Potassium nutrition of Kennebec and Russet Burbank potatoes in Tasmania: effect of soil and fertiliser potassium on yield, petiole and tuber potassium concentrations, and tuber quality

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
KSR Chapman ◽  
LA Sparrow ◽  
PR Hardman ◽  
DN Wright ◽  
JRA Thorp
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
North West

The response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Russet Burbank and Kennebec to soil and fertiliser potassium (K) was studied on basaltic krasnozems of north-west Tasmania. Yield increases in response to fertiliser K were recorded at sites with up to 300-400 mg/kg of bicarbonate extractable soil K. The close correlation between relative yield and soil K indicated that soil K can reliably predict fertiliser requirements. Petiole K concentrations at early tuber set increased with fertiliser K at responsive sites; maximum yields were achieved with 12-14% petiole K for Kennebec and 11-13% for Russet Burbank. Petiole K concentrations provide an excellent indication of the K status of a growing crop. Tuber K concentrations increased with both soil and fertiliser K, and yields of 50-80 t/ha removed 180-380 kg K/ha in the tubers. At severely deficient sites specific gravity and crisp colour increased with low rates of fertiliser K, but the general trend was for fertiliser K to reduce specific gravity and crisp colour. Bruising susceptibility decreased with fertiliser K at some sites but the physiological disorder, 'hollow heart', was not influenced by fertiliser K. There were consistent differences between the 2 cultivars. Russet Burbank required higher soil K, had lower petiole and tuber K concentrations and removed less K in the marketable tubers.

Effects of nitrogen fertiliser on potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Russet Burbank) in Tasmania. 1. Yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
K. S. R. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Thirteen field trials were conducted on ferrosols and tenosols in Tasmania to assess the response of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Russet Burbank) to basal (up to 250 kg/ha) and topdressed (up to 100 kg/ha) nitrogen fertiliser. Economic yield responses to basal nitrogen were obtained at 9 sites. Topdressing did not increase yield compared with equivalent rates of basal nitrogen, and often failed to compensate for a lack of nitrogen applied at planting. This lack of response may reflect the inability of the potato crop to make use of nitrogen applied during tuber bulking. Nitrogen fertiliser decreased tuber specific gravity at several sites. The effects of nitrogen on misshapen tubers, bruising susceptibility, crisp colour and hollow heart were inconsistent and often of no practical importance. However, at 2 sites, nitrogen fertiliser increased yields of misshapen tubers at the expense of processing tuber yields. At 1 of these sites, nitrogen topdressing decreased the yield of misshapen tubers. Otherwise, topdressing had similar effects on tuber quality to those of basal nitrogen. Growers should fertilise with nitrogen to optimise their yields. Optimum rates were greater in paddocks that had been continuously cropped for more than 10 years (average rate 193 kg/ha), than in those that had been in pasture (average rate 48 kg/ha).

Mapping dry matter and sugars in potato tubers for prediction of whole tuber process quality

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Pritchard ◽  
M. G. Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
The Difference

Processing quality parameters within different sections of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers grown in Manitoba were measured to determine variability within tubers and to determine if whole tuber quality could be predicted from a specific section. The section that provided the best prediction of overall tuber quality parameters was determined. Changes in specific gravity (SG) and sugars in the outside and the inside of tubers during several months of storage were also measured. Dry matter (DM) of potato cvs. Russet Burbank and Shepody was generally higher at the apical and stem ends than in the middle section and was significantly higher in the outside than in the inside of the tuber. Sucrose concentration generally decreased from the stem end to the apical end of the tuber in Russet Burbank but increased from the stem end to the apical end in Shepody. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose were generally greater, though not always significantly, in the inside of the tuber compared with the outside with the exception of sucrose in Shepody where it was somewhat higher in the outside section. Glucose and fructose generally decreased from stem end to apical end although the difference between the two ends was significant only in Shepody. There was more variability in DM and the three sugars within Shepody tubers than those of Russet Burbank. The outer section of the tuber at the centre of the longitudinal axis (CO) was, overall, most highly correlated to the DM (r2 > 0.91) of the entire tuber for both cultivars and would be the most appropriate single location for estimating the DM of the entire tuber. Sugar concentrations of whole tubers could not consistently be estimated from that of any particular tuber location although the CO section had the highest correlations overall. During 6 mo storage SG did not change while sucrose decreased and glucose and fructose generally increased in both the outside (CO) and inside (CI) of the tuber. Linear regressions relating DM, SG, and sugars of the CO section to the whole tuber, and relating DM to SG were developed. Key words: Solanum tuberosum L., specific gravity, storage, processing, product quality

