Possibility of Limiting Mineral Fertilization in Potato Cultivation by Using Bio-fertilizer and Its Influence on Protein Content in Potato Tubers

Potato protein is a valuable source of essential plant-derived amino acids, the composition of which is similar to that of chicken egg protein considering the amino acid reference. Many factors used in potato cultivation can modify its composition. The use of bio-fertilizers in potato growing offers a possibility of a better use of minerals from soil and organic sources and reducing the need for mineral fertilizers by activating minerals present in soil. The effect can be to improve not only the potato tuber yield but also the nutritional value. The aim of this study has been to determine the hanges in the content of crude protein and the composition of amino acids in potato tubers, depending on the application of the bio-fertilizer (UGmax), organic fertilizers (pea as a catch crop, straw, and farmyard manure (FYM)) as well as mineral fertilization (100% and 50% of the reference rate). The application of bio-fertilizer significantly increased the content of essential and non-essential amino acids in potato tuber protein. With the half-decreased mineral fertilization rate, bio-fertilizer most effectively increased the content of tyrosine, methionine, asparagine in potato tuber protein in the treatments with FYM or with a catch crop as well as without organic fertilization.

Overexpression of a putative nitrate transporter (StNPF1.11) increases plant height, leaf chlorophyll content and tuber protein content of young potato plants

Nitrate (NO3–) fertilisers are commonly used to improve the yield and quality of most non-legume crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Root cells absorb nitrate from the soil using plasma membrane-bound transporters. In this study, we overexpressed a putative nitrate transporter from potato (StNPF1.11) to study its effect on the level of tuber protein content in potato. At 10 weeks after planting, overexpression of StNPF1.11 increased the mean level of protein content of all n = 23 transformants by 42% compared with the wild-type control. The level of chlorophyll content in leaves (from upper and lower plant parts) also increased for several individuals at 10 weeks. Tuber yield (fresh) was not structurally impaired; however, the mean tuber dry matter content of the transformants was reduced by 3–8% at 19 weeks. At 19 weeks, an overall increase in protein content was not clearly observed. Throughout plant development, half of the transformants were taller than the control. A basic understanding of the mechanisms that regulate plant nitrogen uptake, transport and utilisation, enable the development of tools to improve both crop nutrition and crop quality that are needed to enhance the viability and sustainability of future plant production systems.

Fertilizer effects on some biochemical characteristics of Helianthus tuberosus l

In this research, we purposed to study some biochemical characteristics and effects of fertilizers on the accumulation of inulin polysaccharides in the tubers of Helianthus tuberosus L. For this purpose, three types fertilizers of organic, organic-mineral complex and mineral mixed pellets were used, and the inulin polysaccharide content was determined optical density using spectrophotometer in 285 nm light range. The content of the inulin polysaccharide was the highest in control sample to 31.0% and the lowest in mineral mixed pellets fertilizer to 9.9%. From this point of view, mineral mixtures fertilizer negatively affect the accumulation of inulin is polysaccharide. Protein analysis results shows that two variants with mineral-containing fertilizers give more protein content to control samples, particularly, leaf proteins are 5.08% and 4.21% and the tuber protein is 2.79% and 2.37%. It is proved that mineral fertilizers have a positive effect on protein synthesis. Булцуут цэцгийн (helianthus tuberosus l) биохимийн зарим үзүүлэлтэд бордооны нөлөө Хураангуй: Бид энэ удаа Булцуут цэцгийн биохимийн зарим үзүүлэлт болон булцуун дахь инулины полисахаридын хуримтлалд бордооны үзүүлэх нөлөөг судлах зорилго тавилаа. Үүний тулд 3 төрлийн буюу органик, органик-эрдэс нийлмэл, эрдэсхолимог үрлэн бордоонуудаар булцуут цэцгийг бордож ургуулан инулины полисахаридын агууламжийг 285 нм гэрлийн мужид оптик нягтыг нь спектрофотометр ашиглан тодорхойлсон. Инулины полисахаридын агууламж нь хяналтын хувилбар дээр хамгийн өндөр буюу 31.0%, харин эрдэс бордоо хэрэглэсэн хувилбар дээр хамгийн бага буюу 9.9% байв. Эндээс дүгнэхэд эрдэс холимог үрлэн бордоо нь инулины полисахаридын хуримтлалд сөргөөр нөлөөлж байгааг харуулж байна. Харин булцуу болон навчиндуургийн агууламж тодорхойлсон дүнгээс харахад хяналттай харьцуулахад органик-эрдэс нийлмэл бордоогоор бордсон хувилбарт навчны уураг 5.08%, булцууны уураг нь 2.79%, эрдэс холимог үрлэн бордоотойд 4.21%, 2.37%-иар тус тус илүү байна. Энэ нь эрдэс бордоо уургийн нийлэгжилтэнд эерэг нөлөөтэй болохыг харуулж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Инулин, уураг, эслэг, шим тэжээлийн элемент

