Effect of whole seed tubers, cut seed and within row spacing on potato (cv. Sebago) tuber yield

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Strange ◽  
KW Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Cut Seed ◽  
Effect On Yield

Whole seed potato tubers in the size ranges 35-100 g, 101-150 g and 35-150 g were compared with cut seed and a mixed run grade of both whole 35-100 g tubers and cut seed, at within row spacings of 25 and 33.3 cm in rows 81.3 cm wide, at Healesville, Ballarat and Warragul districts in 1986-87 and 1987-88. Whole 35-250 g tubers and 40 cm within row spacing were also included in experiments at Healesville during the 2 seasons. The mean total tuber yield from planting whole 35-150 g tubers (47.9 t/ha) was significantly higher than from planting Run grade seed [44.9 t/ha, 1.s.d. (P=0.05)=2.0]. Yields of 35-100 g and 101-150 g tubers were also significantly higher with plantings of whole seed compared with Cut or Run seed. The mean yield of tubers >250 g was significantly higher from planting Run grade seed (12.0 t/ha) than whole 35-150 g tubers [9.7 t/ha, 1.s.d. (P=0.05)=1.8]. Increasing the within row spacing from 25 to 33.3 or 40 cm significantly increased the yield of tubers >250 g and significantly reduced the yield of 101-150 g tubers. The effect on yield of 35-100 g, 151-250 g tubers and total tuber yield was variable. The mean multiplication rate (total yield/seed planting rate) from plantings of 101-150 g whole seed was significantly lower than from plantings of Cut and Run seed but was increased significantly with plantings of whole 35-100 g seed. Increasing the within row spacing significantly increased the multiplication rate and values from 1 environment were 17.2 at 25 cm, 22.2 at 33.3 cm and 24.6 at 40 cm [l.s.d. (P=0.05)=1.5]. The mean number of tubers per plant was significantly higher from plantings of whole seed (8.0-9.1) than from Cut or Run grade seed [6.8-7.1, 1.s.d. (P=0.05)=0.4] and was increased significantly by increasing the within row spacings from 25 to 33.3 or 40 cm.

scholarly journals Effect of cut seed tubers and pre-germination on potato tuber yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3144-3156
Author(s):  
Pape Diop ◽  
Elhadji Serigne Sylla ◽  
Mamadou Diatte ◽  
Babacar Labou ◽  
Karamoko Diarra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Cut Seed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cut Seed Tubers

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the important vegetable crops in Senegal with the potential to improve the national food supply and economic benefits to smallholder producers. Experiment was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 to assess the impact of cut seed tubers and pre-germination on seed tuber storage conditions on potato tubers yield. Four treatments were used for experiment. Pre-plant seed treatments were (T1) 136 whole seed tubers 45-55 g then pre-germinated; (T2) 68 cutted tubers 22-28 g then pre-germinated; (T3) 68 pre-germinated seed tubers then cut 22-28 g; (T) 136 whole seed tubers 45-55 g not pre-germinated (maintained 4 °C). Plants grown from whole and pre-germinated seed tubers had significantly higher yield and more number of secondary stems per plant, when compared to cut and or no pre-germinated seed (P < 0.001). Daughter tubers produced from cut seed resulted in higher small size potato tubers than those from whole seed (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found on potato seed emergence. Our results indicated a clear advantage to plant whole and pre-germinated seed potatoes with the aim of producing healthier daughter tubers and increasing yields.Keywords: Seed potato, whole seed, pre-germination, Niayes, Senegal.

scholarly journals Хранение семенного картофеля с использованием химических и физических методов воздействия на клубни

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Maltsev ◽  
D.V. Abrosimov ◽  
O.V. Abashkin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Number Of Stems