THE EFFECT OF SEEDPIECE POPULATION AND HARVEST DATE ON YIELD AND ECONOMIC VALUE OF CARLTON POTATOES IN MANITOBA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025
Author(s):  
B. L. REX ◽  
W. A. RUSSELL ◽  
H. R. WOLFE
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Tuber Specific Gravity ◽  
Final Harvest

The effect of seedpiece population on Carlton potatoes for the early tablestock market was evaluated under rainfed conditions in southern Manitoba over the 1982, 1983 and 1985 growing seasons. Populations of 21.7, 26.3, 33.3, and 45.5 thousand seedpieces per hectare were harvested 75, 85 and 95 d after planting each year. Total and marketable tuber yields increased with population. Tuber specific gravity increased with population in 1982 and in the first two harvests in 1983, but no trends were observed in 1985 and in the final harvest in 1983. The incidence of hollow heart in marketable tubers was very low in all 3 yr, and was not related to seedpiece population or date of harvest. Net crop value (NCV) usually increased with successive harvests within each year, and generally showed a positive relationship with seedpiece population.Key words: Potato, Solanum tuberosum L., Carlton, seedpiece population, hollow heart, specific gravity

scholarly journals Sources of Tyrosine in Genotypes of Solanum tuberosum L. Differing in Capacity to Produce Melanin Pigments

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Sabba ◽  
Bill B. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Chorismate Mutase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Tuber Protein

Potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) of genotypes that vary in resistance to dark pigment formation when damaged, characteristic of the physiological disorder blackspot, were assayed for free tyrosine. The tubers were also assayed for relative levels of chorismate mutase and proteinase activities, which can regulate free tyrosine levels. The susceptibility of potato tubers to blackspot was shown to be correlated to the amount of free tyrosine by third order regression (R = 0.88). Tyrosine was found to be a limiting factor in pigment development. Chorismate mutase activity (CMI and CMII) was not correlated to blackspot susceptibility of the genotypes studied. Proteinase activities of Atlantic, TXA 763-5, Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, and Lemhi Russet tuber protein extracts measured with synthetic substrates correlated with blackspot susceptibility. This suggests that the high free tyrosine levels associated with blackspot susceptibility may be due to high levels of proteinase activity in the tuber, rather than tyrosine synthesis.

Effect of phosphorus on the yield, quality and petiolar phosphorus concentrations of potatoes (cvv. Russet Burbank and Kennebec) grown in the krasnozem and duplex soils of Victoria

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Freeman ◽  
P. R. Franz ◽  
R. W. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P

