The efficacy of a range of sulfur dioxide generating pads against Botrytis cinerea infection and on out-turn quality of Calmeria table grapes.

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Mustonen
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Hill Area ◽  
Dual Release ◽  
Better Than

A postharvest storage trial was undertaken to test the efficacy of 3 brands of dual-release sulfur dioxide (SO2) generating pads against Botrytis cinerea in stored table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Calmeria) and to determine if there were any detrimental effects (bleaching, SO2 residues) of the pads on table grape quality. The UVAGAS and UVAS Quality Grape Guard pads slowed decay development and the spread of botrytis rot, prevented naturally occurring infections, and retained stem freshness better than the SYS pad which is commonly used in the Swan Hill area. A properly working SO2 pad placed in the top of a 10-kg box was sufficient to control botrytis rot in table grapes even when moderate levels of initial inoculum were present. The results indicate that increased SO2 residues in fruit and bleaching of berries over time are more likely with increasing damage caused by B. cinerea. After 10 weeks, both inoculated and non-inoculated grapes stored with UVAGAS or UVAS pads were in sound and commercially acceptable condition. In contrast, SYS SO2 pads did not provide acceptable control of B. cinerea in Calmeria grapes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Table Grape Storage in Boxes with Sulfur Dioxide-releasing Pads with Either an Internal Plastic Liner or External Wrap

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammon Lichter ◽  
Yohanan Zutahy ◽  
Tatiána Kaplunov ◽  
Susan Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Plastic Liner

Two main methods are in use for packing table grapes (Vitis vinifera) for refrigerated storage and transport. One is to pack the grapes with a sulfur dioxide (SO2) generator pad inside a box with a perforated plastic liner and then to cool them. The other is to place the SO2 pad on the grapes, cool the pallet, and wrap it with low-density polyethylene film, leaving the bottom of the pallet open. These two methods were compared for their efficiency in maintaining grape quality and preventing decay for periods ranging from 33 to 117 days. The experiments included ‘Redglobe’ and ‘Zainy’ grapes packaged in plastic boxes and ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes packaged in cardboard boxes. The quality of the grapes in the trials with plastic boxes was either similar in both packaging methods or better in the wrapped pallet than the liner method. The pedicels, and sometimes the rachis, showed more desiccation in the liners than in the wrapped pallets. Prevention of decay was also better with the wrapped pallets than for storage in liners. However, in the experiment with cardboard boxes, the externally wrapped boxes contained lower levels of SO2, probably because of absorption of SO2 by the cardboard, and the grapes developed more decay and rachis desiccation than in liners inside the cardboard boxes. The method of wrapping grapes after cooling them can have significant advantages over the liner method because of the faster cooling of the grapes and the use of less plastic-based, nonrecyclable materials.

The Influence of Flexible Film with Releasing Sulfur Dioxide on Quality of 'Vitis labruscana Kyoho' Table Grapes

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Dong Li Li ◽  
Wen Cai Xu ◽  
Zun Zhong Liu ◽  
Ya Bo Fu ◽  
Ya Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Vitis Labruscana

An active packaging film (APF1) with releasing low concentration sulfur dioxide (SO2) was tested on quality of ‘vitis labruscana kyoho’ table grape. All samples were stored at 5°C and during the storage period the main quality parameters, weight loss, berries shatter, decay, firmness, total soluble solids content (TSS), total acid (TA, using the PH of grape juice instead of the TA ), Vitamin c (Vc) content were monitored and compared with the control sample unpacked in any film. Results demonstrated that APF1 could reduce water loss of table grapes, prevent it from pathogens infection. The results also showed that APF1 could greatly guarantee a long shelf life for grape. After storage 56 days (storage at 0~5°C), the water loss, berry firmness, TA and Vc content in grapes packaged in APF1 were slowly reduced, TSS was slight increased, percentage of shatter and decayed berries of grapes were 22% and 27%, respectively. The percentage of berries decay of grapes packaged in APF1 was reduced to 5% from 21% for control batches on 11th days. All unpackaged table grapes (control batches) were decayed after 28 days. APF1 would help to preserve quality and extend shelf life of table grapes.

