scholarly journals Effect of Mid-day Reduction of High Electrical Conductivity Treatment on the Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Cherry Tomato

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann S. Buck ◽  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Merle Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Cultivar Selection

Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) plants were grown hydroponically with three different regimes of electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution to develop an effective EC management method to enhance the fruit quality. The EC treatments examined were 1) continuous high EC [4.7 dS·m−1 (HE)], 2) continuous low EC [2.8 dS·m−1 (LE)], and 3) high EC combined with midday (1030–1530 hr) low EC [midday reduction of high EC (MDR)]. The research was conducted to obtain preliminary information on the effect of EC treatments on the yield and fruit quality for 15 weeks of harvest under semiarid greenhouse conditions. Harvested fruit were sorted to several quality grades, including the “premium” grade based on fruit size, color, and total soluble solids. The number of fruit per truss was significantly higher in cultivar L308 than in cultivar L907 and in the LE treatment than in the HE or MDR treatment. The fruit size decreased over time regardless of EC treatment and cultivar. Cumulative yield of 15 weeks was greater in the LE treatment (26.3 kg·m−2) than in the HE treatment (22.1 kg·m−2) for ‘L907’, and there were no significant differences between the three EC treatments for ‘L308’ (24.1–28.1 kg·m−2). The cumulative yield in the MDR treatment was similar to that in the LE treatment regardless of cultivar. When quality attributes such as total soluble solids concentration measured for randomly sampled fruit were considered, cumulative premium-grade yield was the greatest for the HE treatment (12.9 or 17.6 kg·m−2) and was the smallest for the LE treatment (1.4 or 12.1 kg·m−2), regardless of cultivar. The cumulative yield of premium-grade cherry tomatoes in the MDR treatment was not significantly different from that in the HE treatment for ‘L308’ but was 11% less than that in the HE treatment for ‘L907’. Therefore, together with cultivar selection, the MDR treatment may be a potential alternative to a more commonly practiced continuously high EC treatment in semiarid greenhouses with limited environmental control capacity in which increasing the nutrient EC to increase quality is desired without significantly decreasing yield.

scholarly journals Annual Bloom-time Phosphorus Fertigation Affects Soil Phosphorus, Apple Tree Phosphorus Nutrition, Yield, and Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry H. Neilsen ◽  
Denise Neilsen ◽  
Peter Toivonen ◽  
Linda Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
P Application

A randomized, complete block, split-plot experimental design with six replicates was established and maintained annually for the first five fruiting seasons (1999 to 2003) in a high-density apple [Malus sylvestris (L) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf] orchard on M.9 rootstock planted in Apr. 1998. Main plot treatments involved eight different nutrient regimes, each containing three tree subplots of each of five different cultivars (Ambrosia, Cameo, Fuji, Gala, and Silken). This report compares a +phosphorus (P) treatment, involving annual fertigation at bloom time of 20 g P/tree as ammonium polyphosphate (10N–15P–0K), to a −P treatment. Both treatments also received nitrogen, potassium, and boron nutrients through fertigation. Drip fertigation of P increased 2 M KCl-extractable P to 0.4-m depth within 0.5-m distance of the drippers. Leaf and fruit P concentrations were consistently increased by the +P treatment with few differences among cultivars. P-fertigated trees also had a 20% increase in cumulative yield overall cultivars during the first five fruiting seasons. Standard fruit quality measurements, including fruit size, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, and red coloration were unaffected by P application. However, reductions in incidence of water core at harvest, increased resistance to browning, and elevated antioxidant content of harvested fruit measured in some years imply a role for P in apple membrane stability. The cumulative results indicate that applications of 20 g P as ammonium polyphosphate annually at bloom would be advantageous for apples receiving adequate fertigated applications of nitrogen, potassium, and boron. Best apple performance was associated with leaf P concentrations above 2.2 mg·g−1 dry weight and fruit P concentrations between 100 and 120 mg·kg−1 dry weight.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Nucellar Frost `Marsh' Grapefruit on Fifteen Rootstocks in Cyprus