Summary. The response of cvv. Russet Burbank and Kennebec potatoes to different levels of residual and applied phosphorus (P) was compared on krasnozem and duplex soils in the Central Highlands of Victoria. Field experiments were conducted at 12 sites over 3 years to examine the effects of applied P (banded at planting) at rates up to 475 kg/ha on yield, petiolar P concentrations, tuber size, number of tubers/plant and specific gravity. The relationships between yield response and fertiliser P required to optimise yields with Olsen P and P adsorption isotherms were also determined. Application of P significantly (P<0.05) increased yields at 11 of the 12 sites for cv. Russet Burbank and at 6 of the 9 sites for cv. Kennebec. Based on data for all sites, there was a significant (P<0.001) Mitscherlich relationship between yield response to applied P and Olsen P. This relationship was significantly (P<0.05) different for each cultivar. The critical Olsen P concentration was 27 mg/kg for cv. Kennebec. However, for cv. Russet Burbank the relationship had not plateaued, although our Olsen P concentrations ranged from 5–46 mg/kg. For cv. Russet Burbank there was a significant (P<0.05) negative linear relationship between the amount of applied P required to achieve 95% of maximum yield and Olsen P concentrations. However, there was no significant (P>0.05) relationship between the amount of applied P required to achieve 99% of maximum yield and Olsen P concentrations. For these krasnozem and duplex soils, the predictive models of either yield response or the amount of applied P required to optimise yield, were not significantly (P>0.05) improved by including P sorptivity measures. At yield-responsive sites there were significant (P<0.05) changes in the proportion of tubers >280 g for both cultivars. However, the only quality parameter adversely affected by applied P was specific gravity. There were significant (P<0.05) Mitscherlich relationships between relative yield and petiole P concentrations for both cultivars. The following critical petiole P ranges have been proposed to assist in the assessment of the P status of cv. Russet Burbank crops in Victoria: 0.45–0.57% at a tuber length of 5–10 mm; 0.35–0.47% at a tuber length of 35–45 mm and 0.21–0.26% at a tuber length of 75–85 mm. The use of petiole sampling for assessment of the P status of potatoes before the 5–10 mm tuber stage is not recommended. The critical P range for cv. Russet Burbank was higher than the critical P range for cv. Kennebec at a 5–10 mm tuber length. The practical implications from this work are that Olsen P is a good indicator of a site’s potential yield response to applied P fertiliser. However, at those soil P concentrations where a yield response is expected, Olsen P is of little value to predict the amount of P fertiliser required to achieve maximum yields. We have established that separate calibration curves are required for cvv. Russet Burbank and Kennebec to define their critical Olsen P concentrations on krasnozem and duplex soils. This is the first work in Australia showing critical nutrient ranges for petiolar P over time in cv. Russet Burbank.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties for Yield and Some Agronomic Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Lemma Tessema ◽  
Wassu Mohammed ◽  
Tesfaye Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Central Highlands

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in the central highlands of Ethiopia to evaluate the performance of potato varieties for tuber yield and to identify a superior variety in tuber yield and yield components. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in the central highlands of Ethiopia during the 2017 main cropping season. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the presence of highly significant (P<0.01) differences among varieties over all traits studied. The mean squares for location were also significant in indicating the influence of environments on the traits of the studied varieties. However, the interaction between variety and environment had no significant effect on the performances of the potato varieties to attain 50% flowering, specific gravity and dry matter content indicating a similar performance of these traits across all locations. The variety Belete produced the maximum total tuber yield of 32.8 t ha -1 and marketable tuber yield of 29.1 t ha-1. Conversely, farmers` variety Nech Abeba produced the minimum total tuber yield of 13.8 t ha-1 and marketable tuber yield of 8.4 t ha-1. For most tuber quality traits, viz., tuber specific gravity, dry matter content, starch percentage and total starch yield, varieties Belete and Menagesha were the maximum and minimum producers, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that varietal and environmental variations as well as their interaction had considerable influence on tuber yield and the potato’s attributes.

Effect of irrigation frequency on the incidence of second growth of Russet Burbank potatoes in north-west Tasmania

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chung ◽  
D. Armstrong ◽  
Sue Grice
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
French Fries ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
North West ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Tuber Bulking ◽  
High And Low Temperatures

In recent years, processors in Tasmania have introduced Russet Burbank as the most desirable potato cultivar for processing into French fries. Malformed tubers, collectively known as second growth, have been observed in some commercial Russet Burbank crops with the main defect being knobby tubers. Second growth of potato tubers has been shown to occur when the plant suffers a period of stress during the growth of the tubers such as drought, high and low temperatures, restricted soil aeration, interference with water and carbohydrate translocation and fertility imbalance (Sparks, 1958; Bodlaender, Lugt & Marinus, 1964; Iritani, 1981; Holder & Cary, 1984) or a combination of both drought and high temperature stress (Ohms, 1968). If stress from these factors is relieved, the renewed growth of the tuber is often confined to the eyes, producing knobby tubers (Moorby, 1978). Moderate water stress during early tuber bulking can lead to pear-shaped tubers (pointed at the basal end) whilst water stress during the latter part of the season can lead to tubers pointed at the apical end (Iritani, 1981). Knobby tubers are undesirable because knobs are easily broken off leading to yield loss and the exposure of tissue to infection. Severely pointed tubers cannot be processed efficiently into French fries.