scholarly journals Sulphur Dioxide Pads Can Reduce Gray Mold While Maintaining the Quality of Clamshell-Packaged ‘BRS Nubia’ Seeded Table Grapes Grown under Protected Cultivation

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Khamis Youssef ◽  
Osmar Jose Chaves Junior ◽  
Débora Thaís Mühlbeier ◽  
Sergio Ruffo Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Sodium Metabisulfite ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Dual Release

The purpose of this research is to test the efficacy of different types of SO2-generating pads on the incidence of gray mold, and on the physicochemical properties of quality of ‘BRS Nubia’ seeded table grapes grown under protected cultivation. Four types of SO2-generating pads, 5 or 8 g of sodium metabisulfite dual release pads, and 4 or 7 g of sodium metabisulfite slow release pads, were used. Grapes bunches were harvested from a vineyard covered with plastic mash and stored in a cold room at 1 ± 1 °C for 45 days followed by 6 days of shelf life at 22 ± 1 °C at a high relative humidity (>95%). The results showed that SO2-generating pads with a dual release of 5 or 8 g completely inhibited the development of gray mold at all evaluation times. Also, a high reduction of the disease incidence was achieved by using a slow release of 4 g. The study confirmed that SO2-generating pads did not alter the physicochemical properties of ‘BRS Nubia’ seeded table grapes including mass loss, berry firmness, color index, total anthocyanin concentration, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and the TSS/TA ratio. Slow release pads at 4 and 7 g reduced the percentage of shattered berries by 56 and 48% as compared to control only after 6 days of shelf life. Also, all types of SO2-generating pads reduced the stem browning score at the end of cold storage. The 5 or 8 g dual release pads and 4 g slow release pads can be considered for effective controlling of gray mold for ‘BRS Nubia’ table grapes grown under protected cultivation while maintaining grape quality.

Unique techniques developed in Israel for short- and long-term storage of table grapes

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Lichter ◽  
Tatiana Kaplunov ◽  
Yohanan Zutahy ◽  
Susan Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Gray Mold ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Dual Release ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Term Storage

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea and rachis browning due to desiccation are the two main factors that reduce table grape quality after harvest. For over 90 years treatments with the gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) have been in use to control decay. In Israel, two methods have been developed for grape storage: one for short-term storage and shipping, and one for extended storage of late ripening cultivars. The first is based on storage in cardboard boxes without liners, which shortens the forced air cooling time due to the reduction in packaging material. After cooling the pallets are wrapped around with linear low density polyethylene to contain the SO2 and the humidity. The second method involves storage in plastic boxes with modification of commercially available dual release SO2 pads, so that the pads release a continuous low rate of SO2 for a long period of over 4 months in cold storage. In this case as well, the pallet is wrapped on all sides in order to maintain the level of SO2 and high humidity. Moreover, for late season grapes, we established the efficacy of a postharvest disinfection treatment with ethanol in order to reduce the inoculum load before extended storage and to clean the grapes from accumulation of dust particles. These techniques allow prolonged storage for more than 3 months with minimal decay development combined with retention of grape quality.

scholarly journals Botrytis cinerea and Table Grapes: A Review of the Main Physical, Chemical, and Bio-Based Control Treatments in Post-Harvest

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola De Simone ◽  
Bernardo Pace ◽  
Francesco Grieco ◽  
Michela Chimienti ◽  
Viwe Tyibilika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Product Quality And Safety

Consumers highly appreciate table grapes for their pleasant sensory attributes and as good sources of nutritional and functional compounds. This explains the rising market and global interest in this product. Along with other fruits and vegetables, table grapes are considerably perishable post-harvest due to the growth of undesired microorganisms. Among the microbial spoilers, Botrytis cinerea represents a model organism because of its degrading potential and the huge economic losses caused by its infection. The present review provides an overview of the recent primary physical, chemical, and biological control treatments adopted against the development of B. cinerea in table grapes to extend shelf life. These treatments preserve product quality and safety. This article also focuses on the compliance of different approaches with organic and sustainable production processes. Tailored approaches include those that rely on controlled atmosphere and the application of edible coating and packaging, as well as microbial-based activities. These strategies, applied alone or in combination, are among the most promising solutions in order to prolong table grape quality during cold storage. In general, the innovative design of applications dealing with hurdle technologies holds great promise for future improvements.