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.V. Economides ◽  
C. Gregoriou
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Citrus Volkameriana

Tree growth, yield, and fruit quality of nucellar `Frost Marsh Seedless' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) on 15 rootstocks were evaluated under Cyprus conditions. Over the 9-year production period, trees on Palestine sweet lime, the group of rough lemon, and Citrus volkameriana Pasq. were more productive per unit of tree size, and their cumulative yields per tree were significantly higher than those of trees on sour orange, which is the standard rootstock commercially used in Cyprus. Rootstocks affected fruit size and weight, rind thickness, juice content, total soluble solids concentration (SSC), and total acids, but the differences were not large enough to affect the market value of the fruit, On the basis of the results of this trial and because sour orange is highly susceptible to tristeza, the C. volkameriana and rough lemon group, which are tolerant to tristeza, should be included in further trial plantings as a potential commercial rootstock.

scholarly journals Using Ethephon to Stimulate Synchronous Ripening of Saskatoon Fruit

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 599a-599
Author(s):  
Roisin McGarry ◽  
Jocelyn A. Ozga ◽  
Dennis M. Reinecke
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Fruit Stage ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Ethephon was applied in two consecutive years to saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) shrubs (`Northline' and `Smoky') to determine its effects on synchronizing fruit ripening. Ripeness can be visually assessed by color (green = immature; red = mature, not ripe; purple = mature, fully ripe). Ethephon (applied when fruit were ≈ 70% red) at 250, 500, and 1000 ppm increased the percentage of ripe fruit obtained from `Northline' by 2%, 4%, and 6%, respectively. Due to pronounced seasonal yield differences for `Smoky', ethephon had no effect on the percentage of ripe fruit obtained in 1994. However, in 1995, ethephon (applied at 70% red fruit stage) at 500 and 1000 ppm increased the percentage of ripe fruit obtained from `Smoky' by 4% and 2%, respectively. Fruit quality, evaluated with respect to surface color development, flesh firmness, fruit size, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, and the soluble solids: titratable acids ratio, was not significantly affected by ethephon treatments. This work was supported in part by AARI-FFF grant no. 940442.

scholarly journals Time of Root Pruning Influences Vegetative Growth, Fruit Size, Biennial Bearing, and Yield of `Jonathan' Apple

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Terminal Shoot

`Jonathan'/M.26 apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees were root-pruned annually on two sides, 60 cm from the trunk, to a depth of 40 cm for 6 years while dormant, at bloom, or in mid-June. Root pruning reduced terminal shoot growth by ≈30% in 1985-89 with no influence in 1990. Cumulative yield was reduced by root pruning at bloom (14%) or mid-June (20%), and cumulative yield efficiency [kg·cm-2 trunk cross-sectional area) was reduced by root pruning with no difference among pruning times except in 1 year, where abundant moisture throughout the season appeared to negate the effect. The intensity of biennial bearing was reduced by root pruning with no relationships to time of pruning. Root pruning resulted in a decrease in large fruit and an increase in small fruit in 3 of the 6 years. A covariant analysis with yield showed that root pruning reduced average fruit size. Root-pruned trees produced firmer fruit with an increased soluble solids concentration and had less preharvest drop than nonpruned trees. Under severe drought conditions in 1988, root pruning reduced net photosynthesis and transpiration; supplemental water (57 liters·week-1) increased transpiration and fruit size at harvest.

scholarly journals Influence of Various Fertilizers on Vegetative and Fruiting Characters of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 853B-853
Author(s):  
Tanjeet Singh Chahal*
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
N Level ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

A fertilizer trial was conducted to study the effect of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) on vegetative growth and fruit quality characters in cape gooseberry. The experiment consisting of three levels each of N, P, and K (at 5, 10, and 15 g/plant) along with their interactions was conducted in the experimental area, Dept. of Horticulture, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab during the year 2001-2002. The increasing level of N, P, and K help to increase the plant height, where as application of N and K at 10 g/plant and P at 15 g/plant proved their worth for maximizing fruit size. The total soluble solids level of fruits increased significantly with the increment of N level, whereas in case of P and K the total soluble solids increased upto the moderate level and decreased with the further increment. On the other hand, the acidity per cent followed an increase with the each increasing level of all the fertilizers.