Отражены результаты исследований влияния фитогормона этилена и гамма-облучения 60Co на интенсивность прорастания семенных клубней картофеля, рост и развитие растений, число стеблей и клубней на куст, урожайность и структуру урожая. Обработка семенных клубней картофеля этиленом позволила увеличить общую урожайность картофеля в зависимости от сорта, района выращивания и применения орошения на 9,9–19,0% (1,2–6,4 т/га).The article reveals the results of studies the phytohormone ethylene and gamma-irradiation (60Co) and its influence on seed germination, plant growth and development, number of stems and tubers per plant, yield and structure of yield. Treatment of seed potato tubers with ethylene allowed to increase the total yield of potatoes depending on the variety, area of cultivation and application of irrigation by 9.9–19.0% (1.2–6.4 t/ha).

The influence of sowing rate and row spacing on the plant density and yield of red beet

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Benjamin ◽  
R. A. Sutherland ◽  
D. Senior
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Density Maximum ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThree experiments examined the effects of sowing rate and between-row spacing on the plant density and yield of red beet.The proportion of seeds which produced mature plants decreased when the mean distance to the nearest neighbour was less than 5 cm. In these experiments, this distance was governed by within-row spacing. Thus, plots with narrow-spaced rows achieved a higher plant density than those with wide-spaced rows, when sown with the same weight of seed.Total yield of beet per unit area decreased with increasing plant density. Maximum yields per unit area of small beet were achieved at high plant densities, whereas maximum yields of large beet were achieved at low plant densities. The effect of between-row spacing on yield was much smaller than that of density, and was important only for crops harvested early. Shoot yield per unit area was measured in two experiments and was not affected by row spacing in either. Shoot yield was not affected by plant density in one experiment, but, in the other, tended to a maximum value with increasing plant density.

scholarly journals First Report of Potato Tuber Sprout Rot Caused by Fusarium sambucinum in Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1460-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Wharton ◽  
P. Tumbalam ◽  
W. W. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Sambucinum ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Tuber Tissue ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Fusarium Dry Rot ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Cut Seed ◽  
Cut Surface

Fusarium dry rot is one of the most important diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), affecting tubers in storage and whole seed or seed pieces after planting (2). Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel (teleomorph Giberella pulicaris) is the most common pathogen causing dry rot of stored tubers in North America. (4). Cut seed potato tubers of cvs. FL1879 and Pike with severe sprout rot were collected in Michigan during May 2006. As well as having rotted sprouts, all diseased tubers had dry rot. When diseased sprouts were cut in half, brown, necrotic lesions could be seen spreading down the center of the sprout in vascular tissue and at the base of the sprout in tuber tissue. Pathogen isolations were made from both infected tuber tissue and diseased sprouts on potato dextrose agar (PDA). In both cases, only F. sambucinum was isolated from diseased sprout and tuber tissue. Identification of the pathogen was based on colony and conidial morphology. This included white, fluffy mycelium on the surface and crimson coloration of the colonies viewed from the underside of PDA plates and large distinctive macroconidia (3). Identification was confirmed by comparison of ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequence data with reference isolates. The ITS region of rDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced. BLASTn analysis (1) of the sequence obtained showed a 100% homology with F. sambucinum Fuckel. For inoculum production, isolates were grown on PDA at 8°C for 14 days prior to inoculation. Pathogenicity was tested in potato tubers of cv. FL1879 with a single isolate collected from diseased sprouts. Whole seed tubers with 4 mm long sprouts were cut in half longitudinally with a sterile knife to ensure that seed pieces had viable sprouts. The cut surfaces of seed pieces were spray inoculated with 200 ml of conidial suspension (1 × 104 conidia ml-1) over the entire cut surface to give a final dosage of approximately 1 ml per seed piece. Care was taken to limit inoculum spray to the cut surface so that sprouts were not inoculated. Seed pieces (40 per replicate × 4 replicates) were then placed in plastic boxes (30 × 15 × 10 cm) and incubated in the dark at 18°C and 95% relative humidity for 30 days in a controlled environment chamber. As a control, cut seed pieces were spayed with sterile distilled water and incubated as above. All tubers inoculated with the pathogen developed typical Fusarium dry rot symptoms consisting of a brown, dry decay of tuber tissue with mycelial lined cavities. Sprouts on inoculated tubers developed symptoms that were observed in the initially collected seed pieces, and F. sambucinum was reisolated from all infected sprouts. The noninoculated control tubers did not develop any symptoms of dry rot. The results of the pathogenicity tests indicate that F. sambucinum caused sprout rot on potato seed pieces. Since only the cut surfaces of tubers were inoculated, it is assumed that infection of sprouts is systemic through the tuber. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. sambucinum causing a sprout rot of developing sprouts on seed tubers in the United States. References: (1) S. F. Altschul et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1997. (2) L. E. Hanson et al. Phytopathology 86:378, 1996. (3) P. E. Nelson et al. Pages 118–119 in: Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park and London, 1983. (4) G. A. Secor and B. Salas. Fusarium dry rot and Fusarium wilt. Pages 23–25 in: Compendium of Potato Diseases. 2nd ed. W. R. Stevenson et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001.