scholarly journals Effects of Time of Earthing Up on Yield and Yield Parameters of Irish Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) in Zaka District, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p39
Author(s):  
Nyasha Sakadzo ◽  
Fortune Tafirenyika ◽  
Kasirayi Makaza
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Four Levels

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is a strategic national food security crop in that can be used as a supplement for carbohydrates. It is the fastest growing staple food crop and source of income for poor smallholder farmers. There is limited documentation on effects of earthing up irish potatoes on yield and yield components in Zimbabwe. A field experiment was conducted in Zaka district of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe during the 2018/19 cropping season. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of time of earthing up on yield and yield parameters of BP1 potato variety. The treatments consisted of four levels of time of earthing up (no earthing up (control), three, four and five weeks after plant emergence), replicated three times on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results on earthing-up at three weeks recorded significantly (P<0.013) the highest total tuber yield (21.97 t ha-1) which is 10% higher compared to no earthing up which recorded 14.43 t ha-1. Moreover, earthing up at two weeks had the least number of greening tuber yield (3%), 11% pest damaged tuber yield, 6% unmarketable tuber yield and 45% marketable tuber yield. This is in contrast with no earthing up which recorded 91% greening tuber yield, 25.3% on pest damaged tubers, 59% on unmarketable tubers and 10% marketable tuber yield. Based on the results, first earthing up should be done at three weeks after complete plant emergence at the study area under rain fed conditions for the production of potatoes with improved yield and better tuber quality.

Effect of water stress on tuber quality (dumbel, pointed, cracks and total deformed tubers) in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Subhash Kumar ◽  
Devendra Kumar ◽  
B. Singh ◽  
Yash Pal Singh ◽  
Pushpendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Effect Of Water

Potato response to crop sequence and nitrogen fertilization following sod breakup in a Gleyed Humo-Ferric Podzol

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
L. É. Parent ◽  
C. Tremblay ◽  
A. Karam
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
N Rates

Meadow soils could supply significant amounts of N for several years and reduce N requirements for the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). We examined a combination of three crop sequences, three cultivars and six N rates in relation to tuber yield and quality. Superior, Kennebec and Snowden were grown as follows on a Tilly silty loam between 1993 and 1995: (1) 3-yr continuous potato cropping of Superior, (2) 3-yr continuous potato cropping starting with Snowden and followed by 2 yr of Kennebec, and (3) 3-yr sequence of Kennebec, oat (Avena sativa L. 'Marion') and Superior. There were six N treatments (0, 70, 105, 140, 175 and 210 kg N ha−1) and a split application of 140 kg N ha−1 (half at seeding and half before hilling). The seasons were either favorable to growth (1993), relatively wet (1994) or relatively dry (1995). In 1993 and 1994, total yield varied between 37 and 50 t ha−1. In 1995, continuous cropping of Kennebec and Superior produced 28 t ha−1 compared with 37 t ha−1 under crop rotation. The rotation increased total yield of Superior by 34% and graded yield by 42% in 1995. The N requirement was closely related to yield, rather than cultivar. Compared with continuous cropping of Superior, tuber-quality index was highest with the rotation for rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani) (67 vs. 57) and common scab (Streptomyces scabies) (90 vs. 82). The incidence of both diseases decreased when at least 70 kg N ha−1 was applied. For common scab, skin coverages was higher at rates of 0, 175 and 210 kg N ha−1 than at intermediate rates of 70–140 kg N ha−1. Mineral N accumulated in the 0–60-cm layer in the interrow and increased rapidly when N rates exceeded 105 kg N ha−1. After sod breakup an N rate in the range of 70–100 kg N ha−1 and crop rotation with cereals sustained the productivity of the potato during 3 yr while minimizing the environmental impact of mineral N. Key words: Crop rotation, common scab, rhizoctonia, reduced N rates, Solanum tuberosum L.

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