scholarly journals Yield and Fruit Quality Traits of Mamey Sapote Cultivars Grown at Two Locations in Puerto Rico

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits

The demand for tropical fruits has increased significantly during the last decade as consumers seek healthy and more diverse food products. There is a lack of formal experimentation to determine yield performance and fruit quality traits of mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) cultivars. Six mamey sapote cultivars (Copan, Magaña, Mayapan, Pace, Pantin, Tazumal) grown on Ultisol and Oxisol soils were evaluated for 5 years at Corozal and Isabela, PR, respectively. There was a significant difference in the number and weight of fruit per hectare between locations, averaging 25,929 fruit/ha and 16,527 kg·ha−1 at Corozal and 17,887 fruit/ha and 11,920 kg·ha−1 at Isabela. ‘Tazumal’ had the highest 5-year mean number and weight of fruit per hectare, but fruit of this cultivar was very small and contained several seeds, which could reduce its marketability. At Corozal, cultivars Tazumal and Magaña had significantly higher fruit yield per hectare than the rest of the cultivars, whereas ‘Magaña’, ‘Tazumal’, and ‘Pantín’ had the highest fruit yield at Isabela. At both locations, ‘Pantin’ had relatively high yield, above-average soluble solids concentration values, and adequate fruit size and weight for domestic and export markets (650–900 g), making this cultivar suitable for planting at various agroenvironments typical of the humid tropics.

scholarly journals Melatonin Treatment to Pomegranate Trees Enhances Fruit Bioactive Compounds and Quality Traits at Harvest and during Postharvest Storage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
José M. Lorente-Mento ◽  
Fabián Guillén ◽  
Salvador Castillo ◽  
Domingo Martínez-Romero ◽  
Juan M. Valverde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
First Year ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Solids

The effect of melatonin pomegranate tree treatments on fruit quality and bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity at harvest and during storage at 10 °C for 60 days was assayed in two consecutive years, 2019 and 2020. In the first year, trees were treated with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mM of melatonin along the developmental fruit growth cycle, and results showed that bioactive compounds (total phenolics and total and individual anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity at harvest were higher in fruits from melatonin-treated trees than in controls. Other fruit quality parameters, such as firmness, total soluble solids and aril red colour, were also increased as a consequence of melatonin treatment. In fruit from control tress, firmness and acidity levels decreased during storage, while increases occurred on total soluble solids, leading to fruit quality reductions. These changes were delayed, and even maintenance of total acidity was observed, in fruit from melatonin-treated trees with respect to controls, resulting in a fruit shelf-life increase. Moreover, concentration of phenolics and anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were maintained at higher levels in treated than in control fruits during the whole storage period. In general, all the mentioned effects were found at the highest level with the 0.1 mM melatonin dose, and then it was selected for repeating the experiment in the second year and results of the first year were confirmed. Thus, 0.1 mM melatonin treatment could be a useful tool to enhance aril content on bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity and health beneficial effects and to improve quality traits of pomegranate fruit, at harvest and during postharvest storage.

scholarly journals High-density linkage map construction and identification of loci regulating fruit quality traits in blueberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla F. Mengist ◽  
Hamed Bostan ◽  
Elisheba Young ◽  
Kristine L. Kay ◽  
Nicholas Gillitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits ◽  
High Density Linkage Map