Effects of Iodine Agronomic Bio- fortification on selected Physiological Characteristics of Cassava in Calabar, Southeastern Nigeria

Field experiments were conducted between November 2011 and May 2014 at the Crop Science Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Calabar, (Southeastern rainforest agro-ecological zone of Nigeria) to determine the effectiveness of Iodine agronomic fortification of cassava. The field experiment was a 2x3x4 factorial experiment arranged in randomized complete block design replicated three times, conducted using two cassava varieties,( TME 419 and TMS 30555); four iodine rates( 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0) kg/ha KI; applied at 8, 10 and 12 WAP. Physiological data were obtained by determination of Iodine content [in cassava tuber]; tuber cyanide content (HCN); Carbohydrate content of tuber; starch content of tuber and tuber protein contents. Iodine absorption and retention in cassava tuber flesh was significantly positively correlated with Iodine doses at the times of application (p0.05 and 0.01). TME 419 retained more Iodine in tissues than TMS 30555 and recorded highest correlation co-efficient at 10WAP. Iodine doses and time of application did not significantly control (P≥0.05) contents of cyanide, carbohydrate and starch in cassava tubers. Protein content was significantly varied in cassava varieties and rate and time of Iodine application influenced tuber protein content. TME 419 produced more tuber protein, Iodine doses of 2.5kg/ha KI and 0kg/ha KI had higher protein content than 5kg and 10kg/ha KI. Application at 8WAP and 10WAP were not significantly different. For favourable physiological cassava characteristics, 2.5kg/ha KI is recommended applied 10 weeks after planting (WAP).

UJI DAYA HASIL BEBERAPA KLON UBI JALAR (Ipomeae batatas L.)

This research aims to know the test results a few sweet potato clones. This research was conducted with a random Design Group (RAK) factorial design arranged in a random group of 6 sweet potato clones. As a factor of an experiment is a clone-clones the sweet potato i.e. BUS OP-OP, bus 61-4, OP 73-8, OP 73-5, D67 and 73-6/2. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and test difference between the average worked out with test BNT 5%. The observed parameters are the number of bulbs/plants, the fresh tuber weight kg/plant fresh weight, berangkasan,% dry weight of the dry weight of berangkasan, bulbs, bulbs, dry weight of the dry weight of the dry weight biomass, brangkasan, harvest index, tuber protein content (% BK). The results showed the potential results of the four new clones (bus BUS 61, OP-OP-4, OP 73-73 and OP. 8-5) has not yet reached optimal levels seen based on the level of results in control of the clones (D 67 and 73-6/2). While the range of protein content on clone-clones a new range 6.12-7.63% based on the dried weight won't be matter, whereas only control clones ranged from 2,19-3.30%.

Effect of heat treatment on re-solubility of potato proteins isolated from industrial potato fruit juice

The contribution deals with thermal stability and re-solubility of potato tuber proteins isolated by ethanol precipitation from industrial potato fruit juice. The protein isolate was exposed to the temperatures ranging from 25°C to 70°C. Patatin, the tuber protein with a high nutritious value, was detected by SDS-PAGE in the region of 39–43 kDa. Patatin was evaluated as thermal sensitive – temperatures above 30°C caused its strong insolubility. Potato protease inhibitors were detected in the region from 4.3 to 24 kDa. Thermal stability of potato protease inhibitors (region from 25 to 14 kDa) was higher, although the temperatures above 45°C caused denaturation and insolubility of most of the protease inhibitors. Extremely thermo-stable was potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor with molecular weight of 4.3 kDa that remained soluble even after having been exposed to the highest temperatures.