than in the HE treatment (22.1 kg·m−2) for ‘L907’, and there were no significant differences between the three EC treatments for ‘L308’ (24.1–28.1 kg·m−2). The cumulative yield in the MDR treatment was similar to that in the LE treatment regardless of cultivar. When quality attributes such as total soluble solids concentration measured for randomly sampled fruit were considered, cumulative premium-grade yield was the greatest for the HE treatment (12.9 or 17.6 kg·m−2) and was the smallest for the LE treatment (1.4 or 12.1 kg·m−2), regardless of cultivar. The cumulative yield of premium-grade cherry tomatoes in the MDR treatment was not significantly different from that in the HE treatment for ‘L308’ but was 11% less than that in the HE treatment for ‘L907’. Therefore, together with cultivar selection, the MDR treatment may be a potential alternative to a more commonly practiced continuously high EC treatment in semiarid greenhouses with limited environmental control capacity in which increasing the nutrient EC to increase quality is desired without significantly decreasing yield.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF MECHANICAL ROOT PRUNING OR HEDGING IN AN INTENSIVE ORCHARD

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122c-1122
Author(s):  
David C. Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Unit Volume ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Annual Summer

In 1981, four apple cultivars were established as a low trellis hedgerow on M.9 or free-standing central leaders on M.7 at the recommended or half the recommended spacing with the close planted trees either root pruned annually at bloom or hedged in August. Planting at half the spacing and annual summer hedging 2 sides decreased TCA 25% and canopy volume 51% with no effect on shoot growth, while annual root pruning decreased TCA 34%, canopy volume 50% and shoot length 25%. Planting at half spacing and either hedging or root pruning reduced yields per tree. Efficiency as measured by yield TCA was decreased by hedging and as measured by yield/m3 canopy volume was increased by both treatments with hedging having the greatest effect. The cumulative yield/ha was increased by both hedging and root pruning with no difference between them. Fruit size was decreased by close planting and root pruning caused a greater decrease than hedging. Close planting increased the number of spurs and shoots and LAI per unit volume of canopy with no difference between hedging or root pruning. `Empire' outproduced `Smoothee' and `Delicious' on the trellis and `Lawspur' had higher yields than any other cultivar in the central leader.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ROOTSTOCKS FOR ‘TAHITI’ ACID LIME IN NORTHERN STATE OF MINAS GERAIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL LUCAS MAGALHÃES MACHADO ◽  
DALMO LOPES DE SIQUEIRA ◽  
LUIZ CARLOS CHAMHUM SALOMÃO ◽  
PAULO ROBERTO CECON ◽  
DANIELLE FABÍOLA PEREIRA DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Troyer Citrange

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate 12 rootstock varieties on the development and quality of ‘Tahiti’ acid lime fruits cultivated in the municipality of Jaíba, MG. Seedlings were planted in an experimental orchard in November 2008, using 8 x 5 meters spacing and drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted using a scion cultivar (Tahiti acid lime, IAC-5 cultivar) and the following 12 rootstocks: ‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Troyer’ citrange, ‘Carrizo’ citrange, 1707 hybrid (Rangpur lime x Swingle trifoliate), 1710 and 1697 citrandarins, 1708citradia, ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, ‘Cleopatra’ and ‘Sunki’ mandarins, ‘Volkamer’ lemon, and ‘Limeira’ trifoliate. A randomized block design with five replicates and three trees per plot was used. Trunk diameter of both rootstock and scion, as well as height, diameter, and canopy volume, yield, fruit mass, number of fruits per tree, productivity, production efficiency index, longitudinal diameter, equatorial diameter, total soluble solids, total acidity, and vitamin C content of fruits were evaluated. ‘Volkameriano’ and ‘Cleopatra’ rootstocks promoted higher plant vigor and productivity for ‘Tahiti’ acid lime. However, ‘Limeira’ trifoliate and ‘Troyer’ citrange produced less vigor, but increased production efficiency; and can be used as alternative rootstocks for ‘Rangpur’ lime, as long as adjustments are performed in the planting spacing to increase productivity. In general, no differences in physical and chemical characteristics of fruits for all treatments were found, and fruits remained within commercial standards.

Evaluation of rootstocks for Eureka and Lisbon lemons in replant ground in New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
RA Sarooshi ◽  
P Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Large Flower

The yield, growth, fruit quality, and graft compatibility of 2 lemon cultivars Eureka and Lisbon [Citrus limon (L.) Bum. f.], budded onto several new rootstocks, were studied in replant ground.Promising rootstocks for Eureka lemon were 2 new hybrids bred at Gosford, New South Wales, 3798 (Scarlet mandarin x Poncirus trifoliata) and 4017 (Smooth Seville x P. trifoliata), and also Benton citrange and Nelspruit hybrid 639. Trees on the sour orange group of rootstocks including Xingshan, Dai Dai and Baggan yielded 44-63% less than trees on rough lemon rootstocks; but their fruit quality, as evidenced by juice per cent, OBrix, and citric acid (kg/t), was better. The performance of Lisbon lemon was tested on 10 selections of F'. trifoliata, and although trees on Flying Dragon were smaller and yielded about 50% less than on Swingle, Christiansen, Large Flower, and selection 22, results were not significantly (P<0.05) different.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF ‘TUXPAN VALENCIA’ SWEET ORANGE GRAFTED ONTO 14 ROOTSTOCKS IN NORTHERN BAHIA, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
NATIANA DE OLIVEIRA FRANÇA ◽  
MAURICIO DA SILVA AMORIM ◽  
EDUARDO AUGUSTO GIRARDI ◽  
ORLANDO SAMPAIO PASSOS ◽  
WALTER DOS SANTOS SOARES FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Canopy Volume

ABSTRACT In the State of Bahia, Brazil, the citrus industry is located on the north coast with the prevalence of the combination ‘Pera’ sweet orange on ‘Rangpur’ lime. Scion-rootstock diversification may contribute to the increase of yield and the extension of harvest season, as long as to decrease the risk associated to abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, the performance of ‘Tuxpan Valencia’ sweet orange grafted onto 14 rootstocks was evaluated in Rio Real – BA. Planting was performed in 2006 under rainfed cultivation on cohesive ultisol and tree spacing of 6.0 m x 4.0 m. Tree size, yield and fruit quality were evaluated in the period of 2010-2014, in addition to tree survival at nine years old and drought tolerance in the field based on leaf wilting. In the evaluated conditions, ‘Sunki Tropical’ and ‘Sunki Maravilha’ mandarins led to the highest scion canopy volume. The highest accumulated yield in five harvests was recorded on ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, ‘Volkamer’ lemon, ‘Riverside’ and ‘Indio’ citrandarins, ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin and the hybrid TSKC x (LCR x TR) – 001. ‘Riverside’ and TSKFL x CTSW – 049 induced higher yield efficiency on the canopy. The rootstocks did not influence the tree survival nine years after planting except for lower survival of TSKFL x CTSW – 049. Drought tolerance was not affected either. Regarding to the fruit quality of ‘Tuxpan Valencia’, the rootstocks influenced the juice content, soluble solids and technological index with the citrandarins, ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, ‘Volkamer’ lemon and ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin presenting higher performance in general.

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