AbstractFruit quality traits play a significant role in consumer preferences and consumption in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L). The objectives of this study were to construct a high-density linkage map and to identify the underlying genetic basis of fruit quality traits in blueberry. A total of 287 F1 individuals derived from a cross between two southern highbush blueberry cultivars, ‘Reveille’ and ‘Arlen’, were phenotyped over three years (2016–2018) for fruit quality-related traits, including titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, and fruit weight. A high-density linkage map was constructed using 17k single nucleotide polymorphisms markers. The linkage map spanned a total of 1397 cM with an average inter-loci distance of 0.08 cM. The quantitative trait loci interval mapping based on the hidden Markov model identified 18 loci for fruit quality traits, including seven loci for fruit weight, three loci for titratable acidity, five loci for pH, and three loci for total soluble solids. Ten of these loci were detected in more than one year. These loci explained phenotypic variance ranging from 7 to 28% for titratable acidity and total soluble solid, and 8–13% for pH. However, the loci identified for fruit weight did not explain more than 10% of the phenotypic variance. We also reported the association between fruit quality traits and metabolites detected by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis directly responsible for these fruit quality traits. Organic acids, citric acid, and quinic acid were significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with titratable acidity. Sugar molecules showed a strong and positive correlation with total soluble solids. Overall, the study dissected the genetic basis of fruit quality traits and established an association between these fruit quality traits and metabolites.

scholarly journals Daminozide, Root Pruning, Trunk Scoring, and Trunk Ringing Effects on Fruit Ripening and Storage Behavior of `McIntosh' Apple

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Elfving ◽  
E.C. Lougheed ◽  
R.A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Storage Behavior

A midsummer foliar daminozide (DZ) application (750 mg a.i./liter) to `Macspur McIntosh'/M.7 apple trees (Malus domestics Borkh.) reduced preharvest drop and retarded flesh firmness loss and starch hydrolysis when tested at harvest; DZ also reduced fruit ethylene production at harvest and after 19 weeks of storage at 0.5C. Root pruning at full bloom (May) resulted in increased soluble solids concentration (SSC) and firmer flesh and less starch hydrolysis at harvest, but not consistently each year. Full-bloom root pruning reduced the incidence of stem-cavity browning and brown core, but again not each year. Full-bloom root pruning did not influence ethylene evolution at harvest but did reduce post-storage ethylene evolution in two of three seasons. Full-bloom root pruning generally was less effective than DZ in altering fruit behavior, while root pruning later than full bloom had virtually no effect. Trunk scoring or ringing increased SSC and retarded loss of flesh firmness before harvest and following storage, but had little effect on starch hydrolysis. Scoring or ringing decreased incidence of some disorders and reduced post-storage ethylene evolution, although these treatments had little effect on ethylene production at harvest. Trunk scoring influenced some fruit characteristics more strongly than DZ. Fruit size was not affected by any treatment in any year. Chemical name used: butanedioic acid mono (2,2 -dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide).

scholarly journals Estimating genotype-environment interactions for internal fruit quality traits in cherry tomatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-374
Author(s):  
Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre ◽  
Franco Alirio Vallejo-Cabrera ◽  
Yacenia Morillo-Coronado
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

Genotype-environment interactions (GEI) were assessed in 10 cherry tomato accessions in nine environments, including four artificial settings (0, 60 120, and 180 kg ha-1 of potassium) established on the experimental farms Montelindo (Palestina), Tesorito (Manizales), and CEUNP (Palmira) (Colombia). The plant material included 10 cherry tomato genotypes obtained from the germplasm bank at the Instituto Agronómico de Campinas and Tomato Genetics Resources Center (TGRC). A completely randomized block design with four blocks corresponding to the level of potassium fertilization was used (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1); 0 kg ha-1 was the level reported for the soil. The effective size of the experiment unit was seven plants; the plot included the five central plants. A distance of 1.5 m between rows, 0.50 m between plants, and 2 m between blocks was used. The contents of soluble solids (°Brix), vitamin C (mg/100 g fresh weight), and lycopene (µg g-1 fresh weight) were assessed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (P<0.01) between the tomato genotypes, environments, and G×E interactions for the three assessed traits . The AMMI analysis identified similar and contrasting environments and determined the genotypes that contributed the most to the GEI. The environments with 120 and 180 kg ha-1 potassium favored the expression of vitamin C, while Palmira favored the lycopene content. The findings are useful for identifying optimal locations and elite genotypes that can be used as sources of variability in fruit quality improvement programs for cherry tomatoes.

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