scholarly journals Response of Seed Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivars to Glyphosate

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 987A-987
Author(s):  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti ◽  
Collin P. Auwarter ◽  
Paul G. Mayland
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Delayed Emergence ◽  
Sprout Formation

Field trials were initiated during 2004 at a dryland site near Prosper, N.D., to evaluate the effects of simulated drift from glyphosate to `Russet Burbank' and `Red Lasoda' seed potato during the early senescence stage. Glyphosate was applied at rates 1/3, 1/6, 1/12, 1/24, and 1/48 the use rate for spring wheat desiccation on 10 Sept. 2004 with a CO2 pressurized sprayer operated at 280 L/ha and 276 kPa. The amount of a.m.S added to the spray solution was also reduced accordingly. Following harvest, samples from each plot were placed into cold storage until the following March. A subsample from each plot was slowly warmed to initiate sprout formation. Remaining samples were cut into 57-g pieces, dusted with a seed piece treatment, and stored at 18 °C with about 90% RH until planted. Plots consisted of two 3-m rows at 91 cm-row spacing with a border row on each side and three spacer plants between plots. The trial was arranged as a randomized complete block with four replications. Plots were desiccated on 12 and 19 Sept. and harvested 11 Oct. Tubers were hand-graded shortly after harvest. Results indicated that glyphosate at 70 g ae/ha or more inhibited tuber budbreak by 75% or more compared to untreated. In the field, injury was observed as delayed emergence and, in several instances, no plants emerged. Total yield for `Red Lasoda' was 34.8 Mg/ha for the untreated, which was significantly greater than glyphosate treatments of 280, 140, and 70 g ae/ha. `Russet Burbank' total yield was considerably less at 23.5 Mg/ha for the untreated. Both the untreated and glyphosate at 18 g ae/ha had significantly greater total yields compared with glyphosate treatments of 280, 140, and 70 g ae/ha.

scholarly journals Producing Trellised Cucumbers Double-cropped with Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98
Author(s):  
H.Y. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Cucumber Yield

Several studies were conducted from 1988 to 1990 to determine the effect of using tomato plant skeletons as a support for trellised cucumbers double-cropped with tomatoes. In addition, the method by which tomato plants were killed before cucumbers were planted and the in-row spacing and row arrangement of cucumber plants on subsequent cucumber yield were also examined. Yields of trellised `Dasher II' cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants planted in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plots fumigated with metam-sodium were not significantly higher than yields from plants grown in plots where tomato plants were killed with glyphosate or paraquat. The presence of tomato skeletons significantly reduced the average total yield, but not the average premium yield, of three cucumber cultivars in 2 years of the study. Cultivar effect on yield was significant, and there was a significant cultivar × tomato skeleton interaction for yield during 1988. Spacing cucumber plants in the row in the presence of tomato skeletons significantly influenced yields. Planting cucumbers in double rows per tomato bed with tomato skeletons in between significantly increased yield in 1988, had a mixed effect in 1989, and had no effect in 1990 when compared with planting cucumbers in a single row per bed. Chemical names used: l,l' -dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salts (paraquat); N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate); sodium N- methyldithiocarbamate (metam-sodium).