Contribution of the lactoperoxidase system to the keeping quality of pasteurized milk

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLETTE E. BARRETT ◽  
ALISTAIR S. GRANDISON ◽  
MICHAEL J. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Lactoperoxidase System ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Better Than

The lactoperoxidase system is a naturally occurring antimicrobial system found in milk, with lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide as its components. The keeping quality of milk pasteurized at 72°C for 15 s was found to be better than that of milk heated at 80°C for 15 s. This agrees with previous findings and is usually attributed to heat shocking of spores. However, complete deactivation of lactoperoxidase occurred at 80°C–15 s, whereas at 72°C–15 s residual lactoperoxidase activity was ∼70%, which may provide an alternative explanation. Higher levels of hypothiocyanite (the major antimicrobial agent produced by the lactoperoxidase system) were also detected in milk processed at 72 than at 80°C, which supports the theory that the lactoperoxidase system has a role in the keeping quality of pasteurized milk. Of all the methods evaluated, titratable acidity and alcohol stability gave the most consistent estimates of keeping quality, while dissolved oxygen was a good indication of the onset of spoilage. Lactoperoxidase activity decreased with temperature more rapidly between 70 and 80°C than is usual for an enzyme over a 10 deg C range.

scholarly journals SO2-generating pads reduce gray mold in clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown under a two-cropping per year system

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1069-1086
Author(s):  
Débora Thaís Mühlbeier ◽  
◽  
Luana Tainá Ribeiro ◽  
Maíra Tiaki Higuchi ◽  
Youssef Khamis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Dual Release ◽  
Cold Chamber

The aim of this work was to evaluate different SO2-generating pads and liners to control gray mold in ventilated clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes grown under a two-cropping per year system. The treatments consisted of SO2-generating pads (slow release or dual release) and plastic liners with different perforations (microperforated; 2.0; 4.0 or 5.0 mm in diameter) and a control, only with the standard microperforated plastic liner. The packaged grapes were stored in a cold chamber at 1.0 ± 1.0 °C and 95% relative humidity. After 45 days, the grapes were removed from cold storage and placed, without liners and SO2-generating pads, for 3 days at room temperature (22.0 ± 1.0 °C). The evaluations occurred at 30 and 45 days after the beginning of cold storage, and the following variables were assessed: incidence of gray mold, mass loss, stem browning and shattered berries. At 3 days of shelf-life, the same variables were assessed, except mass loss. The completely randomized design was used as a statistical model with four replications, and each plot consisted of five bunches individually stored in ventilated clamshell-packaged. The dual release SO2-generating pads are efficient in controlling the gray mold in ‘Rubi’ table grapes regardless of the type of perforation of the plastic liners, with low mass loss and shattered berries, with good conservation of the freshness of the rachis. The disease was efficiently controlled in both annual crops. The slow-release SO2-generating pads, regardless of the type of perforation of the plastic liners, resulted in intermediate efficiency of gray mold control, with good physical quality of the bunches. Thus, the use of dual release SO2-generating pads is recommended to control gray mold in ventilated clamshell-packaged ‘Rubi’ table grapes.

scholarly journals The Quality of Three Table Grape Varieties Fumigated with Methyl Bromide at Doses Recommended for the Control of Mealybugs

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Smilanick ◽  
F. Mlikota ◽  
P.L. Hartsell ◽  
J.S. Muhareb ◽  
N. Denis-Arrue
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Internal Browning ◽  
Grape Varieties

`Ruby Seedless', `Red Globe', and `Prima Red' table grapes were fumigated with the treatment schedule of the USDA-Animal Plant Health Inspection Service recommended for the control of mealybugs. Methyl bromide was applied at 64 g·m-3 (4.0 lb/1000 ft3) for 2 h at 16.1 to 18.3 °C (61 to 65 °F). The grapes were in commercial packages typical for each cultivar. After fumigation and 30 min of aeration, the grapes were stored 2 to 4 weeks at 5 °C (41 °F) and their quality assessed by evaluation of cluster rachis condition, shatter, berry cracking, decay, berry color, internal browning, bleaching injury, and firmness. None of the table grape quality parameters was significantly influenced by methyl bromide fumigation.

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