A survey of variation in the chemical composition of commercial canola meal produced in Western Canadian crushing plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. O. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Press Cake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Composition Variation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Canola samples of whole seed, press cake and commercial meal (CM) were collected from seven canola-crushing plants in Western Canada over 4 successive weeks to assess nutrient and glucosinolate content and variability. The CM data are described in this report. The mean concentrations in CM (dry matter (DM) basis) were: in %, crude protein (N × 6.25) 41.85; ether extract 3.92; crude fiber 13.13; neutral detergent fiber 23.54; acid detergent fiber 19.09; and in MJ kg−1, gross energy 20.36. The mean mineral concentrations were, in percent, calcium 0.70; magnesium 0.57; phosphorus 1.13; potassium 1.35; sulfur 0.94; and in μg g−1, copper 6.34; iron 157; manganese 54.7; molybdenum 1.5; selenium 1.22; zinc 75.8. Total aliphatic glucosinolate concentrations (oil-free DM basis) ranged from 6.26 to 28.42 μmol g−1 for different plants, mean 16.20; indolyl glucosinolate concentrations were from 0.56 to 9.49 μmol g−1. Small and variable amounts of allyl and hydroxybenzyl glucosinolates due to weed seed contamination were found. Myrosinase activity (thioglucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.3.1) averaged 0.15% of that in the corresponding canola seed. Differences among crushing plants were due mainly to regional environmental factors, cultivars used and, for lysine and glucosinolates, processing conditions mainly in the desolventizer toaster stage. Key words: Canola, meal, composition, variation, regional, Western Canada

scholarly journals Reduced Dosage of Methyl Bromide for Controlling Verticillium Wilt of Potato in Experimental and Commercial Plots

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gamliel ◽  
A. Grinstein ◽  
Y. Peretz ◽  
L. Klein ◽  
A. Nachmias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Commercial Applications

The use of gas-impermeable films to reduce the dosage of methyl bromide (MB) required to control Verticillium wilt in potatoes was examined in field experiments, conducted in soils naturally infested with Verticillium dahliae. The incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt were significantly reduced (by 74 to 94%) by fumigation with MB at 50 g/m2 under standard low density polyethylene (LDPE) or at 25 g/m2 under gas-impermeable films. Fumigation at 25 g/m2 under LDPE was less effective. Disease severity was inversely correlated (r2 = 0.89 to 0.91) with chlorophyll content in the leaves. Fumigation also reduced (by 89 to 100%) stem colonization by the pathogen. Potato yield in the fumigated plots was significantly higher (26 to 69%), than in their nonfumigated counterparts, and was inversely correlated with disease index (r2 = 0.69 to 0.9). The percentage of high-value tubers (above 45 g) was 52 to 56% of total yield in the fumigated plots as compared with 32 to 40% in the nonfumigated controls. Thus, fumigation also improved the commercial quality of tuber yield. Effective control of V. dahliae and yield increases following MB fumigation at the recommended dosage or at a reduced dosage with gas-impermeable films was also observed in a consecutive crop. These results were verified in a large-scale field experiment using commercial applications, further demonstrating the feasibility of reducing MB dosages under farm conditions, without reducing its effectiveness in terms of disease control and yield improvement.

The effect of treating seed potato tubers with benzimidazole, imidazole and phenylpyrrole fungicides on the control of rot and skin blemish diseases

1998 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
S F CARNEGIE ◽  
A M CAMERON ◽  
D A LINDSAY ◽  
E. SHARP ◽  
I M NEVISON
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Potato Tubers
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